علیرضا سلطانی

The purpose of this research is to analyze the trend of Iran's export to each of the neighboring countries and to provide a suitable model of Iran's new economic diplomacy to be used in improving Iran's commercial position. The current research is "applied" in terms of purpose, and "descriptive-correlation" and "causal-communicative" in terms of method, and the structural equation modeling method was used in the analysis of the results. The population of this research is businessmen active in neighboring countries, producers, exporters, high-level managers, cultural and media expert activists, and according to multivariate regression analysis and the number of observable variables, 195 people were selected as a quantitative sample. The collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was used for data analysis and AMOS software was used to design the final model. The findings of the research based on the theory of neoliberal institutionalism and the obtained results of the variables of "cultural exchange with cultural diplomacy components" and "peace-oriented communication with media diplomacy components" and "economic foreign policy with economic diplomacy components" with acceptable reliability in Improving Iran's position in the region and strengthening Iran's commercial and economic relations has an effect, and the fit indices of the model showed acceptable values.

Natural disasters are inevitable, and governments must plan ahead to prepare for them. The COVID-19 pandemic posed a daunting challenge; however, some countries outperformed others. Why were various approaches employed? Why were some of those approaches more effective? Trying to address these questions, we adopted a descriptive-comparative method to discover the causes of variations in states' performances. Hypothesizing that a key factor would be the nature of the economic system, we reviewed different references. This study reveals that the unequal capitalistic system, with its selective elimination of cost-intensive social service sectors based solely on cost-benefit analyses, placed powerful nations like the US and the UK in a vulnerable position at the height of the crisis. The disparity in economic systems and states' perceptions of the pandemic resulted in diverse responses, different mortality rates, and varying economic repercussions. This study further highlights the three-stage nature of pandemic crisis management: initial or entry phase, containment or management, and exit. Poor preparedness in the initial phase hampered the performance of neoliberal nations such as the US and the UK in the subsequent phase. However, their success in the final phase was notable, largely attributed to the development of vaccines. On the contrary, the preparedness of Germany and Sweden in the initial phase, due to government planning and more robust social services, paved the way for their success in the crisis management and exit phases. In a similar vein, Japan's early preparedness, stemming from its ingrained cultural norms and government investments in education, contributed to success in subsequent phases.

The historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions.

Industrial towns with the aim of establishing organized small and medium-sized, quick-yielding and even large industries based on the optimal location of industrial activities and the coordination of industries with local and cultural conditions and the optimal use of existing production capacities in each province will increase the efficiency of the economic system; In this regard, Khuzestan province is considered one of the main hubs of industry and services in the country, and the country's officials have always referred to this province as a strategic province in terms of the country's development, if the state of industry and services in the country, especially Khuzestan province, is Let's take a look at one of the main poles of the country's industry. Therefore, in order to investigate how the implementation of the aforementioned plan works, this research has tried to analyze the success and failure of the employment policies of high-yielding enterprises in Khuzestan province; In this regard, the question raised is how the success and failure of the employment policies of the fast-yielding company have been ranked and diagnosed? In fact, the lack of systematic planning and policy-making in accordance with the needs of the province, the weakness and inefficiency of the monitoring system in the executive field has caused that, in a macro view, organizational-executive variable, environmental-executive variable, operational-executive variable and psychological-executive variable affect the success and failure of early-yielding enterprise projects in the executive field. Khuzestan province) to have a significant effect. But this significance should be interpreted as which is the priority; Therefore, for the purpose of social pathology and planning, the purpose and necessity of the research is more justified; Based on this, the research results show that all fouorganizational and operational priorities hKolmogorov-Smirnov test was usade at the end to help future researches.

The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "international social Capital that . Immaturity emerged and of the in the conceptual and resulting from the complexity and neglect in the conceptual and theoretical development has caused its that have a real station yet. for this reason the preliminary and passing Consider of some researcher with international social capital, with respect the background that has been domestic, the mentioned idea to be a strange debates in international relations and a rule that is inconsistent and lacks conceptual and theoretical aford ability it seems. The purpose of this article is promate clear up the conceptual and theoretical dibit of this component in theoretical studies of international relations. This research has been done by using the analytical- describptivea Method and also using library Resources, and this is the question this article: What is the theoretical and conceptual basis of international social capital in discourse of international relations? The results show that, social capital is a metaphorical gem which according to the ratio and scope of new concepts of international relations with consept abstract and metaphorical concepts international social capital is also developed and conceptually and theoretically be descripted explained by relying on the metaphorical structures of the origin field,there is a conceptual and theoretical. 

