غلامحسین پورتقی

Fitting the human to the job is one of the most important goals of ergonomics so that a person can work in a work environment commensurate with his energy. Diet and nutrition are among the most important factors affecting the physical and cognitive function of individuals. Therefore, estimating the amount of energy intake by people and improving nutrition services will be effective in people's performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the energy intake by soldiers during the training course and determine the effect of the training course on their physical work capacity.

This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, 150 male personnel of the army and corps infantry, including soldiers and officers, were examined. The energy intake was assessed through the specialized Nutrition4 diet analysis software. Physical work capacity was also measured at the beginning and end of the training using a treadmill.

The results of this study showed that the amount of energy intake by personnel through food is 3252 kcal, which is less than the amount required by personnel to perform the physical activities assigned to them. It was also found that the physical work capacity and maximum aerobic capacity of the staff increased during this training course (P<0.05). Evaluation of measured heart rate values (before and after the test) at the beginning and end of the training period showed that the heart rate at the end of the training period decreased significantly (P<0.05).

By increasing the energy intake through food, in addition to meeting the basic needs of personnel, the ability to perform combat activities can be increased. Also, according to the obtained results, the aerobic capacity of individuals decreases with increasing age. In the training courses of older soldiers, their intensity of physical activity should be reviewed to reduce fatigue and the possibility of reducing mass index Physically prevent.

Recently, the sound level of military vehicles has increased significantly. Verbal communication is very important for the personnel working in these vehicles. The exchange of information between soldiers inside the vehicle as well as with the outside world, which is done using radio channels and internal communication systems, requires the ability to speak and hear properly. In military environments, armored personnel carriers (APC) are one of the most practical vehicles used, and the health and exposure to the sound pressure of the people inside the cabins of these tanks are very important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different adsorbents on noise reduction in armored personnel carriers.

The present study was a cross-sectional and interventional study on 3 armored personnel carriers (BMP1) in 2018. Sound pressure level inside the cabin was measured (according to BS6086 -1981 [ISO5128-1980] standard) in 3 states include a. on and off mode of the tank with engine speed of 100 to 1200 rpm, b. standby mode with engine speed of 1400 rpm and c. moving mode at a speed of 15 km/hr tank with engine speed 1600 to 2000 rpm. In order to perform the intervention and reduce costs and evaluate the efficiency of adsorbents in reducing the sound pressure level, a room made of the main body of the tank, which was made of iron, was prepared in smaller dimensions. The sound was generated inside the chamber and after installing the absorbent material, the amount of sound pressure level reduction was measured. Selected absorbent materials were included Polyurethane foam with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 2.5 cm, Polyurethane foam with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 4.2 cm, Glasswool with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 3.2 cm, Polyethylene foam with a density of 20 kg/cm2 and thickness of 2 cm, and felt with thickness 0.8 cm. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of 0.05.

The equivalent sound pressure level increased from 93.8 dBA in a standstill to 101.6 dBA in standby mode, and in the state of motion, this level increased to 107 dBA. The corresponding total sound pressure level increased from 93 dBA in a standstill to 98 dBA in standby mode and increased at a speed of 15 km/h to 104 dBA. The equivalent level of sound exposure in the chamber without adsorbent materials was considered 110 dBA, when using the felt as an absorbent material, this level dropped to 98 dBA. When the polyethylene foam was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 102 dBA. When the glass wall was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 97 dBA. When the polyurethane foam with a thickness of 2.5 cm was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 95 dBA. When the polyurethane foam with a thickness of 4.2 cm was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 93.2 dBA.

The condition of the motor of the device and the condition of the chains are the most important factors in the difference in the level of equivalent sound pressure in the three mentioned conditions. The best material for installation inside the cabin to reduce the sound pressure level is polyurethane oval foam with a density of 12 kg/m2 and 4.2 cm thickness. This material reduces the equivalent level of sound exposure from 110 dBA to 94 dBA.

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical conditions and occupational fitness of patients with Covid 19 when returning to work.

In this cross-sectional study, the files of all recovered employees from Covid 19 who had referred to an occupational medicine center during one year were included in the study. Reasons for disqualification for return to work was designed as increased CRP, failure to improve signs and symptoms for at least the last 72 hours, decreased oxygen saturation, incompatibility of medical conditions (disorders and complications caused by Covid 19) with occupational tasks and other paraclinical disorders except for increased CRP. Variables affecting return to work were statistically analyzed in a regression model.

The mean age of individuals with a population of 1243 was 41.82 8 8.00 years. Among all individuals 245 cases (19.71%) were not permitted to return to work after quarantine period. Male gender, hospitalization at the time of illness, history of comorbid disease, symptomatic disease, and increased CRP increase the chance of not returning to work after quarantine.

Numerous variables affect the timely return to work after Covid 19. Lifestyle upgrades can be effective in getting back to work on time after getting Covid 19. In addition, rapid diagnosis and treatment of illnesses that result in milder symptoms and no need for hospitalization may facilitate on time return to work.

Exposure to hand-arm vibration is a common physical harmful factor. Floating jobs and working in small boats are among the jobs that people are always exposed to a high level of vibration and noise. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects caused by vibration on the drivers of military speedboats.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study. In this study, 52 drivers of military speedboats were selected as the case group and 27 as the control group. In this study, demographic variables questionnaire, DASH questionnaire and grip strength test (grip and pinch) of fingers and hands were used. All analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed that the symptoms of vibration disorders in the case group are more than the control group. The case group, due to their higher score, is in a worse situation in terms of inability to arm, shoulder and hand compared to the control group. The mean grip strength of hands and fingers in both hands was lower in the case group than in the control group. There is a statistically significant relationship between the grip strength of the case and control groups.

