غلامرضا شریف زاده

Postpartum pain or uterine contractions is one of the common problems of the postpartum period, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of mothers. Considering the side effects caused by the use of chemical drugs, as well as mothers' anxiety and worry about the medicinal effects of drugs for themselves and their babies, today mothers' desire to use complementary medicine to relieve postpartum pain has increased. The present study was conducted with aim to compare the effect of Nigella sativa vs. menstrogel and mefenamic acid on postpartum pain.

This triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 60 multiparous women referring to Walie Asr maternity hospital in Birjand city who gave birth naturally and complained of postpartum pain. The women were randomly assigned to three groups of Nigella sativa, menstrogel, and mefenamic acid capsules and they took capsules every 6 hours for 24 hours. Pain intensity was measured before each dose and one hour later. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and ANOVA, chi-square, paired t-test, post hoc Benferroni tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.

The mean score of pain intensity before and after the intervention in the first round did not differ significantly in the three groups (p>0.05), while the results of the analysis of variance showed that the pain intensity has a significant difference in the three groups in the second round after the intervention (p=0.02), the third round after the intervention (p=0.002) and the fourth round after the intervention (p<0.05), and the intensity of pain was less in the Nigella sativa and menstrogel group than the mefenamic acid group, and the consumption of additional painkillers was also lower.

Nigella sativa and menstrogel can be used as an effective herbal medicine to reduce the intensity of postpartum pain.

Pregnancy is a particularly sensitive period in a woman's life, during which marital satisfaction can fluctuate due to various physical and psychological changes. It is essential to implement measures that enhance marital satisfaction during this time. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of virtual lifestyle education based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory on the marital satisfaction of pregnant women in Ferdows city.

This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 with 90 pregnant women attending health centers. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received lifestyle training based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory over four weeks, with sessions held twice a week.The study utilized Inrich's questionnaires to assess demographic characteristics and marital satisfaction, which were completed before the intervention, immediately after, and one month later. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and appropriate statistical tests.

In this study, the demographic characteristics of both groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The marital satisfaction score prior to the intervention was 135.02 ± 10.27 in the intervention group and 137.04 ± 8.52 in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference (P = 0.31). However, immediately after the intervention, marital satisfaction increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). This increase was also significant one month after the intervention (P < 0.001).

Virtual lifestyle training based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory is effective in improving the marital satisfaction of pregnant women.

Leishmania is one of the indigenous diseases of Iran, which is endemic in 18 provinces of the country. It is necessary to carry out an educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of this disease in endemic areas. The present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. 

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial on 80 male students of the First secondary level school in Shahin shahr in 2022. The students were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data were collected based on a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests of repeated analysis of variance, independent t-test and post hoc Ben Feroni. Significance level was considered at 0.05.

Before the educational intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of demographic information and the scores of the constructs of the HBM (p>0.05). Immediately and three months after the educational intervention, the mean scores of the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, behavior and perceived benefits increased significantly in the intervention group (p>0.05), but there were not a statistically significant difference in the constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action (p>0/05).

The results of the present study showed the effect of educational intervention based on the preventive behaviors of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. Of course, due to the lack of impact of the intervention on the perceived barriers, it is necessary to pay attention to non-educational interventions such as allocating subsidies for the purchase of protective equipment, especially in deprived areas, in addition to educational interventions.

<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Introduction</span></span></span>: The unexpected and unprecedented crisis of the Covid-19 epidemic and little information about how this epidemic can affect the mental health of medical and nursing students has made it necessary to investigate the variables of the mental health of this group.</span></span></span> This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between the fear of covid-19 contagion and the mental health of medical students.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Methods</span></span></span>: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical society of the study was made up of all students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (N=4000) in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of 436 students who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaire of fear of covid-19 contagion, emotional self-efficacy scale and mental health questionnaire.</span></span></span> Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and with the help of SPSS version 24 and LISREL 8.8 statistical software.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Results</span></span></span>: The findings showed that the direct path of fear of covid-19 contagion to emotional self-efficacy was negative and significant (p< 0.01) and to mental health was positive and significant (p< 0.05).</span></span></span> The direct path of emotional self-efficacy to mental health was negative and significant (p< 0.01).</span> In addition, it was found that the indirect relationship between fear of covid-19 contagion and mental health in medical students is mediated by emotional self-efficacy (GFI= 0.97, CFI= 0.99, IFI= 0.98, NNFI= 0.98, RMSEA= 0.039).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,">Conclusion</span></span></span>: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the effect of fear of covid-19 contagion on the mental health in medical students is moderated by emotional self-efficacy.</span></span></span> The findings have practical applications in the field of education of medical students during epidemic periods.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Pregnancy is associated with many physical and mental changes. These changes can lead to sexual dysfunction. Targeted and appropriate training can be effective in reducing this disorder. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of sexual health empowerment based on the James Brown model on the sexual performance of pregnant women.