The increasing complexities and decreasing capacity of planning and policy management are among the most important topics related to the development and management of tourism planning, decentralization, self-management and regional management. As we have seen, in recent years, many researches have been conducted in this field and a mutual relationship has been established between the three variables of political science and management, planning and policy-making in order to plan for development. But there are two methods for developing and managing tourism planning; In the first method of governance, the central government is in charge of all affairs, in fact, the system is centrally managed and planned, in the second method, which is called governance, local management and planning are among the four main pillars of local governance, namely municipalities, local councils. , non-governmental organizations and the private sector are divided, each of these pillars provide resources for development and management. The article tries to answer this question, how can the main pillars of the local government, by providing the necessary resources and their potential, manage and plan tourism and accelerate the process of planning, policymaking and development? It seems that the main pillars with their joint relationship and providing resources accelerate the process of management and development, the municipality provides resources and technical facilities, local councils are the source of civil society (including social and cultural assets), the private sector It provides management resources and effective productivity methods, and non-governmental organizations are institutions created by the people, which are the source of empowering citizens for local responsibility.

Today, the dependency between energy consumption and water use has become an important issue in pressurized irrigation networks. In addition to the problem of water scarcity, rising energy costs are also a challenge for the agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to investigate different strategies to reduce energy consumption in the pressurized irrigation network of Saleh Abad.

For this purpose, firstly, minor changes affecting energy consumption including change in diameter of lateral pipe were evaluated. In this level, evaluated scenarios were lateral pipe diameters in mm 63 and 75. Hydraulic analysis of irrigation network was calculated using WaterGems software and energy consumption in different pumping stations was calculated using energy audit. In the second level of evaluation, four scenarios were defined to reduce energy consumption in the irrigation networks by structural changes in the irrigation network based on energy audit strategies, critical point control, network sectoring and pumping station management. The scenarios were (i) network sectoring without changing the main canal line, (ii) change of main canal line to pipe line, (iii) implementation a new first pipe line for a part of the network that is irrigated by gravity water, and (iv) elimination of the secondary pumping station by increasing the primary pumping station head. In the scenarios i, ii and iii, the part of the irrigation network lands was determined that could be irrigated without the need for a secondary pumping station. In this scenarios, the energy saving was calculated in a new condition by varying the type or number of pumps in secondary pumping stations to provide upstream discharge and head requirements.

The results showed that according to the topographic conditions of the network, changing the diameter of the laterals had no effect on saving energy. Also, the results showed that by network sectoring and applying scenarios(i), (ii), and (iv), the irrigated area without the need for a secondary pumping station were 610.8, 1591.5 and 1621.8 hectares, the energy saving in secondary pumping station were 14.6, 46.1 and 47.4% and the total energy consumed in network were 3.9, 12.4 and 12.7%, respectively. In the scenario iv, the primary pumping station was optimized. The result indicated that if the pumps type of the primary pumping station were changed and the water reservoir was implemented in higher level, it would be possible to eliminate the secondary pumping stations. In this case, the total area network (2820 ha) was irrigated without the secondary pump station and the energy saving was 8.46%.

The results of this study showed that changing the diameter of the lateral pipe had no significant effect on the energy consumption of the network. Also, the results showed that network sectoring and changes in main pipeline, it is possible to save up to 3121 MWh in the annual energy consumption of the network. Therefore, it is suggested that, network sectoring based on the input pressure of hydrants and the use of gravity, in the design of irrigation and drainage networks, considered as an effective solution to reduce energy consumption.

