فاطمه بازرگانی پور

Considering the lack of scientific documents published on humans regarding the effect of Stachys lavandulifolia hydroalcoholic extract on abortion in traditional Iranian medicine, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea in combination with misoprostol compared to misoprostol alone in terminating pregnancies less than 12 weeks.

The present randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj in 2019-2020 on 40 referring patients divided into two groups. Participants were assigned to two groups of mountain tea extract in combination with misoprostol (group A) or misoprostol alone (group B). In group A, mountain tea in the form of capsules (400 mg every three hours, up to three times, daily) along with 400 micrograms of misoprostol (every three hours, up to three doses, daily) were prescribed. In group B, misoprostol 800 micrograms were taken orally every three hours, up to three doses daily. In case of no abortion, the above dose was repeated on the second day. The intended outcomes included pain intensity, bleeding intensity, patient satisfaction, type of abortion, assessment of side effects (such as vital signs, clinical symptoms, blood parameters, analysis of kidney and liver function indicators). The collected data are analyzed using chi-square and t-test.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of complete abortion (p=0.52) and incomplete abortion (p=52). The duration of intervention in group A (6.10±1.11) was significantly shorter than group B (8.40±0.59) (p>0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain intensity (p=0.52) and bleeding intensity (p=0.14) at 4-8 hours and 8-12 hours after the intervention. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood parameters, kidney and liver analysis (p<0.05). In terms of side effects, a statistically significant increase in fever (p=0.008), diarrhea (p<0.001) and nausea (p>0.001) was observed in group B compared to group A. Also, the results of the present study showed that patient satisfaction in group A (6±0) was significantly better than group B (4.60±1.14) (p<0.001).

The findings of this study indicated that S. lavandulifolia hydroalcoholic extract in combination with misoprostol resulted in shorter duration of abortion process, lower adverse outcomes and better patients’ satisfaction compared to the administration of misoprostol alone.

Considering the importance of pain reduction and recovery of episiotomy and faster return of mothers to daily activities and the lack of existing studies on the effect of the combined gel of Halepah-Aloe vera after episiotomy, therefore the purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of Teucrium polium plus Aloe vera gel on episiotomy wound healing, pain intensity and patient’s satisfaction in primiparous women

The present randomized, blinded clinical trial study was conducted on 100 participants in Bandar Abbas Persian Gulf Hospital, Iran. Aloe vera gel combined or placebo gel was prescribed twice in the episiotomy wound site for 10 days in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The outcome variables included pain and wound healing with the Rida scale (the amount of redness, edema, ecchymosis, secretions and the proximity of the edges of the episiotomy wound), patients' satisfaction, and the evaluation of side effects. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test statistical tests.

The results indicated that the two groups had a statistically significant difference in terms of the Rida score on the fourth and tenth day after delivery (p<0.05). The group of Helepe-Aloe vera combined gel had better wound healing time than placebo. Moreover, in the case of pain, there was a statistically significant lower score in the group of Helpeh-Aloe vera combined gel on the fourth day (5.80±1.34 vs. 6.79±1.42) and the tenth day (1.71±0.88 vs. 91 2.58±0.05) after delivery compared to placebo (p<0.05). The results of the study show that patient satisfaction on the fourth day (3.45±1.17 vs. 5.42±1.37) and the tenth day (1.33±0.57 vs. 2.50±1.21) after Delivery was significantly better compared to placebo (p<0.05).

The findings of this study indicated that the combined gel of Halpa-Aloe Vera improved episiotomy wound, better patient satisfaction and less pain intensity compared to the placebo.

Although tools for measuring job burnout have been psychometrically tested in Iran, it seems crucial to have an instrument that can be used by the general society. The Covid-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS) is the only tool available to assess the burnout following Covid-19 in the general population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Covid-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS).

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 137 participants in Yasuj, Iran. After the linguistic validation of the Iranian version of COVID-19-BS, the panel of experts evaluated the questionnaire questions by evaluating the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). At that point, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to show the constructs of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using the internal consistency test and test-retest analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for COVID-19-BS were 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. A two-factor structure (physical and mental burnout symptoms) appeared in the EFA test, which was responsible for 67.51% of the observed variance. CFA results for the extracted two-factor structure showed an acceptable fit. Also, acceptable results were shown for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha from 0.89 to 0.73) and intraclass correlation coefficients (between 0.72 and 0.80).

