غلامعلی افروز

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an auditory verbal rehabilitation program on speech development performance in preschool children with cochlear implants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This was an experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 deaf children (12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). The sampling method was purposeful and convenience sampling. The main tool for assessing speech development performance in deaf children was the Speech Clarity Rating Scale. This scale was developed in 1998 by Allen and colleagues to assess the speech production of children. The experimental group received auditory verbal rehabilitation training (12 sessions lasting 45 minutes, 2 or 3 times a week), while the control group received no intervention. The measurement tools included speech development questionnaires administered at both pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance analysis. After six months of implementing the rehabilitation program, the findings showed that the average speech development scores for the control group were 2.92 in the pre-test phase and 2.85 in the post-test phase, while for the experimental group, the scores were 3.17 in the pre-test phase and 3.58 in the post-test phase. The results of the one-way analysis of variance of the speech development scores before the training indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) before the intervention (P > 0.05). The one-way analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). The effect size of this difference was 0.61, meaning that 61% of the variance in speech development was attributable to the group differences. Finally, the adjusted mean post-test speech development scores revealed that the experimental group (3.48) performed better than the control group (2.94) in the post-test. On the other hand, it can be said that the active participation of parents in the therapeutic process accelerated speech learning and improved the child's performance in natural environments. These findings suggest that the verbal auditory rehabilitation program can be an effective tool for improving the speech and language skills of deaf children in various regions, including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the educational program based on psychological well-being in improving positive thinking and marital satisfaction in infertile women. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all infertile women who received donated eggs and were treated at the Mam Infertility Treatment Center in Tehran in 2023, who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. All of them completed the automatic positive recognition questionnaire of Ingram et al. (1988, APAC) and the consent of Afrooz wives (2019, AMSS) before the intervention. After that, the experimental group received the educational program based on psychological well-being in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. The research data was analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test among the groups (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a substantial difference in the variables of positive thinking and marital satisfaction between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.05). Based on this, it can be said that using an educational program based on psychological well-being can be effective in increasing positivity and marital satisfaction in infertile women.

Adulthood, especially old age, is one of the most important and sensitive periods of every person, lifestyle and spiritual vitality can play a role as components affecting physical and psychological well-being in this age period

The aim of the present study was to compare the lifestyle and spiritual vitality in the elderly over 80 years old with and without Alzheimer's

In terms of practical purpose, the present study is retrospective in terms of time and in terms of the method of data collection, it belongs to a causal-comparative design that was collected in the field. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly, and among them, a sample of 80 elderly people was considered. The measuring tools of the research are the lifestyle assessment and measurement questionnaire, the spiritual vitality questionnaire that was distributed among the people. In order to analyze the data in this research, according to the questions and hypotheses, descriptive statistics and univariate variance analysis were used at the inferential level

There was a statistically significant difference between the group with Alzheimer's disorder and people without Alzheimer's disorder in the combined dependent variables of lifestyle . the findings showed that there is a difference between people with Alzheimer's disorder and those without Alzheimer's disorder in the variable of spiritual vitality.

According to the findings of the research, lifestyle and its components and spiritual vitality have a positive effect on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly and can reduce Alzheimer's disease in old age. Expanding skill training and improving lifestyle and promoting spiritual vitality especially in the youth and childhood years and improving it day by day in the country can be a good counter plan to prevent Alzheimer's in the elderly population.

The suicide is one of the threatening topics for the health general of society, and spiritual health and ego strength strength are among the factors that can be effective in reducing it. Therefore, this study aimed to the causal modeling of suicidal psychopathology based on spiritual health and ego strength.

The present study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all individuals with a history of suicide registered in the site of the Payesh Center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in the first half of year 2022. Among them, 210 people were selected by purposive sampling and they answered the Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (May & Klonsky, 2013), Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982), and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (Markstrom, 1997). Data were analyzed using path analysis of structural equation in SPSS23 and Amos24 softwares.