This study was a randomized controlled field trial was conducted in 2018 on 68 pregnant women referring to health centers. The women were placed in two intervention and control groups, and the intervention group was given 4 training sessions based on the James Brown model. Evaluation of sexual function before, two weeks and one month after the intervention was done with the FSFI tool. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20) and Statistical tests . p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the sexual function score of pregnant women in two groups were homogeneous with independent t-test (P=0.081). 2 weeks after the intervention, the difference in the total score of sexual performance between the intervention and control groups was significant (P<0.001) and one month later between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

Sexual health education based on the James Brown model is effective on the sexual performance of pregnant women, so by training based on this model, it is possible to increase awareness and then improve the sexual performance of pregnant women.

Background & Aims:

 Caring for a patient undergoing hemodialysis is a stressful experience that causes a heavy care burden. With the outbreak of COVID-19, family caregivers of these patients had increased worry about the risk of infection in the dialysis centers. This fear can make their care burden heavier. This study aims to investigate the impact of coping skills training on the care burden experienced by family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Materials & Methods:

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 on 60 family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Comprehensive Treatment Center for Special Diseases in Birjand, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received coping skills training in six sessions. All participants completed the Zarit burden interview before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSSsoftware, version 19.

Results :

The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic information (P>0.05). Both groups had a moderate to severe care burden before the intervention. A significant difference was reported in the care burden score of the intervention group after training (P<0.001).

Conclusion :

Coping skills training can reduce the care burden of the family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, coping skills training can be used by nursing managers to reduce the care burden of family caregivers of patients with hemodialysis.

Developing a vision without understanding the organizational culture is a failed attempt. The purpose of this research is to understand organizational culture for understanding expectations in order to prioritize issues and compare work groups by managers for greater productivity.

This study was carried out in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization between 2020 and 2022. The statistical population for this research was the employees of the central headquarters and the general administrations of blood centers, and 384 of them were included in the study using stratified random sampling. To collect the required data, a 60-question organizational culture questionnaire based on Denison's model was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (independent t, analysis of variance, Tukey and Pearson's coefficient) according to demographic variables, SPSS22 and Excel 2013 software were used.

The findings show that Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization has a medium/strong organizational culture with a score of 179.31 and the highest impact after mission with a score of 46.60. Also, the indicators of "customer orientation and development of capabilities" need to be improved.

Conclusions  :

According to the findings, most employees have understood the vision, strategic intentions and mission of the organization, but their capabilities are not well seen. According to the score of customer orientation, the skills and abilities of the employees should be developed by using retraining courses, while motivating the personnel, respecting the clients, and the provinces should take advantage of the experiences.

Misinterpretation of the ECG can lead to serious clinical errors. Social networks with sharing features enable creativity and innovation in education. The aim of this study was the compare the effect of social-networking-based teaching and workshop-based teaching on emergency nurse ECG interpretation skills.

This was three groups pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with a control group. Three hospitals were randomly divided into three groups: control, workshop, and WhatsApp. Nurses were selected by the available method. Before the intervention, a pre-test was taken from all three groups. The workshop group was taught through the workshop and the based on social networks group was taught through WhatsApp. After the end of the training, a post-test was taken from all three groups and the amount of skill score changes in each group was compared with other groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 software and (P<0.05).

Comparison of the average skill score in all three study groups: control (t=2.71, P=0.011), workshop (t=2.58, P=0.016), and WhatsApp (t= 5.03, P< 0.001) had a significant increase before and after the intervention. The average comparison of skill score changes in the WhatsApp group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P = 0.044). There was a significant difference between the average score of the ECG interpretation skill between the WhatsApp and control groups (P = 0.022) and between the WhatsApp and workshop groups (P = 0.039).

Considering that the score of the ECG interpretation skills of the WhatsApp group nurses was higher. Therefore, social networks can represent the new method of education along with other educational methods and be effective in improving the education process.

Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs at any time and place. Most of cardiac arrests happen in places outside the hospital without access to experienced people. If the family members have the ability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, they can prevent brain death in the golden time. This study aims to assess the effect of virtual cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on the self-efficacy of family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. 

This is a randomized controlled field trial that was conducted on 60 family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to the heart clinic of Razi Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2021. They were selected by a random sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of training (n=30) and control(n=30). They completed a demographic form and the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean posttest score of self-efficacy in the training and control groups were 4.15±0.49 and 3.12±0.58, respectively, which was significantly different (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the pretest score of self-efficacy between the training (2.97±0.82) and control (3.09±0.64) groups (P=0.53).

Virtual cardiopulmonary resuscitation training has a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Virtual education can be effective due to lower costs and higher efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended for planners to use this method of education in their policies for cardiovascular diseases.

Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with modern educational tools is very important to save the lives of people who need CPR in the adolescent age group. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of CPR training by face-to-face and electronic methods on the skills of secondary school students.

The statistical population included all nursing students of Tabas School of Nursing in 2018.  Sixty-two samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were assigned to  two groups of electronic education (31 people) and face-to-face education (31 people). The data collection tool was a questionnaire which included a demographic section and a checklist of CPR and Automated external defibrillator (AED) skills related to CPR. Then, both groups completed the questionnaires before, one week after, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and independent t-test was used after ensuring normality. A significance level of P> 0.05 was considered.

The average score of CPR skill before the intervention and one week after the intervention in both electronic and face-to-face training groups had no statistically significant difference (P=0.412). In both electronic and face-to-face training methods, the average CPR skill score increased significantly before and two months after the intervention, and the average score of the face-to-face training group was higher (P=0.05).

Considering the higher mean intervention scores in both electronic and face-to-face education methods, it seems that the educational intervention after two months has improved the level of students' knowledge and skills in the field of CPR.

 In office tasks, pinch gripping of tools such as pen, paper, mouse, and keys are required during most working hours. This study aimed to determine the effect of demographic factors and working with a computer on office workers' hand grip and pinch strength.

 In this cross-sectional analytical study, after recording the demographic characteristics, the hand grip and pinch strength of 174 employees of 20 offices of Birjand city with at least 3 hours of daily computer work was measured using a Jamar hand dynamometer and Saehan pinch gauge. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16. In addition to descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

 The mean and standard deviation related to the age of the subjects were 37.5 ± 7.15 and 13 ± 7.35 years. The relationship between the hand grip and pinch strength with the variables of sex, height, weight, and Handedness (except the tip of the males) was significant (P<0.05), but with the variables of BMI, work experience, and age (except palmar of the dominant hand) was not significant. Computer work duration significantly affected the dominant hand's grip strength and both hands' palmar and tip pinch (P<0.05).

 The results of this study show the effect of computer work duration on reducing office workers' hand grip and pinch strength. Therefore, it is recommended to apply ergonomic principles to maintain hand grip and pinch strength of computer users.

Milk is a valuable food,that contains essential nutrients for the body,but this product is very perishable and has a short shelf life,so various adulterations may be done in it in order to more profit and increase the shelf life and also to covering the signs of spoilage.In this cross-sectional study,totally80samples(64samples of raw milk and16samples of pasteurized milk)were collected randomly from Birjand markets. All samples were tested in the food laboratory of South Khorasan provincial of standard and industrial research service for adulterations such as adding hydrogen peroxide,formalin, sodium hypochlorite,sodium bicarbonate,salt, starch and water to milk and removing the milk fat.Results of this study showed that water was not added to any of raw and pasteurized milk samples.The mean of fat and salt in raw milk samples was significantly higher and lower than the standard limits,respectively(P<0.001).Salt was not found in pasteurized samples. The mean of milk acidity after boiling,compared with before boiling, both in raw and pasteurized milk decreased significantly(P<0.05), but this decline was less than 1˚dornic.The mean of fat and salt in raw milk samples was significantly higher than pasteurized milk samples(P<0.001)but in terms of acidity before and after boiling,significant difference was not observed in raw and pasteurized milk samples(P>0.05).In terms of hydrogen peroxide,formalin,sodium hypochlorite and starch,any adulterations were not found in this study. Fortunately,the results of this research showed that in all samples of raw and pasteurized milk which collected from Birjand none of above mentioned adulterations was done and in this respect all samples were in appropriate conditions

