علیرضا جوکار

In the 21st century, the Islamic Republic of Iran is struggling with a new form of war, which is known in military literature as hybrid war. Therefore, the requirements of governance in combined warfare should be prioritized in the policy-making of macro countries. This research has investigated the requirements of governance in combined warfare with the futurist approach of 1404 with an epistemological approach. The results of this research show that the domination of the United States since the Second World War until now, for the domination in the world, against the countries that are not ready to accept its domination, there are various methods such as the use of nuclear weapons. Cognitive war, color revolution, military attack, sanctions, social networking and hybrid war have collided. In this regard, this research was developed in order to create a model for achieving governance in combined warfare. While being careful in maintaining the unity and authority of the armed forces, it should be ensured that the Islamic Republic is not incapable of dealing with the conspiracies and seditions of America and its allies, but all the solutions to face seditions, conspiracies The effects of combined combat are not suppression; Because most of the internal riots have a seditious and psychological nature, and the curtains must be removed so that the people themselves can collect the riots and conspiracies. Therefore, the Iranian nation's anti-arrogance, policy and outlook is solid and logical and should continue.

The aim of this paper is to determine the fast neutrons flux incident upon the HPGe detector during the BN thick target gamma-ray yield measurements. These measurements were conducted using the deuteron beam of 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 MeV. In this work, we measured the fast neutrons flux using the 596 keV gamma peak originating from the 74Ge(n,nγ)74Ge and 73Ge(n,γ)74Ge reactions. The contributions of the capture and inelastic scattering reaction over the 596 keV gamma peak yield were measured. The advantage of the method is that no additional equipment is required and the flux of fast neutrons is measured online using the collected gamma spectrum.

Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) is a powerful method for the characterization of light elements in heavy matrix. The capability of this method to determine carbon in iron-based substrates was studied. The systematic error of this method was estimated to be 6%. It was found that the sensitivity of the method for determining carbon in the metal substrates is 0.05% by weight. Three different standard samples of which have specific carbon content, were used to measure carbon in the bulk substrate. The difference between measured and actual carbon of standard samples is within the method error spread and less than 6% reported. To determine the depth profile, carbonized steel-304L samples by the DC plasma method in two various substrate temperatures were used. The effect of the substrate temperature on the formation of the carbon layer and its depth profile was studied. The formation of Fe3C layer in the depth of the carbon samples under the 385 °C has been determined using the NRA method and confirmed with other SEM and XRD methods.

One of the on-line range verification techniques in proton therapy is time -of-flight (TOF) measurement for prompt gamma. In this technique, the prompt gamma timing spectra is measured using the time difference between passage of the particle bunch through the target entrance of the beam and the arrival time of the corresponding prompt γ-ray at the detector.In this study, homogeneous PMMA phantom and PMMA phantoms with a slice of bone or air cavity were simulated in GEANT4 simulation. These targets were irradiated with a proton pencil beam with an initial energy of 150 MeV, and the resulting PGT spectra was recorded by scintillation detectors.Then, a code was programmed in MATLAB software to analytically solve the kinematics of proton movement in the phantom, and the PGT spectrum obtained from GEANT4 was given as an input to this software code and the prompt gamma-ray emission profiles was obtained in the phantom. In this study, the effect of the type and position of the heterogeneous slice on the PGT spectrum and the prompt gamma-ray emission profiles resulting from the PGT transformation was investigated. From the comparison of the prompt gamma-ray emission profile resulting from PGT spectra conversion, with the energy deposition spectra resulting from GEANT4 simulation, it was observed that the range shift and the shift of energy deposition location resulting from an inhomogeneity in PMMA have a significant relationship compared to the reference phantom.The presence of an inhomogeneous slice of bone and air cavity with a thickness of 10 mm shifts the range of the proton compared to its range in the reference phantom by 4 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively, and the spectra of energy deposition for these states are respectively 4.8 mm and 9.9 mm shifted relative to the energy deposition spectra of the reference phantom. Therefore, the PGT spectra reflects the proton transit time in the target material and provides the possibility of determining the prompt gamma-ray emission profiles and the possibility of confirming the delivery of the dose to the patient's body.

This paper introduces the deuteron-induced gamma-ray emission technique (DIGE) for the quantification of BCN samples. BCN is a metal-free semiconductor that has a graphene-like structure and its properties are strongly dependent on the composition of the constituent elements, i.e. boron, carbon, and nitrogen. So, the quantitative analysis of BCN is essential. DIGE is an ion beam analysis method that simultaneously measures light elements such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and etc. Therefore, it is a proper method for characterizing BCN samples. A Boron-doped graphene carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized via heating thiourea and subsequently adding boric acid. The synthesized g-C3N4 and BCN were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine that the correct form of the samples was grown..Then, the elemental concentrations in the samples were determined by measuring the prompt gamma-ray from 11B(d,pγ1-0)12B, 14N(d,pγ4-1)13N and 12C(d,pγ1-0)13C reactions.