The results of the present study indicated a favorable preliminary psychometric test of COVID-19-BS in the Iranian population. The COVID-19-BS questionnaire is the first valid questionnaire in Farsi language regarding job burnout following Covid-19 in the general population, which may be useful for other Farsi-speaking countries that are exposed to job burnout due to Covid-19.

Clinical measurement of quality of life (QoL) for assessing reproductive problems should be considered as a standard investigation at the initial and continuing medical consultations with infertile people.

The purpose of this study was comprehensive testing the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of fertility quality of life (FertiQoL).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on300 women referred to infertility clinic. After linguistic validation, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Consequently exploratory factor analysis was performed to indicate the scale constructs. Discriminate validity was assessed using the known groups comparison. Convergent validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between similar content on the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF12), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and FertiQol. In addition, reliability analysis was carried out with internal consistency.

The reliability of the Iranian version of the FertiQoL was satisfactory in all dimensions (0.77-0.83). Six factors (emotional, mind/body, relational, social, environmental, and tolerability) were extracted from the results of exploratory factor analysis. Discrimination validity showed that FertiQoL can differentiate between female patients with differing duration of infertility and number of children. Moreover, the results of convergent validity showed a favorable correlation between the related dimensions of SF12 (0.43-0.68), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (0.47-0.52) and FertiQoL.

The Iranian version of FertiQoL is valid and reliable for assessing infertility problems and the effects of treatment on QoL of infertile patients referred for diagnosis and treatment at infertility clinic.

Gestational diabetes is a common problem in pregnancy that affects about 7% of pregnancies. The high intake of iron intake is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between total iron intake (diet and supplement) and gestational diabetes.
This is a one-year prospective cohort study. 120 pregnant women referred to rural health centers in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran were enrolled in the study. The data were collected using a checklist, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire for measurement of iron intake through food. Demographic data was presented as mean±SD or number (%) and final results were presented with Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval.
The findings showed that hemoglobin level in 6-10 (OR: 2.62 CI: 1.42-4.39) and 24 to 28 weeks (OR: 2.9 CI: 1.43-4.02), the amount of iron intake from the beginning of the pregnancy from 6 to 10 (OR: 2.81 CI: 1.28-3.98) and 16-20 weeks of pregnancy (OR: 2.94 CI: 1.35-5.43) as well as, the amount of iron supplemental ingestion (OR: 2.83 CI: 1.39-4.54) are the most important predictors of GDM.
According to the findings of this study and the current national guidelines for the administration of routine iron to all pregnant women, increasing the level of iron by supplement and subsequent increased risk of GDM should be more considered.

Adherence issues in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have not been examined thoroughly. Patients report prolonged periods of treatment and side effects of the drug as the most common reason for withdrawal from treatment. To improve the effective management of PCOS patients, it is fundamental to understand facilitating and inhibiting factors to treatment adherence.

To explore facilitating/inhibiting factors related to treatment adherence among PCOS patients.

This was a qualitative study with a purposive sample of women with confirmed diagnosis of PCOS. The data were collected via 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with women aged between 21-34 yr. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Five themes were identified which described different types of facilitating/ inhibiting factors to treatment adherence. Inhibiting factors included financial issues, patient-related, disease-related, and health care provider-related factors; while social factors were found to be both facilitating and inhibiting.

The findings suggest that successful adherence to PCOS treatment is highly dependent on patients recognizing and adapting to financial, social, and health care related inhibiting factors. It is also crucial for clinicians and policy makers to recognize these key inhibiting factors in order to improve treatment outcomes

Increasing attention to the concept of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) health-related quality of life has led to the development of tool that aims to measure this concept.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of psychometric properties of the PCOS health-related quality of life questionnaire.

A search of database (Pubmed, PsychInfo, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus and SID) from January1998 to December 2013 yielded 6152 references of which 27 papers remained after review of the titles and abstracts. The reviewers used structural tools to analyze the articles, critically appraise papers, and extract the data. Finally, eight papers met the full inclusion criteria.

