فاطمه شعبانی

 Although several studies have been conducted on the relationship between personality traits and sports injuries, their relationship with the occurrence of sports injuries is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review study was to review the relationship between personality factors presented in Williams and Anderson’s stress sports injury model.

 The present study was a systematic review. Search for articles was conducted in the specialized databases “Embase,” “Medline,” “SPORTDiscus,” “Biomed Central,” “Web of Science,” and “PubMed” from inception until May 2021. The keywords “sports injury,” “sensation seeking,” “achievement motivation,” “locus of control,” “anxiety,” “personality traits,” and “hardiness” were used for the search.

 The literature search in different databases led to the extraction of 1283 articles. After duplicate removal, article screening, and full-text assessment, 28 articles were found that examined the association between personality traits and sports injuries. The study of the content of these articles showed a significant relationship between trait anxiety and the emergence of sports injuries. However, there are conflicting results regarding the relationship between locus of control and sensation seeking with the occurrence of sports injuries. Additionally, the number of studies on the relationship between hardiness and achievement motivation with sports injuries was limited.

 A review of previous studies suggests a significant relationship between competitive trait anxiety and sports injuries. Further studies are needed to draw better and stronger conclusions about the relationship between mental hardiness, locus of control, sensation seeking, and achievement motivation with sports injuries.

Contracts and agreements have historically underpinned myriad transactions, shaping human interactions on diverse issues. The intricate relationship between contracts and the conditions they entail has been a focal point for legal scholars and practitioners throughout history. This study delves into the nuanced dichotomy of convergent and divergent perspectives, providing a profound exploration of the fundamental connection between contracts and their accompanying conditions. In the convergent paradigm, conditions are intrinsically interwoven within the fabric of contracts, constituting their vital components. In this view, the condition assumes a primary role, and any deviation, violation, or non-observance can severely weaken or even invalidate the contract. Conversely, divergent viewpoints present conditions as entities parallel yet intricately connected to contracts. Here, conditions are viewed as secondary, existing as distinct yet symbiotic elements. This perspective posits that contracts and conditions are two interrelated yet separate compromises, each integral to the other. This discourse extends into civil law, where prevailing views underscore the divergence between the contract and its conditions. According to Article 233, the nullity of a condition does not necessarily  impede the validity of the entire contract, unless it damages the contract's fundamental elements. This study critically examines existing views, identifying their inherent flaws and limitations. Through rigorous data analysis and logical reasoning, it becomes evident that both divergent and convergent perspectives fall short in providing adequate justifications for the comprehensive connection between various conditions and contracts. Sovereignty of will, often cited as the defining criterion for justifying the independence of conditions from contracts, proves insufficient. This inadequacy becomes apparent when considering stipulated conditions and their substantive relationships with the original contract. Additionally, examples of independent conditions extend beyond the confines of existing classifications, encompassing a wide array of valid conditions, including those that pass under specific circumstances. To address these complexities, this research endeavors to establish a contemporary and nuanced criterion for distinguishing the relationship between contracts and conditions. It delves into the core question: Is the relationship between conditions and contracts entirely subordinate and dependent, or can scenarios be imagined where conditions exist independently, even in cases of contract nullity? The study navigates the intricacies of dependent and independent conditions, drawing comparisons with established jurisprudential references. Recognizing independence based solely on a condition's ability to survive without a contract proves inadequate. The study delves deep into the exact meanings of converging and diverging contracts and conditions, exploring their scopes, effects, and underlying beliefs. In conclusion, the research posits that the substantive degree of connection between conditions desired by parties and the fundamental elements of a contract serves as the pivotal criterion. Independent conditions, possessing inherent binding identities, maintain their validity even in the event of nullified contracts, exemplifying their indispensable role in governing various contractual facets. Dependent conditions, on the other hand, find their purpose within the broader contractual framework, tethered to the exchange's quantity, quality, or specific transactional aspects. This dichotomy elucidates the diverse landscape of contractual relationships, underscoring the need for a nuanced understanding of conditions within the framework of contracts.