In this research work, we used the Deuteron Induced Gamma-ray Emission (DIGE) method based on 18O(d,pγ)19O (Eγ=1376 keV), and 16O(d,pγ)17O (Eγ= 871 keV) nuclear reactions to determine absolute amounts of the stable isotopes 16O  and 18O in the irradiated H218O sample. This sample had been bombarded as a target by the proton beam of a cyclotron accelerator in order to 18F radioisotope production. The employed thin Ta2O5 target was prepared by anodizing tantalum backing with the sample of irradiated H218O. The main advantage of PIGE is in measuring the simultaneity of the isotopes 16O and 18O only using one experience with a deuteron beam. The method's reliability was checked by determining isotope 18O for a sample with given 18O enrichment. These measurements were conducted using the 1150 keV deuteron beam of the 3 MV Van de Graaff electrostatic accelerator of the Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI).

The present research aims to measure the physical parameters affecting the differential cross-sections of PIGE reactions in the 45˚R beamline of the Van de Graaff accelerator. The calibration coefficient, the correlation between particle energy and NMR frequency, was determined using the relevant nuclear reactions. The absolute efficiency of the HPGe detector within the energy range of 60 to 10800 keV was obtained using the gamma rays of the standard radioactive sources and the cascade gamma rays due to the proton capture reactions.  Two different techniques determined the solid angle of the charged particle detector. Using the backscattered particles' spectra, the beam current and the number of target nuclei were calculated. Also, the necessity for reducing the laboratory background and identifying the undesired peaks due to neutron-induced reactions was discussed.  Under favorable experimental conditions, the systematic uncertainty for cross-section measurement was estimated to be less than 9%.

 Pediculosis Capitis is one of the most common parasitic infections in female students with various complications. Commitment to action as an important determinant of behavior can reinforce interventions. This study evaluated the effect of commitment to action on increasing the effectiveness of education to control Pediculosis Capitis in students.

 This experimental study was conducted on 150 female high school students in Firoozkooh in 2017. Participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 50 people. Two intervention groups, including education and education with a commitment to action and one control, participated. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, behavior, commitment to action, and examination at baseline and one month after education. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using ANCOVA and logistic regression (p<0.05).

 an increase in knowledge, attitude, behavior, commitment to action, and a reduction in Pediculosis Capitis were observed (p<0.001) in the intervention groups. Also, there were significant differences in behavior, commitment to action, and Pediculosis Capitis (p<0.001) in the second intervention group than first. The effectiveness of the intervention was moderate to high (0.79 to 0.95). Factors influencing Pediculosis Capitis included the number of family members, number of people in the bedroom, history of infection, number of bedrooms, knowledge, attitude, behavior, and commitment to action (p<0.001).

 Applying commitment to action increases the effectiveness of the education on improving knowledge, attitude, behavior, and Pediculosis Capitis control in female high school students.

In the urban water consumption management, various factors affect the amount of residential water demand (RWD). The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze some of the active factors on RWD in Arak city in 2019. To analyze RWD, a questionnaire was first designed to collect consumer information in four categories: property status and water facilities, meter status, lifestyle, and household information. Using random sampling methods, a random sample including 1400 consumers was selected, and the questionnaire was completed for them. Then, the consumer status was studied using descriptive statistics. For a more accurate analysis of consumer’s behavior, 15 factors in the form of 4 mentioned categories were analyzed using the assumption test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA), based on the average monthly consumption of consumers in the past year. The analysis showed that only three factors of the 15 have a significant difference in RWD: being villa or apartment, car washing method, and carpet washing method, and the other factors didn’t show a substantial difference in RWD. The results of this study indicated that some factors related to lifestyle have more essential effects on RWD. Consequently, the most crucial factor in RWD is the culture of water consumption. This seems to indicate the priority of applying advertising tools to educate the public about the correct perception of RWD, which should be on the schedule of water and wastewater companies.

In recent years, due to the increasing use of hydrocarbons by humans, soil contamination has become a concern in environmental and geotechnical engineering fields. In the other words, by the growth and development of industries, the number of factories, complexes, refineries and oil product transportation lines around cities increases. Hence, in addition to the environmental concerns caused by the leakage and entrance of pollutions into groundwater and their side effects, the soil geotechnical characteristics and bearing capacity of soils contaminated by oil contaminations are subject to change. Accordingly, in the oil-rich regions of the world, a great deal of research is devoted to the study of soil refinement, bearing capacity and instability caused by soil contamination. A numerically study was undertaken to achieve an accurate and realistic response. As a review of the previous research indicated, in recent decades, most studies have focused on the geotechnical properties of contaminated soils and there is only a limited amount of information about the bearing capacity and the foundation settlement behavior. Thus the purpose of this paper is to determine the behavior of strip footings rested on the gasoil and kerosene-contaminated sand slope. After determining the bearing capacity, the effect of petroleum products, including gas oil and kerosene oil, on the bearing capacity of strip footings adjacent to sand slopes was investigated. In this study, variables such as the type and percentage of contamination, slope angle, footing distance to slope crest and the thickness of the contaminated layer have been investigated. The results show that a thicker contaminated layer and a greater degree of contamination and soil slope will decrease the bearing capacity of the strip footing. Furthermore by increasing the footing distance to slope crest, the bearing capacity of strip foundation is increased. The numerical results have been verified for both the load-settlement diagram and the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing, by recent experimental results.