The findings showed that direct effect spiritual health (negatively) on suicidal psychopathology is significant (p <0.05). Also, the results of the mediating role of ego strength showed that ego strength have a significant mediating role between spiritual health and suicidal psychopathology (p <0.05).    

The results of this study showed that the spiritual health directly, and ego strength indirectly has been effective on the suicidal psychopathology. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their spiritual health and ego strength in review suicidal psychopathology of individuals with a history of suicide.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of inferiority feeling and self-critical rumination in the relationship between body image shame and social anxiety in adolescent girls. The present descriptive-correlational study was of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of this study was high school students in Sowme'eh Sara city in 2024. The sample size in this study was 217 people who were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the Inferiority Feeling Inventory (IFI; Khodaday and Bahrami, 2012), Self-Critical Rumination Scale (SCRS; Smart et al., 2016), Body Image Shame Scale (BISS; Duarte et al., 2014), and Social Phobia Inventory (SPI; Connor et al., 2000). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model had a favorable fit. The results showed that body image shame, self-critical rumination, and inferiority feeling had a direct and significant effect on social anxiety; body image shame also had a direct and substantial impact on self-critical rumination and inferiority feeling (P<0.05). The results of the bootstrap test showed that inferiority feeling and self-critical rumination positively and significantly mediated the relationship between body image shame and social anxiety (P<0.05). In summary, it can be concluded that body image shame had a direct and mediated effect on social anxiety through self-critical rumination and inferiority feelings.

Today, robots have found a prominent role in our human lives. In recent years, social robots have become a part of all kinds of human activities, especially in programs such as entertainment, education, companionship that include children, the interest of this work is in the interaction of social robots with children in the field of special education. The aim of this research was to systematically investigate the application and challenges of using robots in special education.

To identify the challenges and application of social robots, two documentary methods and reference groups have been used. At the beginning and after examining the related sources, a total of 355 sources were identified, 26 of which were evaluated more precisely based on the criteria of usefulness. After the multi-stage analysis and extracting the findings, the relatively common cases were combined with each other and categorized into three main areas, dimensions and quality indicators. In the next step, after checking the validity of the findings by the peer review method, these findings were refined according to the conditions.

The results showed that social robots were effective in achieving therapeutic and educational goals, especially for supporting children with special needs.

This study showed a large number of attempts to apply social robots in the special education of children with different disabilities, especially in recent years, as well as a wide variety of social robots from the market that are involved in such activities. Also, considering the colorful role that robots can play in education, especially special education, and considering the previous findings that indicated the positive effects of social robots in the education and treatment of children with special needs. The main result of this work is that the specific field of application of social robots is in the first step of development, however, it is expected that it will receive the attention of the research community in the coming years.

Migraine pain affects all aspects of life, i.e., physical, mental, social conditions and relationships between couples. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological intervention on acceptance of chronic pain in married women with migraine. This study was a semi-experimental study with a three-month follow-up. In this study, 40 married women with migraine participated in two intervention and control groups randomly. Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) was used in the evaluation stages. The intervention group underwent intervention during eight sessions and the control group was on the waiting list and received their usual interventions. Data analysis was done by repeated measurement variance analysis method with SPSS 24 software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the chronic pain acceptance variable (F=46.622, P=0.001) (P<0.05) and 55% of the observed differences in the pain acceptance variable. Chronicity was caused by the intervention. The results of the follow-up test showed that the mean difference between pre-test and post-test, pre-test with follow-up and post-test with follow-up is significant only in the intervention group (P<0.05); In fact, the chronic pain acceptance score increased over time in the intervention group compared to the control group. The results of this research showed that family-oriented psychological intervention can be effective in accepting the chronic pain of women with migraine.

Parents are the first role models for children. Thus, paying attention to family institution is essential. This research aims to design and evaluate the impact of family–based psychological intervention on strengthening the appeals of marriage in parents and their daughter’s spiritual vitality, educational performance, and attitude toward marriage.