Studies suggested that the PCOS health-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ)/or its modified version (MPCOSQ) have partial known groups validity. The convergent/divergent validity of the questionnaire also was found to be relatively acceptable. The PCOSQ/MPCOSQ reached acceptable benchmarks for its reliability coefficients. Regarding structural validity, some studies suggested that the PCOSQ/MPCOSQ have an extra dimension (related to menstruation) in addition to its existing dimensions for original or modified versions.

The PCOSQ/MPCOSQ showed acceptable content and construct validity, reliability and internal consistency. However, some other properties, particularly those related to factor and longitudinal validity, absolute error of measurement, minimal clinically important difference and responsiveness still need to be evaluated.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to cause a reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However، the relative degree of impairment in each domain differed among samples، and it was not clear which aspect of disease-specific HRQOL (modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire) was most negatively affected.

To systematically review the effects of PCOS on specific domains of HRQOL.

Literature search using search engine of database (PubMed، PsychInfo، CINAHL، CENTRAL، and Scopus) between 1998 to December 2013 yields 6 relevant publications. Pairs of raters used structural tools to analyze these articles، through critical appraisal and data extraction. The scores of each domain of polycystic ovarian syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ) or modified version (MPCOSQ) of 1140 women with PCOS were used in meta-analysis.

The combine mean of emotional (4. 40; 95% CI 3. 77-5. 04)، infertility (4. 13; 95% CI 3. 81-4. 45) and weight (3. 88; 95% CI 2. 33-5. 42) dimensions were better، but menstruation (3. 84; 95% CI 3. 63-4. 04) and hirsutism (3. 81; 95% CI 3. 26-4. 35) domains were lower than the mean score of PCOSQ/MPCOSQ in related dimension.

The meta-analysis showed that the most affected domains in specific HRQOL were hirsutism and menstruation. Based on these findings، we recommend healthcare providers to be made aware that HRQOL impairment of PCOS is mainly caused by their hirsutism and menstruation، which requires appropriate management

One of the causes of infertility is anovulation due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In women with PCOS, Elevated serum LH levels and an increased ratio of LH to FSH is generally seen. To prevent an increase in LH and follicular atresia, the use of FSH is proposed. The aim of the present study was to compare pregnancy rate of two regimens of recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and urinary FSH (u-FSH) in patients with PCOS under IUI. This is a descriptive- analytical (retrospective) study which conducted on 441 infertile women with PCOS that referred to infertility clinic of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital (in two years), and met the inclusion criteria for the study; the data was collected by referring to patients’ files. there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean endometrial thickness, number of dominant follicles, gonadotropin consumption, duration and type of infertility. Pregnancy rates in patients treated with the u-FSH was 6.28% and in the patients treated with r-FSH was 9.30%, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.59). The results of this study showed that the there is no difference in terms of pregnancy rate between two products, u-FSH and r-FSH, in infertile patients with PCOS under IUI. Therefore, we can use both of these products according to availability, cost and patient acceptance.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has major effects on various aspects of life in these patients. Moreover، the concept of ability to cope with illness could be important in the evaluation of patients’ quality of life. Therefore، understanding of the patient''s adaptation seems to be necessary. The aim of the present study is to provide a deep understanding of the coping strategies used by patients with PCOS. This study is qualitative content analysis and in order to conduct the study، through an in-depth interview، twenty patients with PCOS were purposively selected. The main themes derived from the data were centered thinking (religious beliefs، thoughts paradox)، practical steps (positive steps such as information and treatment seeking and negative steps such as separation and hiding) and support seeking (family support، peer support، friend support). Patients in coping with PCOS were experiencing different conditions in various aspects of life: individual، family and social life. Some of these patients were not successful in effective coping and others were well adapted by support of others، religious and spiritual background and optimism. Given the high prevalence of physical، psychological and social problems in these patients، strengthening coping resources and identifying barriers can help to reconcile these patients to their disease and improve their quality of life.

Most previous research has focused on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) characteristics and their association with psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In the present study, our aim was to study whether PCOS characteristics are associated with several aspects of psychological well-being namely self-esteem and body satisfaction. This was a cross-sectional study of 300 women with PCOS that was carried out in Kashan, Iran. Main outcome measures were the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and clinical information of PCOS. Major clinical PCOS features including obesity (BMI), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, menstrual cycle disturbances and infertility. The findings of regression analysis indicated that infertile women had lower levels of self-esteem (β=-0.11, p=0.049) and poorer body satisfaction (β=0.121, p=0.036) compared with PCOS women without infertility. Furthermore, hirsute women experienced poorer self-esteem than women without hirsutism (β=-0.124, p=0.032). Women with menstrual irregularities had higher body dissatisfaction (β=0.159, p=0.005). Moreover, women with higher body mass index scores had poorer body satisfaction (β=0.151, p=0.009) but were not associated with self-esteem. The emotional well-being of the patients presenting with the syndrome needs to be recognized more fully, particularly in relation to the low self-esteem, poor body image, and struggles with weight, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism and infertility. The results of this study raise implications for clinical practice and suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to the management of women with PCOS.

A preliminary report indicated that the Iranian version of modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire (MPCOSQ) is a valid measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in PCOS patients. Accordingly, the Iranian version of MPCOSQ was subjected to further psychometric analyses among a different sample of patients with PCOS. To examine discriminant and convergent validity of the Iranian version of MPCOSQ. This was a cross sectional study of 200 women with PCOS that was carried out in two private gynecology clinics in Kashan, Iran. Discriminant validity was assessed using the known groups comparison. Convergent validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between similar content on the MPCOSQ and the SF-36. The mean scores for the MPCOSQ showed that women rated lowest on the infertility and menstrual subscales indicating worst health in these dimensions. The results from the SF-36 questionnaire indicated that emotional and vitality domains were the areas of poorest health. Known groups comparison showed that the MPCOSQ differentiated well between sub-groups of women who differed in PCOS specific symptoms, lending support to its discriminant validity. Convergent validity was assessed and as expected a good positive correlation was found between related subscales of the two instruments. The MPCOSQ has now been extensively tested in Iran and can be considered for using as an outcome measure in future outcome studies in this population.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to cause a reduction in Health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

This study examines the extent of different clinical symptoms in PCOS patients on HRQOL.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the factors related to HRQOL in 200 PCOS patients in Kashan, Iran. Main outcome measures were modified polycystic ovarian syndrome questionnaire (MPCOSQ) and clinical information of PCOS. Major clinical PCOS features including obesity (BMI), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, menstrual cycle disturbances and infertility.

Findings showed that the most common HRQOL concern was menstrual irregularities and infertility, followed in descending order by hirsutism, weight, emotion, and acne. Multivariate analysis revealed the menstrual irregularities as a significant predictor of menstruation (p=0.005), emotion (p=0.02) and infertility (p=0.02) subscales of the MPCOSQ. Having of infertility, predicted scores on the infertility subscale (p<0.0001). Hirsutism score was a significant predictor of hirsutism (p<0.0001) and emotion (p<0.0001) subscales. Weight subscale concerns was predicted by BMI (p<0.0001), also, acne was found to be predicted score of acne subscale (p<0.0001).

Worsened HRQOL in women with PCOS was related to more menstrual irregularities and infertility than to obesity. The finding suggests a potential for poorer compliance with weight management protocols among affected PCOS patients.

Dysmenorrhea affects women’s quality of life; moreover it results in physical, mental, social and economical problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupressure at the third point of liver channel (liv3) on quality of life in female students of Tehran Teaching Training (Tarbiat Moallem) Center with primary dysmenorrhea. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 194 female students of Nasibeh Tarbiat Moallem center in Tehran who had had inclusion criteria. In the first cycle, the severity and duration of pain and quality of life were determined. Therefore, the participants were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. In the second, third and fourth cycles, acupressure at liv3 and placebo point during 3-7 days before menstruation for 20 minute were carried out. In the fourth cycle, participants completed SF-36 questionnaire after menstruation again. Data-gathering Instruments used in this study included wrong-Baker faces pain scale,Beck-21 questionarre, SF-36 questionnaire, clock, Acuhealth tens pro 900 set, force guage. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 and x2 test, Man Whitney U, independent and paired test. P values were set as 0.05(p0.05) but there was a significant difference in mean quality of life dimension between two groups in the fourth cycle (p0.05). with regard to the results of this study, acupressure at liv3 point is suggested as useful, effective, cheap and available treatment for primary dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent disorders in women which results in their decreased efficacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pressure on the third liver point on involved liver channel symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.

