فاطمه اکرمی

Determining the range of thermal comfort in the outdoor space is complicated, and since the presence of thermal comfort helps more people to be in the outdoor space, it is important. In the current research, it has been tried to determine the thermal comfort limit of people in the outdoor space of traditional and restored buildings in the hot and dry climate of Yazd city. For this purpose, a field monitoring was carried out in the hot season of the five central courtyards of the Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture as buildings that have been changed from residential to educational use, which includes the measurement of climatic information at the same time as the completion of 389 thermal comfort questionnaires by the students of the faculty; Then, with the help of Ray Man and SPSS software, the obtained information was analyzed and after checking the linear regression charts, the range of thermal comfort for people in the central courtyards of the faculty as a microclimate in the hot and dry area of ​​Yazd city between the range of 16.5-28 degrees Celsius based on the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET) was obtained. Due to the fact that the combination of climatic and geographical factors for each specific region will lead to a different understanding of the thermal comfort conditions for the people of that community, this comfort range is different from the comfort ranges in other regions that have been determined in numerous researches. From the comparison of the studied yards, it was found that the more the yard has a height-to-width ratio and the more enclosed it is, the more shade it will receive and, finally,more thermal comfort during the day and night for the hot days of the year.

Despite the important role of teachers, there is little information about teacher knowledge to use AI-based tools in education. Also, there is little research on measuring teachers' professional knowledge for AI-based education. In addition, ethical considerations and evaluations regarding artificial intelligence have not yet been explored from a teacher's perspective. Therefore, there is less understanding of how teachers interpret and evaluate AI-based decisions. Finally, there is limited empirical evidence that explains how teachers' pedagogical skills to use AI are related to their moral evaluation. Considering these gaps, the purpose of this research is to reveal the knowledge of teachers to use artificial intelligence-based tools for effective teaching based on TPACK. Evaluation of decisions by AI-based tools requires a different knowledge component than educational knowledge. We examined ethical evaluation as a distinct knowledge component to provide a clear and understandable perspective. In the present study, TPACK was expanded with ethical evaluations of AI-based tools. In other words, we tried to identify the ethical knowledge that teachers should have for the ethical integration of AI-based tools.

 The approach of qualitative research and the method used is synthesis research and the tool used is checklist. The data analysis method is based on Strauss and Corbin coding, open, axial and selective coding. The research community is all researches and scientific documents in the form of articles and theses in the time frame of 2014-2024 and for internal articles in the time frame of 1402-1398. Finally, after screening, 59 sources have been used directly. 

 The findings showed that teachers, as the main focus of implementing curriculum policies, need to transform their knowledge, skills and attitudes and acquire special competencies when facing and interacting with artificial intelligence. In the current study, the evolution of teachers' professional knowledge with the emergence of artificial intelligence has been determined in the form of TPACK framework, and since one of the conditions for successful interaction with artificial intelligence is understanding the ethical issues of this technology, the discussion of ethics has also been emphasized by introducing TEPCK. Transformation in teacher training with the emergence of artificial intelligence in 8 components of "Artificial Intelligence Technology Knowledge", "Operational Skills", "Artificial Intelligence Pedagogical Knowledge", "Artificial Intelligence Content Knowledge", "Artificial Intelligence Content Knowledge", "Analytical Skills" and criticality", "ethical and legal knowledge", "communication skills" and "continuous professional development" have been identified.  

The abilities of artificial intelligence in education have not been fully used. For the effective integration of artificial intelligence in education, special technical and pedagogical knowledge of artificial intelligence teachers is necessary. In addition, due to the new ethical issues caused by artificial intelligence, teachers must also have the knowledge to evaluate decisions based on artificial intelligence. None of the previous studies have investigated teacher knowledge for educational and ethical use of artificial intelligence-based tools. Considering this gap, while updating teachers' TPACK to interact with artificial intelligence, ethical aspects were also addressed.

Irradiation of intervention strategies in order to effectively control food-borne pathogens are microorganisms that reduce microbial load and increase the shelf-life.
In this study, ostrich meat with electron beam 1.5, 3 and 5 kGy doses treated and were stored in temperature 1 ± 4° C for 15 days. With 5 day intervals after irradiation, chemical and organoleptic changes were evaluated. The amount of total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were measured to evaluate the chemical changes.
Irradiation significantly reduces the amount of TVN in the samples were irradiated. It also increases the amount of thiobarbituric acid in the irradiated samples was statistically significant direct relationship with the irradiation and during storage, and despite the increase in thiobarbituric acid, irradiation had no significant effect on the sensory properties of ostrich meat..
The results show that electron beam irradiation of ostrich meat with increased storage time for at least two weeks at refrigerator temperature without a noticeable change in the organoleptic properties of the meat.

The growing process of building design and construction, regardless of reducing sources of energy, is one of the threats to the environment and human life. Therefore it is necessary thatdesign strategies in new buildings be orientated to the aim of reducing energy consumptionand environmental pollution. Earth sheltering is a passive idea that reduces building energy consumption and ensures its thermal comfort to a great deal. Taking shelter in the earth and advantage from its thermal properties is one of the tricks that even was used in some climates in the past. This study investigates the energy efficiency of Earth-sheltered building with regard to the interaction of different building uses in the city of Yazd. The thermal simulation software (EnergyPlus) was applied to accomplish this aim, following the study of the basic requirements of a specific research on this subject. Regarding the results, increasing in the depth of penetration in the soil, increases the percentage of savings compared to aboveground conventional buildings. In this condition, with increase in the depth of building position, residential use has the most and educational use has the lowest correlation with energy consumption. And also the optimum depth for each building use is assessed at a different rate. In this situation, residential use has 69% and religious, administrative and educational uses respectively have 61, 60 and 54 percent energy savings.

This paper aims at analyzing and mapping the patents related to the area of purification and recovery of hydrocarbon compounds in the USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) system.
The current research is of descriptive-analytical type and has dealt with using the co-citation patents analysis and the networking techniques. The data is extracted from class 585 and the subclasses 800 up to 868 in the field of purification and recovery of hydrocarbon compounds in the system USPTO system. Analyzingsis and mapping of data were done using Ucinet, Netdraw and Ravar Pre Map software.
Findings: During different years, the number of patents in the field of purification and recovery of hydrocarbon compounds has fluctuated a lotshowed an increasing trend. The Most productions occurred is in 2013 and the lowest is in 1971. The main Network from 2837 patents has composed of 325 pieces. BROUGHTON_2985589 was the patent with the highest number of centrality degree (510). Patents, with registration number 3684665, 3043891 and 3401112 ranked first, second and third respectively in based on betweenness centrality.
Conclousion: Co-citation patents analysis can be displayed the important patent and the relationship between them. This analysis can be used in the macro policies, or to identify gaps and fill in the gap