In the law of the fourth development plan, the government approved the executive regulation for the development of small, quick-yielding economic enterprises and entrepreneurs in order to solve the problem of unemployment and create employment. The mentioned project started its activity in 2014 and now it has been almost a decade since this project has been active. Therefore, in order to examine how the implementation of the mentioned plan works, this research has tried to analyze the key factors in the success and failure of the government's employment creation policies in Khuzestan province (high-yielding enterprises) between 1384-1391; In this regard, the question arises that how are the government's employment policies in Khuzestan province (small enterprises), the key factors of its success and failure, ranked and diagnosed? In fact, the lack of systematic planning and policy-making in accordance with the needs of the province, the weakness and inefficiency of the monitoring system in the executive field has caused that, in a macro view, executive-organizational factors, executive-environmental factors, executive-operational factors and executive-psychological factors affect the success and failure of early-yielding enterprise projects in the executive field. Khuzestan province) to have a significant effect. But this significance should be interpreted as which is the priority; Therefore, for the purpose of social pathology and planning, the purpose and necessity of the research is more justified; Based on this, the research results show that all four factors with environmental, psychological, organizational and operational priorities have a significant effect. Also, the above results have been obtained

Throughout history, justice has had different meanings in the thought of various schools and philosophers. This research, by applying two concepts of justice, i.e. Rawls's social justice and Friedman's and Hayek's neoliberal justice, with the slogans and performance of the Ahmadi government, wants to answer this question with an analytical and descriptive method. The 9th and 10th governments that came to work with the slogan of providing social justice, were they able to finally achieve their goals and establish social justice? The hypothesis of this research is that in the end, despite the slogan of social justice, Ahmadinejad, like his previous governments, continued with neoliberal policies and failed to fulfill the slogan of social justice. What was determined by examining the policies and statistics is that although partial and low-impact policies such as Mehr housing were used in the direction of social justice, in the end these policies failed to achieve their goals due to the weakness of expertise and the lack of efforts to change the economic track. make this government a reality and although in some years they temporarily changed indicators such as the Gini coefficient, in the end the 10th government ended its work with negative indicators in terms of social justice

The election contests of 1992 started in a situation where the chaos of the economic conditions under the influence of the policies of the tenth government caused the exchange rate to rise, the inequality increased and inflation was rampant. Analytical and descriptive economic and social policies during the eight-year presidency of Hassan Rouhani from the point of view of the realization of social justice, what the research has reached in its investigation shows that this government, although in its first period, relied on the western approach Garianeh has had temporary successes, but in the end, due to inaction and relying too much on the West, he followed the same path as the Ahmadinejad government, and under the influence of the neoliberal approaches governing Iran's economy, he not only failed to end social inequalities, but also increased these inequalities. From the beginning, this research is trying to answer the question that the approaches and economic conditions in Rouhani's government have had an impact on the field of social justice in Iranian society, and it has followed the hypothesis that the predominance of neoliberal approaches over economic policies will lead to the realization of social justice. In the first Rouhani government, he faced the challenge, in addition to the intensification of economic sanctions and the weakness of economic management, in the second term of the government, the conditions of social justice faced a bigger problem.

Despite having common cultural values and ideas with other neighboring countries, Iran faces a serious challenge in using cultural and media diplomacy in economic relations. These weaknesses have caused the merchants to find new export routes; to face challenges. The investigations of this research from official sources based on the statistics of 2019 show that Iran's exports to neighboring countries are unbalanced and less than its capacities. These studies show that Iran provides only1.76percent (one and seventy-two hundred percent) of the import needs of 15 neighboring countries. This trade share shows a great distance from the principles of global trade with neighbors. It seems that by strengthening media and cultural diplomacy along with other economic components, Iran's commercial share in neighboring countries has increased. For the pathology of cultural and media diplomatic capacities in Iran's economic and commercial relations with neighboring countries, in this article, relying on the theoretical foundations of neoliberal institutionalism, the issue has been investigated. It is assumed that the adoption of a model of modern economic diplomacy that simultaneously pays attention to cultural exchange with the components of cultural diplomacy, peace-oriented communication with the components of media diplomacy, and economic-oriented foreign policy with the components of economic diplomacy will lead to the expansion of Iran's economic and commercial relations in neighboring countries.The present research is "applied" in terms of its purpose and "descriptive-correlation" and "causal-communicative" in terms of method.

Character is an important element in the story, and the audience, especially children and young people, learn the most important basics of life through modeling and feeling identification with the people in the story; Therefore, investigating the portrayal of character elements in stories, especially child and youth characters, is particularly important in this context, and the purpose of this research is to investigate these types of characters in popular stories in Bakhtiari culture based on Documentary method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The result of the research shows that in the investigated stories, the number of children and young people is more than adults; Girls have a stronger role than boys. In terms of social class, most of the characters of children and young people belong to the lower class, and despite the presence of more female characters, the main character of most of the stories is chosen from the male characters. Among the physical characteristics, more attention has been paid to the beauty of the girl's face and long hair, and the shooting, hunting, physical strength and good looks of the boy, and among the emotional and moral characteristics, more attention has been paid to their courage, kindness, intelligence, wisdom and loyalty .

