فاطمه فرهادی

In response to the substantial reliance on imported edible oils and oilseeds, a key agenda of the government and the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad is the expansion and enhancement of oilseed cultivation, specifically focusing on rapeseed. Consequently, the Agricultural Jahad Organization of Mazandaran Province has prioritized the development and expansion of rapeseed cultivation. This study aims to identify and analysis the driving and inhibiting factors influencing the development of rapeseed cultivation in the eastern region of Mazandaran province.

This study utilized a mixed-model paradigm, incorporating descriptive-exploratory research. Data collection occurred in two phases and underwent analysis using MAXQDA Analytics Pro and SPSS software. In the qualitative phase, crucial factors affecting rapeseed cultivation were gathered through interviews with 14 experts, researchers, and leading farmers in Mazandaran province, selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was designed to assess the significance of identified factors from the perspective of rapeseed growers. The sample consisted of 3637 active rapeseed farmers in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province. The sample size in this section was determined using Daniel's formula and the samples were selected based on multistage simple random sampling with proportional assignment. In this way, 231 rapeseed growers were studied.

Qualitative content analysis identified 31 variables as significant driving factors and 50 variables as major inhibiting factors for rapeseed cultivation development in Mazandaran province. The quantitative findings revealed that approximately 53.4% of the variance in factors promoting rapeseed cultivation development was explained by extension-educational factors, advantageous-technical factors, input-support factors, and cultivation-facilitating factors. Furthermore, about 55.4% of the variance in inhibiting factors was attributed to physiological characteristics and climatic factors, economic and marketing issues, inappropriate farm management, weak resources and infrastructure, and extension-educational factors.

Based on the results, this study proposes implementing targeted extension-educational activities, effective farm and production unit management, and supportive policies, including financial assistance, to foster the development of rapeseed cultivation in the east rural areas of Mazandaran province.

Business development and job creation is one of the basic needs of developing countries including Iran. Considering the growing world markets as well as the climatic and resources conditions of the Mazandaran province, the development of medicinal plant cultivation in the appropriate areas of the province can be effective in the field of development and job creation in the rural areas of the province and help to improve the conditions. This research was designed and implemented with the aim of explaining the factors related to the development of medicinal plant cultivation in Mazandaran province from the experts’ perspective in order to improve the employment status of farmers.

This research is with a quantitative paradigm and descriptive-correlation type, and a survey technique was used to collect data. The statistical population of this research included all the experts of agricultural Jihad centers in Mazandaran province (434 experts). The required sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, and the simple random sampling method was used to select the samples. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by a group of experts in agricultural extension and education. The questionnaire was sent online as well as a part of it in printed form to the selected experts and finally 166 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. To determine the level of need and necessity of paying attention to each of the factors related to the development of medicinal plant cultivation and improving the employment status of farmers, Borich's needs assessment model was used.

Based on the results of the research, among the factors related to the development of medicinal plant cultivation and the improvement of the employment status of farmers, in the dimension of producers’ training, the first priority of need and necessity to pay attention from the perspective of the experts was providing training through the creation of model farms for medicinal plants.In the dimension of institutional and structural factors, among the examined subjects, the first priority of need and necessity of attention was the subject of standardization of product packaging and the subject of paying credit facilities with low interest to cultivate medicinal plants in farms took second place.

According to the results of the research and taking into account the fact that most of the farmers of the province are old and traditional and risk-averse, creating model farms and observing the possibility of cultivating medicinal plants and its benefits in the conditions of the region by farmers can lead to acceptance and development of medicinal plants cultivation, therefore, it is suggested that the planners and policy makers of the responsible organizations, especially the agricultural jihad organization, should prioritize the creation of model farms in their plans. Also, providing the necessary facilities and training to farmers by responsible organizations such as Agricultural Jihad or the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, so that farmers are able to sell their products with proper packaging and appearance to the domestic and foreign markets, can lead to proper sales and income generation for farmers.

