علیرضا سوری

Specific challenges are associated with the interaction of neural implants with human tissue and the central nervous system, primarily arising from the complex interactions between implant materials and the biological tissues of the nervous system. This paper examines the critical role of protein-containing ceramic coatings in enhancing the biocompatibility of these implants. Proteins on the implant surface and in the surrounding environment significantly influence the body's response to the implant, affecting crucial processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, and tissue integration. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and functions of these proteins in ceramic coatings is essential for improving biocompatibility. The design of ceramic coatings that incorporate proteins such as collagen and whey protein, inspired by components of the natural extracellular matrix, along with advanced surface modification techniques like self-assembled monolayers, hydrogel coatings, and nanoscale surfaces, can lead to the development of more effective neural implants. These coatings enhance the immediate tissue response to implants through surface chemistry, improve interactions between the implant surface and damaged neural tissue, and increase their stability and long-term performance. These characteristics are vital for various applications, including neural prosthetics, brain implants, and neurobiological research. Ultimately, this research underscores the importance of designing protein-containing ceramic coatings to improve the quality of life for individuals with neurological disorders and pave the way for more innovative treatments.

Increasing the thickness of the oxide layer on the surface of the titanium alloy by electrochemical processes such as anodizing, leads to improved corrosion resistance and ultimately increase the lifespan of titanium implants in the human body. Among the parameters affecting the properties of the anodized layer, process voltage is of great importance with respect to kinetic and thermodynamic processes. In this paper, titanium substrate is subjected to anodizing process in sulfuric acid solution by different voltages such as 3, 6, 9 and 21 volts, electrolyte temperature of 60 ° C and duration of 30 seconds. Then the fuzzy, structural and morphological behavior, as well as the corrosion behavior of the coating are evaluated by GIXRD, FESEM and electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solutionat 37 °C, respectively. GIXRD and FESEM analyzes show the formation of a titanium oxide coating with a hexagonal structure, which with increasing voltage up to 6 volts, a smoother and smoother surface was obtained, but further increase of voltage up to 9 and 21 volts, resulted in a rougher surface. Also, the results of corrosion behavior showed that increasing the anodizing voltage up to 6 volts due to the presence of a more uniform and smoother surface, which indicates less surface imperfections, led to the highest load transfer resistance in 1 and 24 hours of immersion in SBF solution at 37354 And 58127 (Ω .Cm2 ) compared to other anodized samples.

The ZnO films and ZnO films doped with Al were deposited on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Films were annealed in an electrical furnace with Ar atmosphere at three different temperatures 400, 500, and 600 oC. The values of optical density of ZnO films were greater than respect to ZnO films doped with Al. With increasing annealing temperature, the lateral size values of nanoparticles for ZnO films were increased. The ZnO films annealed at 400 ⁰C have minimum value of the nanoparticles lateral size in about of 22.59 nm.  The ZnO films doped with Al and annealed at 600 ⁰C have maximum value of the nanoparticles lateral size in about of 22.59 nm.  Changes in the height of the scanned surface of the layers indicated that the zinc oxide film has a sharp jump of 25nm at room temperature. Also, the ZnO films doped with aluminum at 600 °C have less ups and downs than other temperatures and the height is around 6 nm. With increasing the annealing temperature, the fractal dimensions’ values of the zinc oxide films were decreased.

Nowadays, suitable protective properties of tantalum nitride coatings, such as hardness, abrasion resistance and high corrosion resistance lead to increasing its application in medical engineering and improving the biological behavior of titanium and its alloys. In this research, nanostructured tantalum nitride coating was applied on the NiTi alloy by magnetron sputtering method. Then, the phase, structural and morphological properties of coating were investigated by using XPS, FESEM, AFM, respectively, as well as the nanomechanical properties of the coating were evaluated by using Nano-scanning and nano-scratch methods in different loads.
The results indicate that applying the uniform, homogeneous and crack free tantalum nitride coating with a thickness of 1050 nm. The hardness and elastic modulus of coating is 12.6 and 87.4 GPa under the applied force of 1000 μm and the penetration depth of 91 nm, respectively, which resulted in enhancing the hardness of NiTi alloy surface, about 34%. The coefficient of friction is 0.28 and the dominated wear mechanism of nanostructured tantalum nitride coating is abrasive wear with shearing mechanism.

Due to ultra-high flexural flexibility, shape memory effect, high damping properties, corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility, the nitinol alloys (NiTi) are widely used in the manufacture of medical and biocompatible materials, such as stent, orthopedic implants and surgical instruments. But one of the most important problems of NiTi alloy is the release of nickel ions due to the destruction of the surface, which these ions can interfere with the enzymatic processes involved in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. The applied coating and ion implantation is one of the most important methods for improving the surface and behavior of the NiTi alloy. In this study, surface of NiTi alloy was modified by carbon plasma immersion ion implantations (CPIII). Then nanomechanical properties of coating were surveyed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nano-indentation, nano-scratch methods, and also corrosion behavior was investigated by polarization test in 0.5 M NaCl solution. The results indicate a completely homogeneous, uniform and free surface imperfection with a carbon ion implantation depth of about 50 nm, and decreased average surface roughness from 34to 25 nm. The ion implantation process resulted in increasing the hardness and elastic modulus of 80.7% and 21.8%, respectively, and reducing the average friction coefficient from 0.21 to 0.16, and also making dominant the shear wearing mechanism, with a 85% increase in corrosion resistance efficiency.