The freedom and dominion of will [supremacy of will], in addition to the law, are also restricted by public order and good deed (Arabic: الخلق الحسن, good behavior) in our Law [the Iranian Legal System]. Contracts contrary to public order are null and void. In this case, the condition is the same as a contract, and the rule of non-enforceability of contracts against public order and morals can also be extended to terms against public order and morals. Condition in this case is the same as the contract, and the ruling of inability to enforce contracts contrary to public order and good deed can also be extended and generalized to the conditions contrary to public order and good order. One of the conditions that couples under the influence of the current socioeconomic status are willing to include it in the contract of marriage in order to turn the other party’s adherence to this condition into a requirement having sanctity is the condition of not getting pregnant (failure of offspring), which is one of the serious challenges about it, is the issue of contradiction or non-contradiction with public order and good deed. We tried to answer this question by descriptive-analytical method in this study: What is the status of the condition of not getting pregnant in marriage in terms of validity or invalidity (annulment) due to opposition to public order and good deed? Finally, we found that considering the relativity of the concepts of public order and good morals, the condition of not getting pregnant in terms of validity or invalidity also becomes a variable and relative matter, and its contradiction or non-contradiction with public order and good deed completely depends on the status of each time period and the situation of each region. However, it can be said that this condition under normal circumstances is not against public order and good morals. In the legal texts of the United Kingdom and the United States, childbearing is not considered as one of the positive rights of couples towards each other, and its failure is not against the public order of these two countries.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of combined training and subsequent eight weeks of detraining on apelin levels in type 2 diabetic women.  

In this experimental study, 30 postmenopausal diabetic women with an age range of 50 to 65 years, overweight (body mass index: 30.42 ± 0.835 Kg / m2) were divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group trained for a 12 weeks. Training program (3 sessions per week) according to the combined aerobic program ( 50 to 75  percent of the maximum reserve heart rate) and then resistance training ( 50 to 75 percent of one maximum repetition) and then experienced three weeks of detraining. The apelin level, insulin, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, and percent body fat were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA at a significance level of (p>0.05).

Serum Aplin level in the training group increased significantly at the end of the training period (p = 0.04) and decreased significantly in the detraining period (p = 0.001). Also, these changes compared to the control group was significant (p = 0.016). Fasting blood sugar and insulin levels in the training group compared to the control had a significant decrease at the end of the training and detraining period (p = 0.001).

Combined exercise seems to increase aplin and detraining can partially destroy the positive effects of exercise in this regard.

In recent years, special attention has been paid to developments based on smart cities. This important approach to planning has entered in recent years and allows city officials to interact directly with the community and urban infrastructure and respond to the needs of the city and its citizens. The approach of integrating information and communication technology and different physical devices connected to the IoT network is to optimize urban processes and provide optimal services and communication with citizens. The technique used in this research is SWOT. The present study aims to meet the criteria. Placing localized and applied components in accordance with local conditions to define the smart city, therefore, using the SWOT analytical method to evaluate the problems and in accordance with the strategies resulting from the method to define the smart city. Strategies to make Bushehr a smart city include: improving education, encouraging citizens to use public transportation, reducing internet connection costs, and more.

One of the conditions that couples, under the influence of the current socio-economic situation, are willing to include in marriage is the condition of not having children, while the legitimacy of this condition is a challenging issue in jurisprudence. In the present study, we are trying to answer the question of the legitimacy of the condition of not having children by descriptive-analytical method The result of the research is that the legitimacy and obligation of the mentioned condition from the point of view of certain jurists is not a license to commit a forbidden act or to use illegitimate methods in order to fulfill it, and in case of disturbing the obligatory obedience of the couple, the condition is not permissible. Also, if procreation becomes necessary in the society under certain conditions, the secondary ruling of having children is obligatory, and in this case, the condition of not having children in the marriage contract is certainly not legitimate and obligatory.