Nitrite and nitrate are used in some products, such as sausages. Excessive consumption of these chemicals is hazardous for humans, so the use of these compounds must be within the standards ranges. The aim of this research was measurement of nitrite residue in meat products which were marketed in Tabas city. Totally100samples from four different meat products were collected randomly and studied in the food laboratory of South Khorasan provincial of standard and industrial research service by spectrophotometric method. Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 software. The statistical analysis of data showed that the nitrite content in Mortadella, dry sausages, Bockwursts and cocktail sausages was higher than Iranian standard limit in 24%, 16%, 12% and 4% of samples, respectively and in this regard, 14% of all samples were distinguished unusable. The average amount of nitrite in all samples was 72.33± 2.8ppm, moreover the highest and the lowest level of nitrite observed in Mortadella (92±4.7 ppm) and Cocktail sausages (52.1±3.04 ppm), respectively, also the average amount of nitrite in all samples and different brands, was lower than the Iranian standard limit, significantly (P<0.05). The results of this survey indicate that nitrite residue in 20% of Mortadella & dry sausage samples and 8% of Bockwursts & cocktail sausage samples were higher than the standard limit, so it is believed that stricter preventive measuring is necessary and partial replacement of nitrate with natural preservatives is also recommended

Communication skills are critical in the present era. Due to their professional position, dentists require competent skills for proper rapport with colleagues and patients. This study intended to determine the interpersonal communication skills and the related factors among dentists in Birjand, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on 120 general and specialist dentists who were selected through consensus sampling in Birjand. The standard Dental Consultation Communications Checklist (DCCC), with 31 items was used as the data collection tool, which was filled out by 99 participants. The data were analyzed through t-test and analysis of variance using SPSS software.

There were 44 (44.5%) general and specialist dentists with the age range of 30-39 years. The mean score of interpersonal communication skills was 75.114± 834.22 for general dentists and 73.123±226.19 among the specialist dentists. There was no statistically significant relationship between the variables of age, sex, academic rank and work experience with the dentists’ score of interpersonal communication skills. The mean score of the participants’ communication skills was significantly higher after having passed the communication skills training course (P-Value<0.05).

The results of the study detected that "communication skills" of dentists ranged from medium to high and due to the positive impact of training on communication skills, planning for courses on effective communication skills and holding practical workshops in this field should be prioritized to improve interpersonal communication among dentists.

The prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest depends on the provision of high quality cardiac massage and the nurses are expected to be able to provide high-quality cardiac massage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the quality of cardiac massage and its effective factors in 90 nurses of Birjand hospitals, Birjand, Iran, in 2019. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using the available sampling method. Moreover, four quality items of cardiac massage (depth, speed, full chest recoil, continuity) were examined using a Q-CPR device and extracting the percentage of optimal performance of each item. According to the obtained results, the Mean±SD of the total scores of cardiac massage quality, massage depth, continuity, speed, and full chest recoil were recorded at 30±15, 20±27, 21±20, 26±38 and, 22±35 by Q-CPR device. A significant increase was observed in the quality of massage in males compared to females, after passing a resuscitation workshop, and with the increase of education level (P=0.03). There was a significant difference between and the quality of cardiac massage measured by the Q-CPR devise after the cardiac resuscitation workshops and the quality of cardiac massage before the workshop (P=0.01). There was a significant association between the level of education and the quality of cardiac massage measured by the Q-CPR device (P=0.001). The results indicated that only 30% of cardiac massage performed by nurses was performed correctly, which was not desirable. Therefore, it is necessary to look for methods that lead to the higher efficiency of nurses in performing high-quality cardiac massage. It seems that there is a need for the use of audio and video feedback tools during the cardiac massage as well as resuscitation workshops with a skill-enhancing approach. Further studies are recommended to provide effective feedback to nurses and paramedics in order to observe the standards of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Mental health is one of the important dimensions of health and it is considered as one of the areas of health assessment in different societies. For any effective action in the first step, properly monitor the current situation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to Study and compare the stress, depression and emotional intelligence between students Birjand University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the population of our study was all students of different degrees of doctoral and undergraduate students at Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The school year was 1396-97. Sampling was done randomly. In this study, Beck depression questionnaire was used to assess the emotional intelligence. The standard questionnaire for SSEIT-33 was used to assess depression. The Dass 21 questionnaire was used to assess the stress. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18 software.

In the current study, the incidence of depression was 49.4% of which 21.9% had a mild depression, 9.8% had a moderate level of depression, and 17.7% of students had severe depression. In the present study, there was no significant difference between mean score of stress and depression with the students' level (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean score of intelligence and the students' level (P <0.05).