In recent years, using additives and different components to improve quality and nutritional properties of macaroni have been used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enrichment with Dunaliella salina microalgae powder and potato fiber on physicochemical and sensory properties of macaroni. For this purpose, different levels of these two additives (0.5, 1, 1.5% and combined concentration) were replaced with semolina flour in macaroni formulation and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of all treatments were studied. The obtained results of chemical tests showed that increasing potato fiber and algae powder levels in formulation lead to increase the content of moisture, ash and fiber in samples. By adding the different levels of potato fiber in macaroni, protein content significantly was decreased (p<0.05), but, significant changes in the amount of fat was not observed. However, by increasing the D. salina algae powder in formulation, the amounts of protein and fat were increased. The hardness amounts of samples containing different levels of potato fiber and algae powder were lower when compared with those of control sample. By adding potato fiber to macaroni formulation, the L* amount was increase, but the b* amount was decreased. The results of sensory evaluation of macaroni samples showed that treatments containing high levels of D. salina algae powder (1 and 1.5%) had lower scores than other samples. With the exception of the samples containing 1 and 1.5% alae powder, other examples in terms of sensory characteristics were acceptable. From the above results it can be concluded that the addition of D. salina algae and potato fiber to macaroni improved the cooking property and nutritional quality of the macaroni products. Finally, the combined sample containing 0.5% potato fiber and 0.5% D. salina algae powder can be introduced as the best treatment in this study.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults worldwide is known to be a critical health determinant that begins in childhood and continues most of the time until adulthood. Brain Drived Nurotrophic Factor Growth Factor (BDNF) stimulates and activates neuronal stem cells that proliferates and differentiates neurons, and is essential for the regulation of neurodevelopment to improve function and structure in neural circuits, learning and memory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of intensive training of High Intensity Interval Ttraining (HIIT) and omega-3 on BDNF in blood plasma of inactive boys.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 non-athletic students of high school were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to four groups of HIIT, omega-3 supplementation, Exercise + Supplement, HIIT Exercise, and Omega-3 Supplement and Control. The training group performed HIIT exercises three sessions per week with 80 to 90% of VO2max. Omega-3 supplements and placebo received two capsules daily for lunch. One-way ANOVA and post-test LSD test were used for statistical comparison of mean difference between groups (P <0.05).

Results showed that after doing of intervention there were significant changes in the amount of plasma BDNF levels in groups under study. Plasma BDNF levels was significantly higher in the HIIT exercise group compared to the placebo and supplementation groups. Also, the level of this index was significantly higher in the combination group [HIIT exercise plus Omega-3 supplementation] than the supplementation group, but the level of plasma BDNF level in the combination group[HIIT exercise plus omega-3 supplementation] was not significantly different from that of the control and HIIT exercise group.

Considering results acquired appears seems HIIT exercises alone and combination group [HIIT exercises plus omega-3 supplementation] have the positive effect on the amount of plasma BDNF levels in inactive teens.

Accident-induced disability and death in women causes undesirable effects and imposes significant costs on individuals, families, and society; this is because of the critical role of women in family and community.  This study aimed to investigate the accidents in women living in Qazvin Province, Iran, and its related risk factors from 2006 to 2015. This descriptive study was conducted on 61954 women referring to hospitals due to accidents in Qazvin Province. The obtained data were analyzed using frequency distribution, Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis. The prevalence rate of accidents among women was 14.1%. Most of the accidents occurred in the age of 19-28 years, in the spring, and in the neighborhoods of the injured women. Trauma (25.3%), and traffic accidents (20.1%) were the leading causes of accidents in the studied women.  Injuries, and accidents among women living in Qazvin Province had a high incidence; mostly women in the younger age groups were affected. Therefore, considering the importance of protecting the health of female population in promoting health and maintaining public safety, planning for the prevention of accidents and incidents in this population is crucial.

Children, due to their insufficient risk detection, are more vulnerable to accidents than adults.
The present study has been done to explore the prevalence of accidents and related factors among children under five years old from 2006 to 2016 in Qazvin.
This descriptive-analytic study concluded all 18184 children who had exposure to accidents during study time section from 2006 to 2016. All recorded data in Health Information System (HIS) of Qazvin Health Management Office were probed to explore the target figures, and then were entered in a qualified checklist. All data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and Multinomial Logistic Regression.
Findings: The prevalence rate of accidents in the target children was eight percent, which more than half (62.9 %) were taken place in boys. Accidents in children before one year old (31.4 %), and home accidents (46.5%) were the most prevalent one. In addition to these, the rates of Trauma, Fallings, and Traffic accidents were 31.8%, 15.6%, 14.9%, respectively. The most prevalent time of accident was summer (29.7%), especially in July (12.1%).
The risk of accidents in the young children, and boys are more than others. Unsafe home environment, motor vehicles accidents, and doing unsafe behaviors are the main causes for increasing the risk. Yet, application of some programs such as; mothers’ education, administration of traffic rules may decrease the risk of accidents in the children.

