فاطمه عباسیان

Nowadays, the conversion of villages into cities is considered a major challenge in urbanization and development discussions, and many countries, especially developing ones, are facing this issue. In Iran, the transformation of villages into cities has also been a prominent topic in urban and rural development discussions. This is because the development of this strategy has a significant impact on improving the quality of life in rural areas, promoting balanced distribution of population, facilities, and capital, reducing migration to large cities, and overall sustainable development of regions. The present study aimed to prioritize the development of rural cities with a population of over 4000 (as case studies) in the direction of sustainable regional development in Tabriz, using 24 indicators. The research method was descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and practicality, relying on documental and exploratory data collection. The MORIS method and centrality index were used to rank villages based on these indicators, and then the KENDAL technique was used to combine the rankings obtained from these models and prioritize the final ranking of villages suitable for promotion to cities. The results indicate that Mayan-e Sofla village is ranked first and Alvar-e Sofla village is ranked last for promotion to city status, due to the assessment of their natural, economic, and physical conditions indicating their suitability or unsuitability.

The green space forms part of the public uses of any city Which has different dimensions including environmental function, traffic function, tourism function and aesthetic function. Due to the importance of this land use in urban life, the main purpose of the present study is to evaluate and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative status of parks and gardens in Tehran metropolitan area 1 as one of the dynamic and dynamic areas of Tehran city and the tourism hub of Tehran. The research method of this article is based on descriptive - analytical and survey method and Thiessen and nearest neighbor analysis tools and attraction level model were used The results of data analysis showed that there are deficiencies in area 1 of Tehran metropolitan area in general and in the level of ten areas in terms of per capita green space and park based on derived standards. In fact, the per capita green area calculated in the area of Tehran metropolitan area is 3.65 m 2, while the proposed per capita area is 12 m 2. The results of spatial analysis models of Tysen and nearest neighbor analysis showed that the distribution and distribution of parks and gardens were not randomly distributed. And in terms of the functional radius of neighborhood and district parks, But regional and urban parks and gardens are not favored. In the survey, 381 statistical samples were analyzed in three parks to assess the quality of parks and gardens. That none of the parks had a good level of attractiveness in terms of criteria. And only Niavaran Park is better than the two parks under consideration.

Social stability is of the main elements in sustainable development. Social Stability and social capital  are the  important factors in making, evolution and development of urban . Also, considering the new challenges of the city and urban planning, social capitals and social sustainability in neighborhoods are damaged more than before.  The research goal is to identify the  appropriate variables and indicators of social  stability (such as security, social and spatial justice, social capital and  social solidarity, belonging and sense of spatiality; this aim is to achieve social sustainability of neighborhoods by cultural and social planning. The present study is qualitative-quantitative and descriptive-analytical in nature and is applied in terms of purpose. In the field stage, 384 persons were selected as a statistical sample and persons over 18 were under in-situ questioning using random sampling method. Then, using AZP (Automatic Zoning Problem), spatial analysis of field findings at the neighborhoods level was performed.  The research findings related to investigate the factors of social stability and improve the stability of Sorkhab neighborhood concluded that there are many challenges and instabilities in terms of social at Sorkhab neighborhood. Security is one of the challenges at Sorkhab neighborhood of Tabriz, which has challenged the social stability of the neighborhood. Also, the average downward rate of the identity of the citizens of Sorkhab neighborhood leads to decrease the sense of belonging to the neighborhood to decrease  social controls and an increase social anomalies. However, one of the main reasons for the loss of social capital in this urban neighborhoods is the incorrect plans renovation of the neighborhoods in upstream urban development documents such as master plans, unplanned constructions without a plan based on financial gain, have led to the destruction of neighborhood organization and social ties.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology in general, and the flourishing education on anxiety, depression, and resilience of gifted school students in particular.

In order to achieve the research purpose and to determine the effectiveness, a pre-test-post-test design was used with the control group. The statistical sample of this study included 50 female students of Farzanegan High School in Torbat Heydariyeh. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were first administered to the statistical population, which included all high school students. The 50 students with the highest score on DASS and the lowest score on the resilience scale were selected as the participants of the study and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, flourishing education was performed in 14 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions per week). But the control group did not receive any treatment at first and at the end of the research, treatment was conducted for the control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 through covariance analysis.

The results of the covariance analysis showed that due to the significant F value, the research hypothesis was confirmed at the confidence level of 99% based on the efficacy of flourishing education protocol on anxiety, depression, and resilience variables. Flourishing education reduces anxiety and depression and increases the resilience of students in the experimental group, compared to the control group.