Regarding the prevalence of depression among students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, this rate is very high, which should be worried about the future of young people, especially medical students, and appropriate decisions and facilities to reduce the incidence of depression by relevant authorities.

Herpes simplex virus is considered one of the most common human infections in most parts of the world, among which, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most important human pathogenic viruses that cause numerous skin and oral lesions. Practitioners of the dental profession and related fields are in close contact with numerous patients referring to dental clinics and are at risk of cross-infection. Regarding this, one of the infections that dental professionals are exposed to is herpes simplex virus infection. This study aimed to evaluate the level of HSV1 antibody among dental students of Birjand in 2018-2019. This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran. After obtaining informed consent, a peripheral blood sample (5 ml) was collected from participants and the presence of anti-virus antibody was examined using an Anti-Herpes-1 IgG kit with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was revealed that 41% of the subjects had anti-herpes type 1 antibodies. Based on data analysis, the prevalence of HSV1 antibody was higher in pre-clinical and clinical level than in basic science; however, there was no significant relationship between studentschr('39') educational level and antibody prevalence.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of education of proper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on the dental plaque in high school students.

This study was carried out on 90 high school students who were selected randomly and then divided into three groups. Group one was the first intervention group (VR) that was introduced to oral hygiene through virtual reality training in one session (n=30). Group two was the second intervention group (Verbal) that was introduced to oral hygiene through verbal training in one session (n=30). Group three was the control group that received no training (n=30). Plaque index (PI) was recorded both before and after the intervention (after one month) using Quigley–Hein plaque index. Data were collected and then analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) at a significance level of 0.05.

In the VR group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P<0.001) after the intervention (1.92±0.77) in comparison to the baseline (2.69±0.62). Moreover, in the verbal training group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of PI (P=0.014) after the intervention (2.16±0.95), compared to the baseline (2.45±0.91). This difference was significant in the virtual reality and oral education group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Based on the findings, oral health education in general and virtual reality education, in particular, are effective in the removal of dental plaque and improvement of oral health.

The use of methods with minimal complications and risk is of utmost importance in the promotion of oral hygiene in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of patients under ventilator in the intensive care unit.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 eligible patients who were selected via available sampling method from among trauma patients in the ICU of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Birjand. They were assigned to two groups of chamomile extract 10% (n=25) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (n=25) by block randomization. In each group, the solution was used three times a day every 8 hours for 5 days. The instruments were the Backas Assessment Checklist (BOAS) and the Mucosal Plate (MPS).

In both groups, the mean total score of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque significantly decreased 2 and 5 days after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.001); nonetheless, the two groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean changes in the total scores of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque at different times in the two groups (P>0.05).

Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash have similar beneficial effects on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of ventilated patients admitted to the ICU.

Happiness and vitality are among the most important and effective components in the process of human life, without which activity, creativity, initiative, invention, and healthy life cannot be created. Happiness is a valuable tool for improving the personality and job performance of employees; meaning that happy people are more successful in the workplace. The creation of social vitality is the priority for comprehensive intervention in South Khorasan Province, Iran, for comprehensive intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the individual and organizational factors related to the social vitality of women working at the Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 214 females working at Birjand University of Medical Sciences selected using a systematic random sampling method in 2019. The 29-item Oxford Happiness Standard was used to collect data to measure social vitality.

The mean score of the femaleschr('39') happiness was estimated at 73.55±12.32 and the majority of the subjects had moderate happiness (60.3%). Moreover, most of the cases had not participated in happiness courses before (85.6%). The results also showed that happiness had no significant relationship with age, educational level, marital status, education level of the spouse, and occupation of spouse among the women (P>0.05); however, happiness showed a significant relationship with income and place of residence (P<0.05).

It seems that the social vitality of working women was moderate; in this respect, it is recommended to officials and planners implement educational interventions to improve the vitality of employees.

The National Program for Hospital Preparedness is a comprehensive and unified model for planning and responding to accidents and disasters in hospitals and health centers of the country. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of training nurses on The National Program for Hospital Preparedness in their preparedness for disasters and accidents.