The current research was quasi–experimental, employing a pretest–posttest and follow–up design. The study’s statistical population included all secondary school female students and their parents living in Tehran City, Iran, during the 2021–2022 academic year. Five girl high schools of education districts 1, 2, 5, 9, 18 of Tehran were randomly selected. From the students of these schools, 60 eligible students (who scored less than 120 on the educational performance scale and less than 150 on the spiritual vitality scale) were randomly selected as the research samples. Parents of 30 students in the experimental group were taught a family–based psychological program. The program was delivered in ten 120–minute sessions. The control group did not undergo any intervention. A follow–up test was performed one month after the posttest to assess the stability of the intervention. The study tools used in this research were the Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (2010), the Afrooz Spiritual Vitality Scale (2016), the Rosen and Brateen Marital Attitude Scale (1998), and the Educational Performance Pham–Taylor test (1999). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test)in SPSS software version 22. The significance level for all tests was set at p ≤ 0.05.

The analysis of variance of all variables (marital satisfaction, educational performance, spiritual vitality, and attitude toward marriage) was significant for intragroup (time) (p<0.001) and intergroup (p=0.042) factors. Thus, for variables of marital satisfaction, educational performance, spiritual vitality, and attitude toward marriage, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups during the research stages, indicating the effect of the intervention. The results showed that the mean marital satisfaction score in the experimental group in the posttest was more than in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, marital satisfaction in the follow–up stage significantly differed from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.463). The mean score of the attitude toward marriage in the experimental group in the posttest was more than that in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, the attitude toward marrige in the follow–up stage significantly differed from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.597). Results indicated that the mean score of spiritual vitalityin the experimental group in the posttest was more than in the pretest (p<0.001). Also, spiritual vitality in the follow–up stage was significantly different from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.198). Also, the mean educational performance score in the posttest experimental group was more than that in the pretest (p<0.001). In addition, educational performance in the follow–up stage was significantly different from the pretest (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.560), indicating the stable effect of teaching a family–based psychologycal program in the follow–up stage on the mentioned variables.

Based on the study findings, family–based psychological intervention effectively improves marriage appeal in parents and their daughter’s spiritual vitality, educational performance, and attitude toward marriage.

Low self‐worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self‐worth in adolescence is important.

The aim of this study was to construct The Relationship between Parents' Marital Satisfaction and Popularity in the Family with Sense of Self-worth and Spiritual Vitality of Children Working in Gifted Schools

The research method is descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all talented students in Tehran during the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample consisted of 320 high school students in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling and responded to Afrooz marital satisfaction scale (2016), Popularity of parent’s scale (Afrooz, 2012), Spiritual vitality scale (Afrooz, 2014) and Self-Worth Scale (Crocker and et al, 2003). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS version 27.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and parental popularity with dimensions of spiritual vitality and self-worthiness (P< 0.05). Findings indicate that the proposed model fits the data appropriately. Also, 80% of the variance of self-worth is explained by marital satisfaction, parental popularity and spiritual vitality. In other words, couple's satisfaction and parental popularity directly and indirectly through spiritual vitality have a positive effect on students' self-worth. Couple's satisfaction and parental affection are associated with higher adolescents' self-worthiness.

The data were cross-sectional, so the direction of the effects could not be confirmed, but the findings support the idea that couple's satisfaction and parental popularity in children increase adolescent's vitality and self-worthiness.

The purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the documents and annual reports available in the welfare organization from 2010 to 2019, which were selected through available and targeted sampling, and in the international dimension, UNICEF's annual reports on educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in 2011. Reviewed by 2020. Some quantitative research data were analyzed using descriptive methods and content analysis was done in the document matching section. According to the findings, the number of exceptional children and teenagers who are covered by welfare has been increasing in recent years. The coefficient of correlation between the opinion of the families of exceptional children and adolescents and the welfare officials about the quantity and quality of educational support showed that the opinion of the families and the officials are aligned. According to the research conducted by UNICEF in 51 developing countries, 42% of girls and 51% of boys of exceptional and disabled children (average about 47%) managed to go to primary school, while in Iran this average reaches 62.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that education support in Iran is in a better situation than the UNICEF reports of developing countries.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction of parents with physical disabilities and mental health and creativity of their children. The research method is a correlational design which conducted in a sample of 140 couples with physical-motor injuries. Statistical population was the couples with physical disabilities who had children. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method in 2017-2018. In order to collect data, questionnaires include Couple Satisfaction (AMSS), Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Abedi Creativity Test (ACT) were used. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. In order to analyze the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions was also used to predict the criterion variables based on the predictor variables. The results of the analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between parental satisfactions, child mental health and child creativity. Also, couple marital satisfaction predicts mental health, and creativity. According to the findings, it can be said that by providing conditions for increasing marital satisfaction of disabled parents, creativity, and general health of students will increase