One of the conditions that couples, under the influence of current socio-economic and cultural status, want to include in marriage contract, is the condition of non-childbearing; That one of the serious challenges around it is the issue of its legitimacy from the point of view of the law .In the present study, by using descriptive-analytical method, we seek to answer the question: what is the meaning of illegitimate condition considered by the legislator in Article 232 of the Civil Law and whether the condition of non-childbearing is included in it or not? After examining the concept of illegitimate condition from the point of view of lawyers, we found that the mentioned condition is not included in any of its cases and is a legitimate condition from the point of view of civil law. The sanction of the mentioned condition will be, as the case may be, the demand for damages, the payment of the obligation money or, according to Article 1119 of the Civil Law, the wife's right to divorce.

Human survival and growth are inseparable from energy and facing serious ultimatum and threats. With the rapid growth of the world's population and the development of the global economy, the energy demand is growing. This leads to unbalanced development of the environment, energy, and population. Currently, most renewable resources are stored and transmitted as electrical energy. Energy storage using an emerging technology that can improve energy usage efficiently and be environmentally friendly at the same time has attracted widespread attention from academics and policy-makers. Batteries and supercapacitors are complementary electrochemical energy storage systems and are the most promising technologies for storing electrical energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are among the newest materials introduced in the last two decades, with the possibility of energy storage and energy conversion usage. This study mainly introduces and reviews the applications of MOF-derived metal oxide composites in batteries (Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Li-S, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs)) and supercapacitors.

The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance training with low to moderate intensity on cognitive flexibility in the older adults above 60 years old.

40 healthy older were randomly assigned into an experimental and control groups. The inhabitation control was assessed by the more-odd task, conducted in the three stages; before intervention, 15 and 180 minutes after intervention. Strength training for the experimental group were performed with low intensity (40% -10RM) and moderate (70% -10RM). Data were analyzed by 2 × 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05.

The results of the study showed that acute resistance training had a significant effect on the response time , response accuracy and shifting index of the more-odd task in the older adults (p 0.05), while the more-odd task conduct time after resistance training had a significant effect on the test results (p

About 8 to 26% of women suffer from postpartum depression. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of auriculotherapy in anxiety reduction points on postpartum depression in nulliparous women.

This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 166 women who were admitted to labor ward in Kamkar hospital in 2018. The subjects were assigned to the intervention and control groups. Auriculotherapy in stress and anxiety reduction points was performed in dilatation 4-6 cm, 6-8 cm and finally 6 hours after delivery. Thus, acupuncture on ear was done between the contractions for 30 seconds in both ears at intervals of 10 minutes. Then in the second stage, depression was assessed between 10-15 days after delivery by Beck questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Chi-square and Independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results, 72 (96%) in the intervention group and 66 (91.7%) in the Auriculotherapy group had minor depression, but mild and moderate depression in the intervention group was less than the control group (p = 0.549).

This study did not show a reduction in maternal depression with acupressure on the ear. It is recommended to examine other points of pressure in the ear and also this intervention should be done for a longer period in terms of performing acupressure on the ear and following more than a period of 14 days.

In the current socio-economic situation, one of the most challenging issues for couples, which sometimes lead to deep problems between them, is the issue of having or not having children and the conditions about it in marriage contract. Providing multiple and various definitions about marriage and lack of consensus on this type of contract, and also the emphasized and repeated orders of the Shari' on the issue of childbearing and reproduction in religious texts have been caused Some jurists consider childbearing as the main reason and the ultimate goal of Shari' for marriage, and they conclude the condition of non- childbearing in the marriage contract is contrary to the requirements and nature of the contract. This paper which is done by descriptive-analytical method, has been studied this issue and responded to this question: What is the status of stipulating non-childbearing condition in marriage contract due to the validity or invalid of invalidated of contract marriage, the condition which seems is opposed to the nature of marriage contract? Finally, after examining the views and existing reasons according to the famous quotes from early Imami jurists about permission of ejaculate and validity of non-sexual condition and also due to the jurists' views stating that a woman can use the temporary contraception tools even without her husband's permission, if they are not harmful to women's health and don't harm marital rights too, And also by relying on the validity of the marriage with sterile, elderly and postmenopausal women have no fertility, it has been cleared that the condition of non-childbearing is not contrary to the nature of the marriage contract; Because the purpose and goal of marriage is to achieve various things and childbearing is only one of the effects of marriage, not just its unique purpose.