Nanocomposite ceramic-based coatings, due to its high hardness and wear resistance, are improved wear behavior of aluminum and its alloys. In this study, zirconia nanocomposite coating applied on Al 2024 by using sol-gel method and dip coating process with the use of zirconium propoxide and aluminum tri-sec butylate. Then phase, structural and morphology properties of coatings evaluated by using GIXRD, FTIR, FESEM, AFM, as well as nano-mechanical properties of coatings were investigated by using nano-scratch and nano-indentation at two different loads, such as 50 and 60 mN. Results indicated that the formation of a homogeneous, smooth and low cracked ziconia-alumina nanocomposite coating with a thickness of approximately 800 nm. The presence of alumina cause to enhance the mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus to 1.15 and 15 GPa, respectively, resulting in improve the wear behavior of coating with the friction coefficient of 0.51 and dominate the abrasive with shear mechanism.

In this work, fractal dimensions and electrical conductivity of carbon–nickel films deposited at deposition times from 50 to 600 second were investigated. Because of the existence of fractal components in the surface topographies, the power spectra densities (PSDs) of all films show inverse power law variation at the high spatial frequency region. The fractal dimensions and the topography carbon-nickel films from 50 to 180 second are increased however; at 600 second these characteristics are decreased. It was observed that with increasing deposition time from 50 to 180 second, the room temperature electrical conductivity (σRT) of films increases from 2.87x10-9 to 2.3x10-8 Ω-1 cm-1 and then decreases to 6.62x10-9 Ω-1 cm-1 for films deposited at 600 second. Fractal dimensions and the room temperature electrical conductivity are in consistent with field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM) images.

Drivers due to their working conditions such as job stress, lack of exercises, working time and dietary habits are more at risk for heart diseases, especially metabolic syndrome and its components. this study was aimed to investigate the demographic and life style status of public transportation bus drivers.
This cross-sectional study was done in 2014-2015 on 2416 bus drivers selected by random classification method across the Iran. Demographic and other required data were collected using self-made questionnaire. Frequency tables, chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to analysis of data.
The mean body mass index of participants was 26.38±2.1, and 422 cases (3.85%) had normal BMI, 1862 cases (78%) were overweight and 92 cases (3.85%) were obese. Also 65.56% and 8.54% of participants had normal and borderline blood pressure, respectively. Of 2416 drivers, 68.5% were cigarette smokers, 41.4% were addicted to opium, 29.4% had high risk sexual behaviors, and 36.8% drunk alcohol which statistically ignificant relation was found between the number of cigarettes consumed and accident history (p Driver’s attention to self-care and doing interventional and regulated programs in preventive on opium use, smoking and alcohol, as well as the compulsory put of condoms in first aid kit can help the drivers and passengers healthy.

Crises are unavoidable realties in the social life of nations and they reveal leaders’ prudence, management power, courage, wisdom and power of dealing with problems. During the history, no issuehas been scrutinized by scholars and political theorists as much as ‘leadership in man’s social life’. In fact, the essence and political management of leaders can be summarized in control of crises as imprudence and incompetence of leaders in handling crises results in the downfall and destruction of a nation. One of the biggest crises in the history of the Islamic Republic is the 2009 post-elections crisis. In this context, the capacity, efficiency and thinking power of the Supreme Leaderin the face of complex and multifaceted challenges were materialized and his logic, wisdom and foresight were demonstrated. The aim of this study is to evaluate and explicate the great role of the Supreme Leader and his management style in containing and controlling the crisis following the 2009 presidential elections.

Crisis is an inevitable reality in social life. Crises are inherently a context for threats and opportunities which, depending on the type, severity and extent of crisis environment, can put political systems and leaders in difficult and precarious circumstances. Stressing social crises, this article intends to deal with the principles, fundamentals of and approaches to crisis management. The results reveal that the most important element of crisis management is understanding the principles and causes of crises. In McCarthy’s words, the main purpose of crisis management is to find a reasonable solution to remove the unusual circumstances so that the fundamental values and interests can be maintained.
Given the multiplicity of limitations in crisis conditions (short decision-making and response time, surprise and limited access to information), crisis managers should not mistake mistakes in diagnosing crises and crisis situations and using crisis analysis and understanding the basic elements of the crisis (crisis nature, crisis history, crisis resources, extent of the crisis, etc.), they should establish a correct course of action in order to control and manage the crisis. The four factors of human, culture of the community, structure and strategy are essential in crisis conditions and the more deeply the managers understand these four factors, the more effectively and successfully they can manage and control crisis conditions. To successfully manage crises, a crisis manager needs to follow a systematic approach based on the least damage and the principle of continuous improvement and constantly hunt for the early signs of a potential crisis so that he/she can control crisis with the least damage. Hence, dealing with different principles of and approaches to crisis management is one of the significant issues of the present article.