The purpose of the present research is to determine the difference between document styles and failure tolerance in pre-university girls and boys. The current research was correlational and post-event. The statistical population of the research includes 250 male and female pre-university students in the three cities of Tehran who are studying in the academic year of 2018-2019 and were selected by random cluster sampling method and questionnaires and questionnaires They completed tolerance of failure. Pearson's correlation coefficients, independent t-test and significance test of the difference of correlation coefficients in two groups were used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of this research showed that in girls in a negative situation, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between internal attribution style and all dimensions of failure tolerance and general attributions with intolerance of discomfort, progress and competence. In boys, positive stability documents had a negative and significant relationship with emotional intolerance, and in general negative documents, a positive and significant relationship was observed with discomfort intolerance and progress discomfort intolerance. Also, the results of this research show that the difference between the averages of the two groups in the variable of positive internal attributions and the variables of emotional intolerance, intolerance of discomfort, progress and competence is significant. Also, the difference between the correlation between the two groups in the relationships of some components of documentary style and failure tolerance is significant. Based on these results, it is suggested to design and implement courses to improve students' documentation style in order to reduce the effects of failure tolerance

Ali Amini entered different fields of politics during his life. Due to his political position, he was noticed by America and because of this, he became the prime minister with the support of America. He took important actions during his chancellorship. Land reform, which was a program from Kennedy, the president of the United States, was entrusted to him, and this caused him to have more troubles with the Shah. Because the king wanted to make these reforms for his own benefit. So, when Amini was trying to implement reforms, Mohammadreza Pahlavi was trying to finish his land reforms in his name during his travel to America. As a result, the continuation of reforms fell into the hands of the Shah and Amini was dismissed. The purpose of this article is to analyze the political conflicts between Mohammad Reza Shah and Ali Amini. The question of the current research is why Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was afraid of the American support for Amini and tried to prevent land reforms in the name of Amini? The findings of the research show that the Shah was afraid of the great power of Amini and fear of losing the monarchy and tried to preserve his power. The method of gathering resources in this research is the use of documents and library resources.

The disease of Covid-19 has many physical and psychological effects. One of the psychological effects of this disease is anxiety, which can reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to effect of Benson relaxation on the anxiety of patients with covid-19.

This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, which was conducted on 64 patients with covid-19 admitted to Amiralmomenin Hospital in Arak in 1400. After obtaining written consent, the subjects were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the divided into two experimental groups (32 people) and control (32 people. After teaching the Benson relaxation technique, the patients in the experimental group performed relaxation exercises for 15 minutes twice a day for 2 consecutive days. In the control group, there was routine treatment without any intervention. The data gathering tool were demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger ‘s state anxiety questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 with using the descriptive and analytic statistics (chi square test, t-test and independent t) was performed.

The results showed that before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the average anxiety scores of the patients in the two experimental groups (55.21 ± 8.85) and control (54.75 ± 6.62) (P>0.05), but between the average the scores of the experimental group (40.43 ± 9.97) and the control group (52.03 ± 6.35) after the implementation of Benson's relaxation showed a significant difference (P<0.001).

Benson relaxation technique has an effect on the anxiety of corona patients, the use of this method is recommended as a complementary method in reducing the anxiety of these patients.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the status of the New System of Agricultural Extension (NSAE) and the role of components in the challenges ahead. The research method was quantitative and Causal-comparative. The sample size based on Cochran's formula for extension's workers was 157 people with Including 60 people of managers in selected cities the total sample size was 217. Stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment was used. The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire.The value of ordinal theta for research variables was 0.88 . The SPSS22 and Lisrel8.7 software were used for data analysis. The highest and lowest success rates were related to extension activities and repair and equipping of agricultural jihad centers, respectively. By using of Factor Analysis the challenges of NSAE were divided into six categories, which include: education and research, development and support, planning and policy-making, communication, organization and management. In total, these six factors explained about 73.2% of the total variance of the challenges of NSAE. In order to test the accuracy of the factor structure of the observed variables; Confirmatory factor analysis was used and the indices of χ2/df and RMSEA were equal to 2.49 and 0.043 respectively which confirmed the good fit of the model. Path analysis method was used to test the causal model of the impact of the components in creating the challenges. As a result, about 94% of the variance of the challenges variable was explained by the variables of the component of AENA.

By the importance of the universities as the most important center of knowledge, moral and education in the society and the positive effect of expanding the interaction between teacher and student in all Economical, Social and Cultural fields, the aim of the present study was to show the Student-Teacher Interaction Model according to the Grounded Theory. 

The research method was applied descriptive and it was qualitative in accordance with data collection and analysis. The statistical community is the instractors and students in Economics, Management and Social Science College and Chemistry, Oil and Gas Shiraz University. So the sample method is aimful and snowball consisted of 14 people.

Data analysis resulted Paradigm Model of  Student-Teacher Interaction with 59 final codes in format of 20 concepts and 6 categories.

The results of interview and grounded theory shows 6 factors: 1- causal conditions (Freddie behavior:encouraging, binding – individual causes:attitudedes and personality factors), 2- The context (Facilitator and limited factors), 3- The core phenomenon (The way to do interaction: inpresent, not inpresent – formalization up and down), 4- interveninig conditions (Human features, social features, organizational features), 5- Strategies of Teacher-Student Interaction, And finally 6- The consequences of Teacher-Student Interaction.

Providing unnecessary services in health systems is common, costly and even harmful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of physicians towards the use of unnecessary tests and processes.

The present study was a cross-sectional research. The study population was all physicians working in the health department of Tabriz. Sampling was performed using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected over a period of 6 months. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and the frequency and percentage of each dimension of the questionnaire were reported.

41% of the participants were female and the mean age of the participants was 43 years. Almost half of the physicians considered the existence of unnecessary services in the Iranian health system as a serious problem (45.8%). However, 33% of physicians state that if a patient requests an unnecessary service, they will prescribe that service with the necessary recommendations. Paying attention to patient safety is one of the most important reasons for not prescribing an unnecessary service (44%). A small percentage of physicians (25%) always talk to patients about unnecessary service costs. Existence of clear and evidence-based clinical guidelines (42.8%) and changing the financing system and rewarding for not using unnecessary tests or processes (36.1%) were cited as influential factors by physicians.

In general, physicianschr('39') attitudes toward non-essential services were moderate. Holding training courses to increase the awareness and attitude of physicians can be effective in raising the attitude.

Unnecessary health care is a service that provides with a higher amount or cost. In addition to harming service recipients, these services also impose financial costs on them and the health system. Due to the importance of the subject, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the media and related documents in the field of using unnecessary services in the Iranian health system.

This research was conducted by reviewing upstream documents and interviews with officials in the media about unnecessary service. Search for relevant documents was conducted through databases, country reports, or related sites, as well as interviews conducted with reputable domestic media. To analyze the data, situational content analysis method was used, which after reading the texts, codes and categories were extracted directly from the textual data.

11 documentaries and 81 news codes were included in the study. Factors affecting the prescribing of non-essential services were classified into four groups: economic factors, infrastructure, service delivery process, and monitoring and evaluation. Also, prevention strategies were classified into three groups including structural strategies, economic strategies and performance level solutions. Consequences of prescribing unnecessary services included two categories of individual and social factors. Paraclinical health services such as imaging and laboratory facilities were the most unnecessary services prescribed in this study.

Due to the existence of non-essential services in the Iranian health system, identifying these unnecessary services, factors affecting its prescription, prevention methods and consequences can prevent the loss of resources in the health system and impose costs on patients and families. Preventing unnecessary services in the health system will free up resources that can be spent on essential services that cannot be provided for reasons such as limited resources and access.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy by Michael Ferry on modifying early maladaptive schemas and coping strategies of married girls. The study was a semi experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of the Department of Cartography and Geography of Tehran University. Among them, 30 were selected by purposeful sampling (entry and exit criteria) and interviewed and randomly divided into two experimental groups And control were assigned the same proportion and responded to the Yang Scheme (short form) and coping styles questionnaires in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Group intervention by Michael Frey Cognitive Therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 1 hour (2 sessions per week) on the experimental group, while control group members did not receive any treatment interventions. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the pre-test and post-test scores with the control of the effect of pretest on the variables of the initial maladaptive schemas and the coping strategies. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to adjust the amount of early maladaptive schemas (cuts and exclusion, self-regulation and impaired performance, disturbances, disability, and hearing impairment and inhibition) and coping strategies An emotional and increased strategy of coping with married girls was used to group cognitive therapy using Michael Frey's method.

Pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and functionalized-single walled carbon nanotube (FSWNT)، reinforced by PAN nanofibers with variable FSWNT content (up to 1 wt%)، were fabricated by electrospinning process. The chemical structure، morphology and microstructure of the electrospun nanofibers have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)، scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis of the nanofibers revealed that the deformation of the nanofibers increased with increasing FSWNT concentration. Very smooth surfaces of the composite electrospun nanofibers even for nanofibers with concentration of 1 wt% FSWNT have been successfully prepared because of the high stability dispersion of FSWNTs. Moreover، with increasing the concentration of FSWNT in the PAN solution from 0 to 1 wt%، the average nanofibers diameter increased from 405 ± 54 nm to 488 ± 50 nm. The recorded spectra from FTIR were close to PAN nanofibers with peaks at 2243 cm-1 (CN stretch)، 2932 cm-1 (CH2 stretch)، 1450 cm-1 (CH bend) and 1730 cm-1 (C=O stretch) wavenumbers. FTIR Spectroscopy and XRD studies showed that PAN/FSWNT nanofibers exhibited higher crystallinity compared to PAN nanofibers without FSWNT. The analysis of the microstructural properties of the composite nanofibers with 1wt% FSWNT revealed that they exhibit an enhanced crystallinity from 44% to 48%، and the crystallite size was decreased from 25. 0 nm to 19. 9 nm، as compared to pure PAN nanofibers. The results indicated that the embedded FSWNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleated the growth of crystals.

Medical staples are one of the nitinol shape memory alloys applications which their pedicles have to be bent for suitable function with an appropriate angle at a specifiedtemperature. It is achievable by shape memory effect. For this purpose, samples of nitinol super elastic alloys were bent in a steel mold with different angles & formed orthopedic staples. Then shape memory effect was induced in all samples under aging process. In this research effect of heat generated in the shape memory alloys specimens due to electrical current was investigated. Phase transformation temperatures of samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Results showed that smaller bending angel results in lower amount and duration of current for shape recovery. Strain increased in them in the same amount of current. Results of this study can improve manufacturing of NiTi medical staples.

Aim and The aim of current study was the investigating of factor structure, reliability, and validity of Parenting Stress Index- Short Form (PSI- SF) among Tehran city's mothers with children ages 7-12.Method and Materials: After translation, back translation, and adaptation pf instrument, due to normalization this instrument by applied survey design, 468 mothers with multiphase cluster sampling method fill in the PSI- SF. The data was analysis by structural equating model using Lisrel software. The results of Cronbach's alpha showed that the reliability quotients for parenting stress and each of sub scales of parental distress, parent- child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child were 0.90, 0.80, 0.84, and 0.80 respectively for total sample (these results for mothers of boys were 0.89, 0.80, 0.83, and 0.78 and mothers of girls 0.91, 0.80, 0.84, and 0.80). Test- retest reliability after 18 days showed 0.75 for total score, 0.82 for parental distress, 0.73 for parent- child dysfunctional interaction, and 0.71 for difficult child. We used DASS and CBCL to testing divergent, and convergent. By using Factor analysis, we extracted 3 factors (parental distress, parent- child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child). Results of this study showed that PSI- SF has psychometric properties for utilizing in psychological research and clinical diagnosis of mother's parenting stress.

Sample of The present investigation was drawn from the total number of LIS articles published in Emereald Database during 2003-2008 period. 8320 articles was produced by 10760 researchers. The most prolific writers, countries having the highest number of articles, the most prolific research centers, and the busiest journals based on article count alone, were identified. Mean coefficient of collaboration among LIS scholars was 0.08. No significant correlation was found between scientific output and degree of collaboration. Findings indicated that in spite of the importance of joint research that would eventually lead to an increase in quality, coefficient of collaboration among LIS scholars is very low.