Urban is a social institution and itʹs identity not only a locational reality but also it is a reality with social, cultural, economical elements. They are formed by preserving the physical and architectural exclusive characteres, social accumulation and citizen lifestyle in the historic variation processes. Cities loss their readability and identity in changing and sprawl trends. This applied research, examined the effect of the urban spatial stractural changes and sprawl expansion on its identity in Sari. The research method is documentary and field studies, the processing and Structural analysis were performed by using smart pls software and the hypothesis of the effect of urban expantion and sprawl on the physical, functional, perceptual factors of identity was confirmed with regression coefficients -0.746, 0.798 and -0.722. The results showed that urban sprawl led to loss of the physical and preceptual factors of urban mental image landscape and urban historic tradition center and reduction of social cohesion. The result of this trend in sari converted Social walking city to the car-friendly sprawl citiy

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Its cause is a new virus from the coronavirus family scientifically named Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review study, articles published in English until March 23, 2020 on new coronavirus infection were reviewed. These articles are obtained by searching in PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases using keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19" and "Coronavirus". The latest COVID-19 statistics and information were extracted from the websites of World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. we investigated the effect of different compounds on the key macromolecules in promoting SARS-COV-2 infection using computational methods and bioinformatics analysis that can be considered as the best targets for designing inhibitory drugs. The most important macromolecules were Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) receptors of the host cell surface and the structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. The most important structural protein was Spike, playing an important role in binding the virus to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell and the entery of the virus genome into it, while the key non-structural proteins were 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Papain-like cysteine proteinase (PLpro), and non-structural protein 13 (nsp13) helicase which are involved in viral genome replication and the virus’ release from the host cell.

 The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of combined chamomile-ginger on pain of primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms.

study is a randomized controlled clinical trial on 400 female students of Arak University. After obtaining informed consent, samples were randomly divided into four groups of 100: ginger with honey, chamomile with honey, ginger and chamomile with honey, and finally mefenamic acid. The drugs were taken two consecutive cycles, three times daily from 2 days before menstruation to the first 3 days. Pain intensity, associated symptoms, and bleeding were measured in the first three days of each cycle (one month before the intervention and two months after the intervention). After data collection, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 19 with Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher, Friedman, ANOVA tests with repeated measures at the significant level of 0.05.

 In all four groups, pain severity, the number of painful days, low back pain, analgesic consumption, total symptom score, and bleeding loss were significantly decreased (P=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between groups, excluding total symptom score and bleeding loss. Ginger-chamomile combination was better than other interventions in decreasing total symptom score (P=0.02). Mefenamic acid also had a better effect on reducing bleeding loss than other interventions (P=0.008).

 The results showed that the ginger-chamomile combination acts the same as mefenamic acid in pain control, but it is better in reducing the associated symptom score than mefenamic acid.