In Iran, since the beginning of oil exploration, the governments have not been able to properly exploit oil. If the oil revenues are not used properly, a rentier government will be formed and the Dutch disease will plague the national economy. The peak of the rentier government can be seen between 1353 and 1356. The Pahlavi government was a rentier state because it regularly received huge amounts of foreign rent. Therefore, Iran's oil revenues have little connection with the domestic economy and the domestic labor force. In fact, with the increase in oil revenues, the Pahlavi regime's independence from the domestic society reached such a degree that the government began to change the social structure and created support groups for itself and created supporting groups for himself and weakened opposing social groups such as marketers and clerics, which was one of the reasons for the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Therefore, the question of this article is what effect did the structure of the rentier government have on the collapse of the Pahlavi government? And it is also the hypothesis that following the increase of oil revenues of the Pahlavi government by creating an absolute political structure and destroying the capacities and foundations of the production-oriented economy and based on tax revenues, it provided the basis for political, social and economic dissatisfaction and ultimately the collapse of the political system. This article is written in an analytical and descriptive way and its information is collected in a library way. In the end, the conclusion has been reached that the oil-owning countries, especially Iran, have no way to restore their economy except to exit from the single-product economy and increase tax revenues.

Iran’s uneven experience in its economic development process during the last decades, which seemingly culminated in the JCPOA process and continuous efforts made at the removal of sanctions, has made Iran revise its choice of partners in the international scene in order to attain economic development. In the meantime, world developments and the shift in power paradigm based on economy or in other words, the new international order relying on economic variables provide observes with a new outlook. In the existing order, economic rivalries based on technology, communications and information provide the basis for the formation of power structure in the international system. The major players of the international system, which give rise to such rivalries and form international interactions and transactions, include rising economic powers. To investigate this issue, this article proposed the following question: What are the place and role of the rising economies comparatively in the process of Iran’s economic development? To answer it, a hypothesis is put forward which suggests that considering Iran’s development conditions and structure, rising economies possess a salient place in development relations with Iran because of their flexibility in relations, and cheap, low cost, low risk, non-political and efficient characteristics.

The purpose of life "is one of the most fundamental philosophical issues in the modern age. One of the most important philosophical, psychological and religious issues of man in the new era and the era of industrialization of societies and the all-round progress of science and technology is life, which is what we deal with every day. The purpose of this research is to raise the issue of life purpose, to express different views in general and to express Sartre's view in particular and to critique it. Because this study takes a fresh look at the purpose of life, it can be used by anyone who is concerned with or working in this field. And it has been absurd, and with death it rejoins nothingness. So we humans only exist a short distance away and have no choice but to be active. From the point of view of existentialists, it is human beings who can and should determine their goals and purposes of life and give meaning and meaning to their lives while creating and changing the nature of themselves. If man does not live for a purpose beyond his own, the emptiness and inherent meaninglessness of life will swallow him up and drown him in despair and despair. In his plays, he deals with the meaning of life in various ways.

Iran and China as two important and influential countries in the international system, have common interests and goals to expand cooperation in various fields. China's various capabilities, especially in the political and economic fields, have made this country an important activist in the field of international politics.The signing of the 25-year comprehensive cooperation document between Iran and China in April 2021 has been met with a lot of positive and negative opinions. Considering the recent regional developments, the China-US dispute, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the acceptance of Iran's official membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the effects and consequences of the spread of the Corona virus and the changes in global value chains and the direction of investments, the power structure in the system. The international community will most likely change in the next few years, and in this regard, adopting a suitable strategy in relations with China is one of the most important goals and priorities of Iran's foreign policy.In fact, in the era of complex interdependence, China has a high capacity and ability to strengthen the current development process in Iran, and therefore, in the upcoming article, we are seeking to find out the fields and requirements of achieving the goals of the comprehensive document of 25 years of cooperation between Iran and China from a political and economic point of view, executive and development-oriented within the framework of the theory of complex interdependence to investigate and feasibility.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and identifying factors affecting the success or failure of the development of the structure and organization of the tourism industry in Lorestan province. In terms of methodology, the current research is of a descriptive-survey type and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research is the statistical population of all the managers of tourism service organizations, local tourism (government, private or related) who are members of the trade association providing services based on tourism, who have a license from the government, and who, according to the statistics of the organization of Lorestan province