Physical function is reduced in people exposed to vibration. Dash score level and grip strength can be used as a predictor of reduced physical disability.

medical centers are among the most important healthcare facilities where following safety rules is of great importance because of the potential hazards existing in such places. Following safety rules is for preventing or reducing accidents by removing or controlling hazards. This research aims to identify and assessment the risks related to the intensive care unit (ICU); a case study in Loghman Hakim hospital, department of brain and neurosurgery, by using energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA).

this is a descriptive-analytical study done on the ICU of Loghman Hakim hospital (department of brain and neurosurgery) in order to identify and assessment the risks by the use of ETBA method in 2019. All data were analyzed by using SPSS 23 software, then the central criteria were used for data description, and analytical criteria were used for analyzing the data.

according to the filled-out ETBA worksheets, 10 energy types and 35 risks were identified. As shown in MIL-STD882B, 13 risks were at the unacceptable level, 17 risks undesirable, and 5 risks acceptable with conditions.

the most dangerous identified energies in the ICU have included the explosion of pressured cylinders, electrocution, fire caused by electricity, slipping, falling off the bed because there is no bed-side closed sign, infections, and medical wastes. Considering the sensitivity of the participants under the study and also high probability of unacceptable risks, controlling actions, corrective actions, appropriate management techniques for making the environment safe and reducing the probability of accidents have been implemented so that both patients and staff would be safe.

Bio-aerosols are one of the most important transmitters of infectious diseases in hospitals. One of the most important ways to prevent the transfer of bio-aerosols in hospitals is the use of breathing masks. The ability to absorb the corona virus was examined.

In this cross-sectional study, 4 types of high-consumption masks were purchased in Baqiyatallah Hospital. Samples were tested separately by a sub-micron particle refining measuring device (GRIMM) according to ISIRI 6138 and American DOP. The efficiency and drop in air pressure in them were determined and the results were reported by.

In this study, the efficiency of internal mask fabrics in particles with a range of 0.3 to 2 microns varies from a minimum of 41.5% and a maximum of 99.5%. The highest efficiency of fabric screening in the studied particles is related to the white cortex fabric of the masks. The highest pressure drop is related to the black cortex fabric of the masks and the lowest pressure drop is related to the mask fabric of N95 spunband and Mellat Blon three layers (I98-2710-2).

This study showed that white mask cortex fabrics (I98-2710-4) have better performance than other mask fabrics for corona virus protection, however, they still cannot provide the standard pressure drop.

 The requirements of the armed forces, including naval units, boats, large and small vessels, and ships. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical condition of the workplace ergonomic problems and the lack of fit personnel in small boats of armed forces.

 (QEC) A rapid assessment method, which is one of the valid methods to assess exposure to ergonomic risk factors used in this study. QEC method was used in this study. This comprehensive assessment method provides exposure to ergonomic factors. The 48 employees working on small ships offshore floating units were selected randomly. Ergonomic aspects of the different components of the vessel and determine compliance and non-compliance with the specifications of individual components were studied. Work-related musculoskeletal problems and disorders were evaluated using standardized examinations by a doctor and Nordic questionnaires.

 The mean age of the study staff 25.3year (SD=7.55). Younger than 30 years with 35 patients (73%) had the highest frequency. The remainder (n=13) in groups of over thirty years. The means height was 174.1 Cm and the weight was 71.3 Kg. QEC method ergonomic evaluation results showed that the majority of staff floating high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders are limited. According to the results of the Nordic questionnaire, 38 patients (79%) of employees have musculoskeletal disorders and 10 patients (21%) do not have any complications. Flotation and military jobs, especially in small vessels poor ergonomic factors causing damage or injury to personnel float.

Decision: 

The people are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Noise levels and vibration up with work while standing increases the likelihood of the harm to far. The important problem of the staff was working hours and away from the sea of ​​other amenities on cruise ships are. The fleet that has seats are wooden and dry thick elastic coatings appropriate to reduce the vibration and the impact on the body.

Formaldehyde is a hazardous compound that used as a chemical preservative and disinfectant in medical laboratories and hospitals. The aim of this study was to risk assessment of occupational exposure to formaldehyde in different educational hospitals of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in Tehran.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 72 staffs of different sections of four hospitals. To determine the formaldehyde concentration in the air, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health method 3500 was used. The risk assessment conducted in accordance with the proposed method by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

In this study, the Time Weighted Average of 8 hours has a range of 0.01 to 0.08 ppm. The findings showed that the average estimated risk of cancer incidence varies from 1.4×10-4 to 30 × 10-4 for the staff of the hospitals studied and was more than the recommended value (10-6) in the Environmental Protection Agency. the average potential dose varies from 124 to 1149. Based on the results, there is a significant difference between the cancer risk and the potential dose in different hospitals and sections. Also, the maximum average of carcinogenic risk and the potential dose were 30 and 57.5 times higher than the definite risk and the acceptable limit, respectively.

Due to the high risk of formaldehyde, engineering and management control measures are required to protect the staffs.