The present study investigated the effect of kyphosis correction exercise program on physical function, balance, and the quality of life in older men with hyperkyphosis.  Twenty-four men with kyphosis of ≥50° were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n=12, with Mean±SD age=68.75±2.67 years, Mean±SD height=173.66±3.75 cm, Mean±SD weight=73.5±4.75 kg), and a control group (n=12, with Mean±SD age=69.5±2.64 years, Mean±SD height=174.4±7.78 cm, Mean±SD weight= 75.41±5.21 kg). The intervention group attended the corrective exercises program, consisting of 6 exercises that were conducted in 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Thoracic kyphosis was assessed using flexible ruler and measuring distance between T2-T12 vertebras. Quality of life, static balance on both the eyes open and eyes closed and physical performance were assessed using 36-item Short Form Health Survey, sharpened Romberg test, and 6-minute walk test, respectively. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data, at the significance level of P<0.05. The obtained results suggest that kyphosis corrective exercises program have significant positive effects on physical function, balance, and movement confidence in the elderly people (P<0.05). In addition, after implementing 12 weeks of kyphosis corrective exercises, physical pain, physical function/ limitations, public and mental health were significantly improved (P<0.05). While other dimensions of the quality of life, showed no significant changes (P>0.05). Based on the study results, kyphosis corrective protocol can improve physical function, balance and the quality of life. It could also reduce the economic burden of the disease, and complications related to aging in older men with kyphosis ≤50°. Therefore, we can recommended this corrective exercise program to improve the quality of life and their satisfaction in the elderly.

Professional socialization is the process of gaining and internalizing knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of a specific profession. Through the process gradually, a sense of belonging, and unique professional identity will develop. The aim of this study was to review the barriers, conditions and facilitators of nurses' professional socialization. This is a review article. Electronic journals and databases such as CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MDConsult, OVID, Google Scholar was searched to find studies have been investigated the various aspects of "professional socialization of nurses. The results showed that the work environment and corporate culture, the gaps between theory and practice in nursing and community's attitude toward nursing profession are effective factors in nurses' professional socialization. Promote personal and professional capabilities, reform of resources and organizational structure and training structure, are the strategies for improving nurse's socialization. Among the factors involved in nurses' socialization, formal education system and teachers can have the greatest impact positively or negatively on the professional growth and development of nurses. Therefore, planning to facilitate and promote the professional socialization of nurses, with emphasis on improving the education system and bridging the gap between theory and practice should be considered.

Inequalities of geographical areas due to inappropriate concentration of facilities in various socio-economic areas have led to an increase in potential health risks for people in the community. Radiation protection in hospitals is a very important topic due to some economical, health, human and moral considerations. In order to promote a radiological protection program in hospitals, it is very important to have a good knowledge and attitude, as well as proper practice of personnel in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the current status regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of operating room personnel about radiation protection in Iran.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 332 operating room personnel with random selection in hospitals on the knowledge, attitude and practice at different cities in Iran. To do so, the operating room staff was considered as a statistical society in 1394-95. The respondents to the questionnaire included physicists, nurses, apprentice and secretaries in different hospitals with low, medium and large number of beds. The selected provinces included: Alborz, East Azarbaijan, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Semnan, Qom, Golestan, Gilan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Mazandaran.
The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of operating room personnel in radiation protection and different provinces. Also, the number of hospital beds is affected by the level of knowledge, attitude and performance of the personnel.
According to the findings, it can be concluded that the existence of differences can be due to the lack of care and facilities and the lack of experience of personnel, the number of specialized and limited specialized staff in conducting in-service training courses that necessitates the importance of taking strategies to eliminate them.

The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance training with low to moderate intensity on inhabitation control in the the older adults.  40 healthy older were randomly assigned into an experimental and control groups. The inhabitation control was assessed by the Modified Eriksen flanker task, conducted in the three stages; before intervention, 15 and 180 minutes after intervention. Strength training for the experimental group were performed with low intensity (40% -10RM) and moderate (70% -10RM). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05. The study showed that acute resistance training had a significant effect on the response time and inhibition index of the Modified Eriksen flanker task in the older adults (p <0.05). In addition, the gender had no significant impact on the effect of resistance training on inhabitation control (P> 0.05), while the exercise intensity and Eriksen flanker test conduct time after resistance training had a significant effect on the test results (p <0/05). Acute resistance training in the elderly can improved the inhibitation of dominant, unwanted and habitual behavioral responses (prepotent responses) and intrusive thoughts and, in turn, improve the focus of attention on the main subject.