This clinical trial was conducted on 194 students that met the inclusion criteria. In the first cycle, symptoms of involved liver channel were identified. Accordingly, participants were randomly allotted to either treatment or control groups. In the second, third and fourth cycles, acupressure was applied to the third liver point and placebo point for 20 minutes 3-7 days before menstruation. With bleeding in the fourth cycle, the symptoms of involved liver channel were determined.

In the first cycle, there were no significant differences in symptoms of involved liver channel between the two groups; however, in the fourth cycle, the results of Chi2 test showed significant differences between the two groups in all symptoms of involved liver channel except the tongue with red spots (p<0.05). In the treatment group, a comparison of the first and the fourth cycle revealed significant differences in all symptoms of involved liver channel except for tongue with red spots (p<0.05).

In this study, applying pressure to the third liver point was effective in the improvement of the majority of involved liver channel symptoms; therefore, acupressure is suggested as a practical, effective, non-expensive, and available method in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrheal is the most prevalence disorder in women that cause decrease efficacy. In Chinese theory, dysmenorrheal threats with harmonization between energy and blood. The aim of this study is the evaluation of effect acupressure on severity and duration of primary dysmenorrheal. A clinical trial conducted in 194 Nasibe Tarbiat Moallem centers students that they had inclusion criteria. In first cycle determinated severity and duration of pain. Therefore the participates randomly allotted to either experimental or control group. In second, third and fourth cycle did acupressure at liv3 and placebo point during 3-7 day before menstruation for 20 minute. In fourth cycle, participate determinate severity and duration of pain again. Instruments were used include: wrong-Baker faces pain scale, Beck -21 questionarre, clock,Acuhealth tens pro 900 set, force guage.Data analyzed with SPSS 16 and x2 test, Man Whitney U,independent t test and Friedman. There was no significant difference in severity of pain between two groups in first cycle (p=0. 40) but there was a significant difference in severity of pain between two groups in second (p

Background and Objectives Maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) or passive smoking would be a risk factor for maternal and new born morbidity. This study was conducted to determine this relationship with in pregnant woman referring to Shabihkhani Maternity Hospital of kashan Iran during 2006-2007 Methods The study was carried out on 150 Nonsmoking pregnant women who were exposed to ETS greater than or equal to 5 cigarettes per day smoked by others in the mother s presence in all of pregnancy period as exposed group and 150 Nonsmoking pregnant women who were not exposed to ETS as the non-exposed group. Birth weight height and head circumference were compared in the two groups and analyzed by t- and X² tests. Results The mean birth weights in the exposed group and non exposed group were and 3137.5±437.8 and 3270±499.5 grams respectively the t- test showed this difference to be significant (p=0.015). The mean birth height and head circumference in the two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion Nonsmoking pregnant women who were exposed to ETS gave 133 g reduction in birth weight compared to unexposed women. Further studies are needed to determine if ETS decreases birth height and birth head circumference

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder with the 4-20% prevalence during pregnancy. The evaluation of stress causing situations and social support and their relation with depression can be used as evidence for diagnosis of depression and cause to necessary background to preventive and effective work. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of depression during pregnancy with social support and negative life events. This is a cross sectional study that was carried out on a group of 200 pregnant women in Aran- Bidgol. The data collection instruments were demographic are, Beck inventory, Social support and Negative life events questionnaires. The data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests. The prevalence of depression was 41% Mild, moderate and severe levels were 27.5%, 11% and 2.5% respectively. There was a significant relation between depression and social support(r=-0.37, p<0.001) and negative life events(r=0.42, p<0.001).There was a significant difference in social support (p<0.05) and negative life events (p<0.05) between depressed and non depressed groups. With regard to the high prevalence of depression in this study in companion to some other studies in Iran and significant relation between depression during pregnancy and social support and negative life events, necessity of patient finding during pregnancy is suggested. Increase of social support and decrease of negative life events may be effective to prevention of depression during pregnancy.