Large societies are based on the idea of a common identity for a nation. Therefore, governments are trying different ways to help create such a society by educating, creating and strengthening common values, supporting a national identity, etc. It is through which a society transfers its political culture from one generation to another. Since military service is a place to teach discipline to young people and prepare them to accept other roles, based on this, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the political socialization of conscript students in the process of in-service training. In terms of method, the current research is a descriptive survey type, and data collection was done by questionnaire method, and content validity and construct validity were used to verify the validity. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics have been used. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of political socialization of duty students was used. This scale has included 18 items, which have been measured in the form of 5 components of the formation of political values and beliefs - service to the elevation of the homeland - political participation - respect for the sovereignty of the political system - adherence to commitments, action and behavior through the statistical community. According to the obtained results, the first, second, and fifth components were evaluated as favorable, and the third and fourth components have met the level of satisfaction to some extent, but still the lack of effective and efficient policies regarding these components is evident and tangible and should be taken into consideration by the policy makers.

If we consider foreign policy as a "system", decision-making and policy-making is the brain of the thinker, and the processes and factors that affect them are the "main subsystems" in this framework. It has been the subject of extensive research to examine the circumstances under which indicators and based on what purpose and motivation could play a more important role in a policy.Foreign policy policy-making is the decision-making to ensure the national interest in bargaining between policymakers and public variables emanating from the heart of society, namely think tanks, think tanks, media, non-governmental organizations, unions and guilds, parties and think tanks. Their role in EU foreign policy on JCPOA is the subject of this article.The European Union, one of the most important players in the international system since its inception and one of the most influential in ensuring international peace and security, has also made resolving the Iranian nuclear issue, which has been one of the main challenges in this field for the past 20 years, a priority. This article examines the structure and process of foreign policy of the Union and their relationship with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Program to recognize the role and impact of public variables in the BRICS and the result on the importance and influence of these variables in concluding the agreement. Its implementation and maintenance are emphasized by mentioning the details.

In this study, six extracting method of infiltration equation in furrow in Lavark field of Isfahan University of technology was performed and the rate of surface storage change has been calculated. . Information were collected, among three replications and five furrow irrigation event, double ring test, include cross-section, advance, recession, inflow and outflow rates, in addition to infiltration changes in submerged static condition and hydraulic conductivity of soil. The results were analyzed using a randomized complete block design. the study of infiltration process related to the various equations showed that there is high statistically significant difference at level of one percent in estimation of average infiltration in different time intervals of five using these equations. The most infilteration rate is related to volume balance equation and the least value was observed in input-output method results.On the other hand,According to result,the errors least(nearly zero) related to modified double ring equation.In fact, this equations,according to modified with the measured amount of water infiltration and the average infiltration time taken them, For the duration of the tests (average time of about one hour influence) is very near the measured values have been obtained on the farm. Generally, the equations with polynomial-power function estimated greater infiltration rate than simple power equations. This study showed that it is necessary to operate the farm experimentals corresponding with the applicational conditions of farm.

Political socialization is the basic for social security, which is one of the essential needs of society and the transfer of the strengths, stability and continuity of any political system. No doubt that ignoring it will increase the indifference of the people of society towards the fate of the country and their vulnerability to the false propaganda of the enemies. The present paper, which is the result of research in this context, examines the role of service training in the maintenance and development of social security with the political socialization approach. This research has dealt with the qualitative method, descriptive method with content analysis tools and the comments of five elites and high ranking military leaders and decision makers in the area of service. To achieve the goal by using the interview method, gathering information and analyzing the data, we examine the issue significantly and ultimately to the results of current policies regarding the current policies for political socialization. In order to collect data, the interview method was used. As evident in the final assessment of the interview conducted with the officials and policy makers, there is a great deal of respect for the components of our formation, values and political beliefs, service to the top of the homeland, and adherence to commitments, action and behavior that we have desired, and there is less attention in training the component of the political participation and the component of respect for the sovereignty of the political system.