In the current situation where the high cost of travel along with the concerns caused by urbanization does not allow all citizens of Tehran to attend the pleasant climate outside the city, it seems that one of the most desirable ways to ward off fatigue and everyday life is to take refuge in urban parks such as Ab'o Atash park. Congestion, Bad economic situation and lack of time in Tehran have made urban parks have a major role in filling citizens leisure time.The need to pay attention to urban parks and the satisfaction of citizens from them are the main framework of this research. In the present study, first, by studying the theoretical background of the research, the researchers extracted the most important factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists, which have the highest frequency and can be measured in the park under study, and designed the research questionnaire. The results of field studies were analyzed after entering SPSS and LISREL software; The results of Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the validity of all research variables and all research indicators were evaluated as effective on the satisfaction of Ab'o Atash park tourists; also,

Electromagnetic compatibility and interference is the premise of any electrical and electronic device; Therefore, the modern design of electronic and telecommunication systems requires that these systems be compatible with the electromagnetic environment around them; And the design must be done in such a way that these disturbances inflict the least impact on the performance of the system. In transmission substations, equipment that passes high currents leads to the production of interfering and disturbing fields. Because control cables are sensitive equipment of transmission substations, they are affected by these interference fields. Satisfying the path of control cables in the event of unconventional fields is one of the points to consider in the posts. The strategy and type of analysis are such that the parameters of electromagnetic compatibility, price and voltage drop are reviewed as decision criteria for optimal routing.

Voicing is one of the controversial matters in phonetics. As we know consonants divide to two parts, voiced and voiceless. The vibration of vocal cords during closure makes consonants voiced and when we don’t have vibration during closure, we will have voiceless consonants. At the onset of syllable, If a vowel or a sonorant consonant comes after consonant, being voiced or voiceless feature affect the voice onset time of vowel or sonorant. VOT (voice onset time) is a term that created by Abramson and Lisker in 1964 and it is the time interval between stop release and beginning of waves which shows larynx movement leads to articlate a vowel. One of the effective factors on VOT is the place of stop consonant in word (context). In this paper VOT measured in PRAATsoftware in three places (initial, intervocalic and after voiceless fricative). Results showed that the difference between VOT in three places is meaningful.

Among the voicing cues, Voice Onset Time (VOT) is one of the most important. Voice Onset Time (VOT) is a term which was innovated by Abramson and Lisker (1964) and it is so called as the duration of the time period between the releasing of a plosive and the beginning of vocal fold vibration. This period is usually measured in milliseconds (ms). In this research, VOT was examined as a feature in voicing distinction at two positions (initial and intervocalic) through articulatory tests. Some Ilami Kurdish words were collected by recording the speech of five male and five female speakers. The results showed that VOT is one of the most prominent cues for the voicing distinction. The findings showed that Ilami Kurdish dialect is among languages which use two non-adjacent categories {voices} and {voiceless aspirated} to show voicing distinction. Because of survival of aspiration phenomenon at mentioned positions, we can say that the speakers of Ilami prefer the Articulatory Uniformity Principle over the Articulatory Ease Principle.

Electronic mail (e-mail) as a means of fast and effective communication which has removed the barriers of distance and time has become very commonplace and important in institutional environments. Speakers of English as a foreign language across different disciplines need to enhance their awareness of the generic and formal features of the e-mail genre in order to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of their correspondence. Following genre analysis studies such as Swales (1990)، Bhatia (1993)، Santos (2002)، Vergaro (2004)، and Samraj and Monk (2008)، and in line with studies on electronic messages such as Gains (1999)، Gimenez (2000، 2006)، and Jensen (2009)، the present genre-based research was conducted to analyse e-mails exchanged between EFL teachers and biology professionals for the purposes of requesting and providing information at two criteria of the macro-textual and micro-levels of the two corpora to present a tentative model. The results revealed clear discrepancies between the parallel constitutive moves، strategies and formal features due to cross-disciplinary variations and the prevalence of intertextuality. The findings of this study have pedagogical implications for devising courses، preparing teaching materials and raising ESP instructors'' awareness of learners'' problems.

The assessment of the normal heart parameters in healthy animals for evaluation of heart structure, function and cardiovascular disease are necessary. In this study 10 male lori- bakhtiari sheep with one year age and weights 42kg ±3kg were selected. All sheep were normal in clinical examination. The left ventricle was evaluated by B-mode and M-mode systems.Echocardiography was done in 4 and 5 intercostal spaces.Mean of the (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole (LVIDs), left ventricular free wall thickness at end-diastole (LVFWd), left ventricular free wall thickness at end-systole (LVFWs), left atrial dimension (IVSd), interventricular septal thickness at end-systole (IVSs), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole.