فاطمه رمضان پور

Some of avian orthopedic problems occur as a result of trauma (ceiling fan injuries, flying into a window or mirror, or getting stepped on); others occur from nutritional imbalances or as a result of genetic or developmental problems. An adult female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was presented to the clinic of faculty of veterinary medicine of Razi University (Kermanshah, Iran) with a history of being unable to fly. Physical examination revealed some abnormality in the left wing. Radiographic examination showed radius and ulna midshaft fracture angular malunion. The bird was prepared for aseptic surgery and so malunion part of the bone was cut. After correction and aligning of the bones, both ulna and radius were fixed with intramedullary pin. The bird was discharged without any complication. Case follow up showed an uneventful improvement and 6 weeks later the ulna pin was removed, but the radius pin was remained. Most of the orthopedic techniques developed for mammals can be applied to birds, taking into account the anatomical differences in avian species, and whether or not the bird can have flight restored. Fracture malunion in raptors can compromise muscle and tendon function and adversely affect normal activities that are essential for survival of these species. Malunion can be acutely corrected by osteotomy techniques, followed by bone fixation that provides sufficient stability to allow unimpeded healing with minimal soft tissue injury.

The time of umbilical cord clamping is an important strategy for better prognosis of preterm and full-term infants, and all health care providers should be informed about the components and importance of this approach. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the time and duration of umbilical cord clamping in the delivery or operating room of Khorasan Razavi Hospitals.

This descriptive study was conducted on 1237 babies born in the delivery or operating room of Khorasan Razavi public Hospitals between 2020 and 2022 with available sampling. In each hospital, a researcher assistant midwife who was not involved in the delivery process recorded the time of umbilical cord clamping after birth, and in the next step, she recorded the possible cause of early umbilical cord clamping by asking the obstetrician. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26) and descriptive statistics tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In this study, 165 neonates (13.4%) were premature and 1072 neonates (86.6%) were born full term. In addition, 915 neonates (73.96%) were born naturally and other 322 neonates (26.04%) by cesarean section. The mean duration of the umbilical cord clamping of the newborns was 35.25 ± 27.29 second, which was reported as 21.29 ± 14.95 second in cesarean section and 40.22 ± 28.92 second in natural delivery. In 719 neonates (58.1%), the umbilical cord is closed before 30 seconds and in 322 neonates (26%) before 15 seconds. Among the causes of early umbilical cord clamping, hasting by obstetrician (30%), caesarean section (3.7%), doctor's routine (2.1%) and mother's non-cooperation (1.5%) were the most common causes.

Umbilical cord clamping is done quickly or very quickly in the delivery room of Khorasan Razavi public hospitals, and in caesarean section, this urgency is very noticeable, and the most common cause of hasting is obstetrician. Therefore, correcting the thinking of the obstetrician in order to improve the time of umbilical cord clamping seems necessary. Delaying umbilical cord clamping plays an important role in the transition from fetal to newborn blood circulation and improves the health of newborns.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of flipped classroom on the burnout and academic motivation of fourth grade students. Quantitative research design and semi-experimental method, pre-test-post-test design was carried out with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all the fourth grade students of the elementary school studying in the academic year of 1401-1400 in Babolsar city, numbering 1726 people. The research sample was also selected from the fourth grade as a replacement random sampling. A total of 30 people were selected in such a way that 15 people were in the control group and 15 people were selected in the experimental group. . Research data using Maslach's academic burnout questionnaire and Schaufeli et.'s academic motivation. al. (2002) was collected. Reliability of the academic motivation questionnaire Schaufeli et. al. (2002) was also validated as Cronbach's strength factor was 0.94, self-dedication factor was 0.92, and attraction factor was 0.79, and its validity was confirmed by factor analysis and Cronbach's coefficient. The reliability and validity of Maslach's academic burnout questionnaire has been confirmed based on internal consistency and retesting. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of emotional exhaustion was 0.88, doubt was 0.90, and self-efficacy was 0.84, which indicated the appropriate reliability of this tool. The factorial validity of the test was also calculated by factor analysis and varimax rotation. The obtained alpha coefficient for divergent validity for emotional exhaustion, doubt and self-efficacy subscales was -0.21, -0.53 and -0.32 respectively. Inferential statistics including multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance were used, respecting the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances. The results indicate that flipped classroom has been effective on the variables of emotional exhaustion, academic apathy, academic inefficiency and the overall score of academic burnout (P<0.05).

The present study was implemented with the aim of investigating the outcomes of pregnancy in cases affected by COVID-19.

The study is a case series of a record review type, which examines the characteristics of 27 pregnant women with COVID-19 referred to the Qaem Hospital in Mashhad in 2020. The case series of all pregnant women with a positive PCR or features of COVID-19 on lung CT scans. Maternal consequences were medical records, signs, disease progress, laboratory and imaging findings, and fetal-neonatal outcomes. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 software.

The mean age of the pregnant women with COVID-19 was 31.07 ± 5.86 years. Most cases (63.0%) were in the third trimester of pregnancy and only 14.8% were in the second trimester. Cough and Fever were the most common complaints. Maternal mortality was reported in 4.7% of the cases and Neonatal death was 14.8%. Among maternal messages, preeclampsia (18.5%) was the most common. Among the newborns’ consequences, the hospitalization of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (44.4%) was the highest.

COVID-19 infection in pregnant women can lead to severe maternal complications, including an increased risk of maternal death and preterm delivery, as well as fetal and neonatal consequences such as fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and neonatal death. However, to reduce the risk of infection and the associated severe side effects, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for pregnant women.