One of the common problems in the families of drug addicts is marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation. One of the effective treatments for marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation is family-oriented neuropsychological training.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of family-oriented neuropsychological training interventions on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married clients addicted to drugs.

The present study was a descriptive interventional and semi-experimental design with a (pre-test-post-test with control group) and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the married male clients addicted to narcotics admitted to the neuropsychiatric department of Kausar Semnan Hospital in Betveen 2022 and 2023 and considering the entry and exit criteria and available methods, 30 people were selected as a sample.. The tools of data collection were the standard questionnaires of marital discord by Spanier (1976) and cognitive regulation of emotion by Granfsky et al. (2001). The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.93, 0.88 percent), respectively. For data analysis, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Kolmogorov Smirnov and univariate analysis of covariance) were done using SPSS24 and EXCEL software.

Family-centered neuropsychological training interventions have an effect on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married drug dependent clients.

The effect of family-centered neuropsychological training interventions on marital incompatibility and cognitive-emotional regulation of married clients dependent on drugs is powerful.

Several factors may be associated with the severity of COVID-19. Lifestyle, social relations, and socio-economic status can also influence how external stressors, including health crises, are perceived. However, limited research has addressed their role as risk factors in the severity of COVID-19 in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of In the investigation of the role of lifestyle, social relations and socio-economic status of the family in the severity of Covid-19.

This cross-sectional (analytical) research included all individuals aged 18 years and older in Kerman city who had experienced COVID-19 between March 2020 and April 2021. The statistical sample, selected through stratified random sampling, comprised 180 hospitalized patients and 220 non-hospitalized patients out of a total of 146,000 patients. Data were collected using lifestyle questionnaires (Laali, 2013), quality of relationships (Pierce, 1991), and demographic questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the logistic regression method with SPSS26 software.

Logistic regression revealed that lifestyle, social relations, and socio-economic status significantly contribute to the severity of COVID-19 infection in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized adults. The likelihood of hospitalization is higher in COVID-19 patients with an inappropriate lifestyle, low socio-economic status, and weak social relations (p> 0.05).

Recognizing the role of these factors in the severity of COVID-19 enhances officials' understanding of their impact and strengthens preparedness for responding to potential future outbreaks or other infectious epidemics.

Gifted adolescents are particularly vulnerable to emotional and behavioral problems. This study aimed to develop a family-centered emotion regulation program and to evaluate its effectiveness on the social, emotional, and academic adjustment of gifted adolescents.

This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test, post-test control group design with a three-month follow-up phase. The study population comprised all gifted adolescents attending secondary school in Marivan, Kurdistan Province, during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 30 participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Research instruments included the Student Adjustment Questionnaire, the Tehran-Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and the Achenbach Youth Self-Report. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS software (version 28).

The findings indicated that the family-centered emotion regulation program significantly improved social, emotional, and academic adjustment in gifted adolescents at risk of emotional and behavioral problems (P<0.05).

Given the effectiveness of the family-centered emotion regulation program on the adjustment of gifted adolescents at risk of emotional and behavioral problems, it is recommended that specialists, therapists, and educators implement this program to enhance the adjustment of gifted adolescents facing such challenges.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of emotion-focused therapy on executive functions in individuals who have experienced sexual trauma. The target population was all sexually assaulted individuals who visited the Iran Trauma Institute in Mashhad in 2021. The research method was practical in nature, and the data collection was quantitative and experimental. Three of the ten individuals selected as samples were women, as determined by the entry criteria. Childhood trauma questionnaires (CTQ), Emotional visual working memory capacity (EVWMC) were implemented in this investigation. Visual analysis of the graphs depicting the changes in the research variables and the effect size of each variable on the clients, as well as the percentage of improvement and the percentage of reduction in their score changes, were employed to conduct the data analysis using the appropriate formulas in the SPSS-26 software. The effect sizes of emotion-focused therapy of trauma (EFTT) on the working memory capacity of individuals with sexual trauma were relatively high in all three participants during both the intervention and follow-up periods. The results indicated that EFTT enhanced the executive function of working memory capacity in sexually traumatized individuals from a clinical perspective, thereby preventing sexual revictimization.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on mothers’ stress and its effectiveness on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children. The current study was a single-subject quasi-experimental type with an A-B design. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all slow-paced non-speaking students in Shahrood city studying in the academic year 2021-2022 which was obtained using available sampling method, and finally 3 children were selected (one male and two female students). The sample group was subjected to the educational program of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for 18 sessions. The tools of this research included Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3), Child-Parent Relationship Questionnaire (CPRQ) and Parental Stress Questionnaire (PSS). The data were presented in the form of tables, graphs and descriptive reports. The findings showed that in the stages of post-test 1, post-test 2 and follow-up (one month apart), the educational program was effective on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children and their mothers’ stress level. It can be concluded that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system is effective on social and communication skills, so it is necessary that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system receives the attention of therapists and researchers.

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

The aim of the present study was to develop an academic self-confidence training protocol for students with special learning disabilities. The research method was comparative content analysis. Sampling was started in a purposeful way and written sources with the topic of self-confidence were used. Then, the content of books and articles was analyzed in terms of components related to academic self-confidence. In this study, educational components were first extracted, then they were classified in the form of basic content, main component and secondary component. The academic self-confidence educational package is based on 6 comprehensive themes including: academic vitality (with themes that create motivation and academic involvement), academic self-efficacy (with themes that create a sense of competence and self-confidence), self-regulation (with themes that create self-awareness), self-monitoring, purposefulness, self-management and the use of effective learning strategies), scientific thinking (with the themes of critical thinking, creative thinking and cognitive flexibility), executive skills (with the themes of planning and organization, attention control and concentration, problem solving, and resilience) were formulated with the constructive themes of stress management, emotion management, adaptation and positive interactions and self-care. The educational self-confidence training model obtained can be used in the formulation of the intervention for the education of students with specific learning disorders, along with other existing interventions.

Researches about the development and effectiveness of the family-centered psychological intervention program on the importance of promoting spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis are limited. Therefore, the aim of the current research, in addition to developing a program, was to determine the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological intervention on the improvement of spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The research design included two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, a family-centered intervention program was developed and in the quantitative part of this research, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a three-month follow-up along with a control group. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included psychology professors, multiple sclerosis patients and psychologists living in Tehran who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients. The sample included 4 psychology professors, 4 psychologists who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients, and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis who were selected in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study includes all patients with multiple sclerosis living in Tehran who were members of the MS Association and in the spring of 2023, they referred to the MS Association. In order to form two groups using the purposeful sampling method, First, 32 people were selected and then they were randomly grouped into two experimental and control groups. Questionnaires and surveys were used to collect qualitative data. also, Afrooz spiritual vitality questionnaire (2015) was used to collect data in the quantitative part. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the Laushe method and the data in the quantitative part by using mixed variance analysis tests with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 22.

The results of the validation of the developed program showed that the family-oriented psychological program has high validity (r=0.84). Other results showed that between spiritual vitality (F = 5.730, P = 0.023) and its components including feelings and behavior (F = 5.395, P = 0.027) and beliefs (5.754). F, P=0.023) there is a significant difference in the experimental and control groups, and this difference is the result of the implementation of the family-oriented psychological program intervention in the experimental group.

According to the results of this research, the developed family-centered intervention program is an effective method in improving spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis, therefore, multiple sclerosis therapists and centers are advised to use family-oriented psychological intervention programs to improve the psychological status of these patients.

Researches about the development and effectiveness of the family-centered psychological intervention program on the importance of promoting spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis are limited. Therefore, the aim of the current research, in addition to developing a program, was to determine the effectiveness of family-oriented psychological intervention on the improvement of spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The research design included two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, a family-centered intervention program was developed and in the quantitative part of this research, it was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a three-month follow-up along with a control group. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included psychology professors, multiple sclerosis patients and psychologists living in Tehran who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients. The sample included 4 psychology professors, 4 psychologists who had experience working with multiple sclerosis patients, and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis who were selected in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of the study includes all patients with multiple sclerosis living in Tehran who were members of the MS Association and in the spring of 2023, they referred to the MS Association. In order to form two groups using the purposeful sampling method, First, 32 people were selected and then they were randomly grouped into two experimental and control groups. Questionnaires and surveys were used to collect qualitative data. also, Afrooz spiritual vitality questionnaire (2015) was used to collect data in the quantitative part. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the Laushe method and the data in the quantitative part by using mixed variance analysis tests with repeated measurements in SPSS software version 22.

The results of the validation of the developed program showed that the family-oriented psychological program has high validity (r=0.84). Other results showed that between spiritual vitality (F = 5.730, P = 0.023) and its components including feelings and behavior (F = 5.395, P = 0.027) and beliefs (5.754). F, P=0.023) there is a significant difference in the experimental and control groups, and this difference is the result of the implementation of the family-oriented psychological program intervention in the experimental group.

According to the results of this research, the developed family-centered intervention program is an effective method in improving spiritual vitality in patients with multiple sclerosis, therefore, multiple sclerosis therapists and centers are advised to use family-oriented psychological intervention programs to improve the psychological status of these patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of gender in the relationship between age and learning style in students with Down syndrome. The current research method is descriptive-correlation and survey research with a quantitative approach. The statistical population includes all slow-paced students with Down syndrome who were busy studying in  Tehran and  Razavi Khorasan city in the 2022-2023 academic year. The sample size was 100 girls with an average age of 13.12 ± 0.36 and 100 boys with an average age of 13.6 ± 0.44, who were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect information, VAK learning style questionnaire (VLSQ) was used. In order to analyze the findings, SPSS22 software was used and to check the research hypothesis, the regression equation test was used. The findings showed that age and visual learning style are negative, that is, this style decreases with increasing age, and the gender variable moderates the relationship between age and visual learning style, and on the other hand, age and auditory and kinesthetic learning style are positive. That is, this style increases with age and gender variable moderates the relationship between age and auditory and kinesthetic learning style, It seems age can affect who have a kinesthetic and auditory learning style, and gender modulates this relationship, It is suggested that teachers consider age and gender as effective factors for improving educational level.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the family-oriented program on psychological distress and adherence to treatment in people with diabetes and hypertension. The present study was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. 40 people with diabetes and hypertension were selected to enter the study. Then, 40 volunteers participating in the research and eligible to enter the research were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 people by matching them in terms of age and history of diabetes. The data collection tool included demographic information questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale and Madanlo's questionnaire of adherence to treatment orders. The comparison of means indicates the effectiveness of the family-based program against the control group. Considering the different experimental and control groups, there is a significant difference between the anxiety scores in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. For the depression variable, the main effect of the group is substantial (Ƞ2=0.423 Ƞ^2=0.423 Ƞ2=0.423, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=27.846 F=27.846 F=27.846), indicating a significant overall difference in mean depression scores between the two groups. The results show that the main effect of time is substantial (Ƞ2=0.781 Ƞ^2=0.781 Ƞ2=0.781, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=135.824 F=135.824 F=135.824). For the stress variable, the main effect of the group is significant (Ƞ2=0.634 Ƞ^2=0.634 Ƞ2=0.634, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=65.767 F=65.767 F=65.767), indicating a significant overall difference in mean stress scores between the two groups. For the treatment adherence variable, the main effect of the group is substantial (Ƞ2=0.80 Ƞ^2=0.80 Ƞ2=0.80, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=172.726 F=172.726 F=172.726). The main effect of time is significant (Ƞ2=0.985 Ƞ^2=0.985 Ƞ2=0.985, p<0.05 p<0.05 p<0.05, F=2516.562 F=2516.562 F=2516.562), meaning that the changes in mean scores from the pre-test to the post-test and follow-up stages are significant regardless of the experimental and control groups. The results of this research showed that the family-based program is efficacious in improving treatment adherence and psychological distress in employees with diabetes and hypertension. Family empowerment involves providing and teaching a health-promoting lifestyle to families of individuals with chronic disorders, helping families cope with familial problems related to chronic disorders, and strengthening family strengths to improve the safety, well-being, and adaptation of the affected individual. Family empowerment in self-management and self-care for chronic disorders is an intervention that focuses on strengthening the core values of caregivers (families). Family empowerment can also increase positive control of mind and body, preventive care, and constructive relationships with the environment, enhance positive emotions, and improve the family's ability to manage the disorder independently. The more individuals control and master their living environment, particularly stressful life conditions, the greater their sense of inner satisfaction, self-efficacy, and self-belief, leading to better psychological well-being. Conversely, individuals suffering from stress-induced hypertension often lack cognitive and behavioral skills to control stressful environmental events, generally doubting their abilities and constantly worrying about negative evaluations from others regarding themselves and their behaviors.

Adolescence is the most important developmental stage of every human being, which may be associated with behavioral disorders and be neglected by the family.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of family-oriented communication skills enrichment program in order to improve marital satisfaction and emotional regulation of adolescent children with emotional disorders.

The research was of pseudo-experimental type with random assignment and with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The research tools were Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1390), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2013), and family-oriented communication skills enrichment program (Vadoudi et al., 1402) was held in the form of 23 group sessions for the experimental group. Data analysis showed multivariate covariance analysis of repeated measurements type.

The family-oriented communication skills enrichment program has improved marital satisfaction, emotion regulation, and also reduced the clinical symptoms of children with emotional disorders, and these results are stable in the follow-up (p<0.01).

In the enrichment program of family-oriented communication skills, behavior signs and negative thoughts, the causes of events, emotional and cognitive signs are identified and ways to correct and get rid of false beliefs and healthy alternatives are taught. which will improve the interpersonal relationships of the couple and the experienced emotions. The training of family-oriented communication skills will ensure that the person is prepared in terms of knowledge and insight to perform some interpersonal interactive skills because the person has learned an optimal level of cognitive functioning and the methods and It has preparations that are healthy, safe, effective and affordable.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a family-based behavioral management program on dysfunctional attitudes and psychological well-being in adolescents with a propensity for Drug use.

The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. The statistical population of the research included all adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use who were referred to the Pardis Psychology Clinic in Rasht City in 2023, along with their parents. Among these, 28 people were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14). Participants in both groups completed the dysfunctional attitude scale and the psychological well-being scale in pre- and post-tests. Group training on family-based behavioral management was conducted over 10 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, with one session per week for the experimental group. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings of this research showed that family-based behavioral management program training decreased dysfunctional attitudes and increased psychological well-being in adolescents with a tendency towards Drug use.

According to the results of this research, family-based interventions can have significant implications in the field of psychological health and the prevention of Drug in adolescence.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the family-oriented sensorymotor empowerment program on the reading ability of students with Down syndrome.

The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-testpost-test with a control group. The statistical population included all students with Down syndrome in Kashan City in the academic year of 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of 30 students in the age range of 8-12 years, who were selected by available sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups (each consisted of 15 children). The data collection tool was Kormi Nouri and Moradi's reading and dyslexia test (2004). Covariance test was used to analyze the data.

The results showed a substantial difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of reading ability (p<0.01).

Based on the research results, we suggest the family-oriented sensory-motor empowerment program as a suitable intervention to improve the reading ability of students with Down syndrome.