فاطمه دافعیان

The aim of the present study was to discover the components of irreligiousness among boy adolescents. This qualitative research was based on the social constructionist theory of Charmaz (2005). For sampling, a targeted method of homogeneous type was used. The criterion of the number of participants was based on theoretical saturation. For this purpose, after visiting seven religious boys' schools in Isfahan, the number of 10 students according to the entry criteria of interest in cooperation, permission to record and implement interviews and the age range of 15 to 18 years and the exit criteria of not having physical and psychological problems acute and not having religious aversion tendencies, was chosen. In order to collect data, a semi-structured focal type interview was used. The analysis of the contextual theory by the method of Charmaz (2014) revealed three components: a) The nature of atheism contained three core codes, which were: 1) the desire to make decisions based on individual diagnosis, 2) choosing religion as one from the types of life values, 3) acting based on individual diagnoses; b) the class of reasons for atheism with axial codes; 1) individual-oriented causes (with open codes of awakening instincts, curiosity and avoiding advice, inability to manage instincts) and 2) other-oriented causes (with open codes of friends and family, the role of society and the media, and social interactions) and c) the category of how to avoid religion With the main codes: 1) matching with the congregation (with open codes of matching with friend and matching with family), 2) finding contrary evidence for religiosity (inference in favor of atheism from social events, overgeneralization in favor of atheism) and 3) Finding supporting evidence for atheism (finding fault with religious people and positive perceptions of religion). According to the results, it can be said that to correct irreligiousness, strategies must be designed to cover all four dimensions of irreligiousness, otherwise, the correction strategies may not have the necessary results.

The sexual abuse of children and adolescents is a significant public health issue that leads to a variety of detrimental social, cultural, and familial consequences. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and agoraphobia treatment on emotional regulation and psychological resilience in adolescent girls who have experienced sexual abuse.

This study employed a quasi-experimental design featuring a pretest-posttest approach, including a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised all adolescent girls who experienced sexual abuse in Isfahan in 2023. 45 participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently randomly assigned to three groups. The data collection tools used in this study were the Mittmannsgruber Hyperemotion Questionnaire (2009) and the Kloof et al. Psychological Resilience Questionnaire (2002). The first experimental group underwent ten sessions of self-determination skills training based on the Field and Hoffman protocol (1994), while the second experimental group participated in eight sessions of agoraphobia treatment following the McCullough protocol (2003). The control group was also placed on a waiting list. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, employing a mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures statistical method.

The results indicated that the mean ages of the participants in the self-determination skills training group, the agoraphobia group, and the control group were 15.2, 16.5, and 15.7 years, respectively. Furthermore, the members of all three groups were comparable and homogeneous. The findings indicated that both self-determination skills training and agoraphobia treatment interventions were effective in enhancing positive meta-emotion and psychological resilience among adolescent girls with a history of sexual abuse during the post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). However, only the agoraphobia treatment was effective in improving negative meta-emotion. There was a significant difference between the two experimental groups regarding the effectiveness of treatment on hyperemotion and psychological resilience. The treatment for agoraphobia proved to be more effective than the training in self-determination skills.

The findings indicate that both treatment methods—agoraphobia therapy and self-determination skills training—are effective in enhancing the psychological well-being of adolescent girls who have experienced sexual abuse. Notably, agoraphobia therapy demonstrates a greater effectiveness in improving hyper-emotionality and psychological resilience among these individuals. Consequently, these treatments can serve as complementary approaches to alleviate the psychological challenges faced by girls who have undergone sexual abuse.

The aim of the present study was the effectiveness of narrative therapy on meta emotion and reflective functioning among adolescent girls in Isfahan city.
The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all adolescent girls aged in Isfahan city. 40 people were selected by available sampling and replaced in two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. The research tools were Fonagy's Reflective Functioning questionnaire (2016) and Mitmansgruber's meta-emotion questionnaire (2009). The experimental group gave 8 sessions of 90-minute narrative therapy intervention based on De Manck's (1941) protocol and the control group was on the waiting list. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and at two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (variance analysis with repeated measurements) levels (P<0.001).
The mean and standard deviation for the post-test stage of positive meta-emotion were 25.95±3.92 and 19.55±2.9, negative meta-emotion 7.15±2.60 and 13/10±2/91, and reflective functioning in the post-test stage 66±7.23 and 39.16±5.63 in the control group. That the findings showed that mean positive meta-emotion and reflective functioning to the control group had increased significantly and mean negative meta-emotion to the control group had increased decreases (P<0.001).
Based on this, it can be concluded that the narrative therapy method improves the mental health of adolescent girls and improves their cognitive and emotional components.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of affect phobia therapy (APT) and acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) on the emotional self-awareness and perception of suffering in patients with chronic pain disorders.

This was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population infertile patients with chronic pain disorders to pain centers Isfahan in 2023. 45 of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in to three gropes. Data collection tools were emotional self-awareness questionnaire and perception of suffering questionnaire. The first experimental group underwent eight sessions of APT of the McCullough protocol (2003) and the second experimental group underwent eight sessions of ACT protocol of Dahl (2015). The control group was placed on the waiting list. Data analysis was done using of Analysis of covariance with SPSS-23.

The results showed that both interventions were effective in emotional self-awareness and reducing perception of patients with chronic pain disorders in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.05). There was significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-test and follow-up stages in emotional self-awareness and ACT was more effective than APT (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-test and follow-up stages in Perception of Suffering (P>0.05).

Both treatments are effective in improving the mental health patients with chronic pain disorders and can be used to reduce psychological problems in pain disorders treatment centers.

Adolescence is a period in which, due to changes in maturity, values and identity crisis, the possibility of psychological and behavioral problems in people increases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on mental vitality and executive functions among adolescent girls aged 13 to 18 in Isfahan city.

The research method was semi-experimental including a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all adolescent girls aged 13 to 18 in Isfahan city in 2022. Through the available sampling method 40 people were selected from among teenage girls aged 13 to 18 referring to the welfare centers of the 2nd and 3rd regions of Isfahan city, according to the entry and exit criteria and answering the questions of the questionnaires. They were placed by a simple random method in two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The research tools were Ryan and Frederick and Kolich neuro-psychology questionnaires. The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of 90-minute narrative therapy intervention based on Gerald de Manck's  protocol; while the control group was on the waiting list. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and at two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (variance analysis with repeated measurements) levels (p<0.001).

The mean and standard deviation of the mental vitality scores in the post-test stage were 25.95±3.92 in the experimental group and 19.55±2.91 in the control group. The mean and standard deviation of the executive function scores in the post-test stage were 17/30±3.21 in the experimental group and 29.40 ± 4.60 in the control group. The findings showed that the average scores of mental vitality had increased significantly compared to the control group and the scores of executive functions in its subscales had decreased compared to the control group (p<0/001).

Based on the findings of present research, it can be concluded that narrative therapy has a significant effect on increasing the mental vitality and improving the executive functions of adolescent girls in Isfahan city. Therefore, it is necessary to use narrative therapy training as one of the ways to improve the psychological factors of our adolescent girl’s generation in educational centers and administrators of our country.

the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between mental Toughness and meditation in women of Isfahan city. The current research design is descriptive-correlation type and its statistical population was all women from districts 1 to 3 of Isfahan city, 173 people were selected as a statistical sample using the available sampling method. The data collection tool included the 48-question mental Toughness questionnaire of Clough et al. and Fonagy\'s reflective function questionnaire, whose validity and reliability have been confirmed in previous studies and the present study. The collected data were analyzed by one-sample t-test, Pearson\'s correlation and multiple regression with the simultaneous method at the significance level )P<0.05(. The obtained results showed that there is a significant relationship between mental toughness and its components with the confidence factor of reflective function. Also, the results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between mental toughness and its components with the uncertainty factor of reflective action. Among the predictor variables, confidence in one\'s abilities and challenge have the highest correlation coefficient with the confidence factor of reflective function, and the variables of confidence in one\'s abilities and emotional control have the highest correlation coefficient with the uncertainty factor of reflective function. Therefore, it can be said that high levels of mental toughness can affect the amount of reflective function of women. The results of this research can help to increase the mental health of women.