The randomized controlled intervention study was performed on 62 nurses who were selected by the simple non-randomized sampling method. The research instrument was the Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire (READI). A one-day workshop was organized for nurseschr('39') preparedness for disasters in accordance with Hospital Preparedness National Program. The questionnaire was administered to case and control groups in three stages: before, immediately, and two months later. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher, independent t-test, and Bonferroni, and repeated measures ANOVA. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

As evidenced by the obtained results, the scores of clinical competence, managerial support, team cohesion, environmental competence, and survival skills increased after the educational intervention. Moreover, the total score of nurseschr('39') preparedness for disasters was improved from 191±28.4 to 193.4±36.3 and 208.4±35.4 immediately after the program and two months later, respectively (P<0.05).

Training on the National Program for Hospital Preparedness will further enhance nurseschr('39') preparedness levels. Due to the peculiar role of nurses in accidents, it is recommended that this program be integrated into nurses chr('39')training courses and studentschr('39') courses.

Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease, are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Recently, coronary intervention through the skin has been used for treatment, which has significantly reduced mortality rates. Nursing care behavior is of special importance in reducing the complications of angioplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of primary nursing care on the patients’ perception of nursing care behavior after coronary angioplasty.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 60 patients admitted from February 2018 to April 2018, to the CCU of Razi hospital in Birjand were selected by the convenience sampling method and assigned into two groups of 30, using a simple random allocation method. For the patients in the control group, routine care was delivered case by case, and for the patients in the primary nursing care group, care was provided based on the nursing process. At the time of discharge, the Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI) was completed for the patients via interviews. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test and the significance levels of 0.05.

The results showed that the mean scores of perception of care behavior and dimensions "respect" and "assurance of humanistic presence" in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of in the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the dimensions "positive attitude and relationship", "knowledge and professional skill" and "attention to other experiences" (P>0.05).

Provision of primary nursing care leads to improving the patient’s perception of nursing care behavior, increasing sense of respect, and assurance of humanistic presence of the nurse. Therefore, it is recommended to use this caring method in the cardiac intensive care unit.

The third molar tooth lies with symptoms such as periodontal problems, caries, crowding, root resorption, cyst and tumor formation of the adjacent second molar. The purpose of this study was performed to evaluation of the position of mandibular third molar teeth and its effect on second adjacent molar teeth.

Panoramic radiography were obtained from 264 patients with mandibular third molar hidden teeth referred to the Birjand School of Dentistry in 2018. The material and direction of their placement and the vertical position of the third molar tooth (based on the PELL & Gregory classification) and its placement angle (based on Winter classification) were determined. Also, the prevalence of distal caries, external root resorption, the amount of displacement, and the amount of inflammatory lesions and the cystic was examined in the adjacent second molar tooth. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 19), and chi-square statistical test, p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

 The data from this study showed that most of the wisdom hidden teeth were in Class B and III of Pell and Gregory classification, had Mesial angle based on Winter classification. In 20.8% of patients with caries, there was 3% root canal resorption and 1.1% displacement of the second molar tooth, while no cases of inflammatory and cystic lesions in the second molar tooth were found due to the hidden third molar tooth. The Mesial and horizontal angles of impacted wisdom teeth were associated with increased risk of caries and root resorption of the second molar. Also, Class Bchr('39')s third molar teeth increased caries in second molar teeth.

Most pathological problems were observed in Mesial, horizontal, and class B impaction. According to the observed relationship, it seems that the angle and depth of the hidden third molar should be taken into account considered when deciding whether or not to extract it.

Breast self-examination is a simple, inexpensive, and technology-free tool for early detection of breast cancer, and in most countries, specifically in developing countries, it is the only genuine way to detect breast cancer rapidly. So, the current study was done to determine the factors affecting breast self-examination behavior in housewives.

This descriptive-analytical study was done with 450 housewives aged 20-40 years visiting health centers in Birjand, South Khorasan. The sample was randomly selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic information and transtheoretical model constructs and then were entered into the SPSS 19 software. Variables of normal distribution were analyzed using t tests and one-way analysis of variance, while non-normal data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher’s exact tests.

The mean age of women was 30.7 ± 5.2 years. Based on the structure of the change steps, 32.9% of the women were at the precontemplation stage, 19.6% at the contemplation stage, 23.3% at the preparation stage, 18.2% at the action stage, and 6% at the maintenance stage. The mean score was 2.33 ± 0.57 for the decision structure, 2.51 ± 0.82 for the change process, and 1.61 ± 0.81 for the self-efficacy. Among the variables studied, the level of education and awareness showed a significant relationship with the model constructs (p < 0.05).

According to the results of the study, most women studied did not perform breast self-examination. Consequently, it is necessary to perform educational interventions to improve the behavior of breast self-examination.