فاطمه قائمی

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on self-care and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in women with type 2 diabetes. This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 30 women with type 2 diabetes who visited the endocrinology department of Shahid Dr. Labbafi Nejad Hospital between June and July 2024 were randomly selected. Participants were then randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups using Microsoft Excel. The experimental group received positive psychology intervention for eight weekly sessions (90 minutes each), while the control group received routine hospital care. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self-Care Scale and HbA1c measurements at three time points: baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The results indicated a significant increase in self-care scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to the control group. These findings suggest that positive psychology intervention can be an effective approach to improving self-care behaviors and reducing HbA1c levels in women with type 2 diabetes.

Children with diabetes experience debilitating conditions that can affect the happiness and hope of a child with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interactive education based on new media on happiness and disease acceptance in children with type 2 diabetes. This study was a quasi-experimental method of pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all children with diabetes referred to Gabrik Medical Center and Diabetes Clinics in Tehran in 2009-2010. A sample of this population consisted of 44 people (24 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) with Using the sampling method, they were selected voluntarily and placed in the experimental and control groups. The educational model was performed for the children of the experimental group for 6 sessions after the pre-test. The control group did not receive any special psychological training. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that the model of interactive education based on new media has a significant effect on happiness and psychological hope of diabetic children (p <0.05). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the interactive education model based on new media can be used as an intervention method for children with diabetes along with drug therapy.

Parental stress has significant negative effects on the physical and mental health of parents of children with autism. The aim of the research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the parenting stress scale in mothers of children with autism. The survey research method and the statistical population of mothers with a child with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran in the spring of 2022. The statistical sample was 276 mothers of children with autism who were selected in an available manner. The tools used to measure autism parenting stress scales were Petrosvan and Miles (2009) and resilience of Conner and Davidson (2003). Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS version 3.2 software were also used. The findings showed that the Cronbach's alpha value of the autism parenting stress scale is equal to 0.953 and for the four components of the child's behaviors and communication, care stress, supporting the child's needs and personal and family life, the reliability coefficients are between 0.76 and 0.92. Composite reliability was obtained for the whole scale of 0.962 and for the components between 0.86 and 0.93. The face and content validity of the scale was confirmed by the opinions of parents and experts. Criterion validity using resilience scale has been equally acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that while the scale has favorable convergent and divergent validity, the four-factor model was confirmed. Considering the appropriate reliability and validity, it is recommended to clinical experts and researchers to use the mentioned scale to measure the parenting stress of mothers.

 The psychological health of people with cardiovascular disorders is profoundly impacted, frequently resulting in elevated stress levels and unpleasant emotional experiences (15). Promoting improved outcomes and overall coping patterns in cardiac patients requires improving coping mechanisms and reducing negative feelings (6,8). Applying Recovery-oriented cognitive therapy(CT-R) in this situation has been identified as a promising strategy to deal with these difficulties. CT-R is a therapeutic approach that places an emphasis on the patient's capacity for recovery and places a strong emphasis on improving cognitive and emotional capabilities (24, 25, 26). Patients can develop a more robust and adaptable thinking by learning to challenge and reframe unhelpful beliefs using various strategies, such as cognitive restructuring. The therapy seeks to provide patients with useful coping mechanisms that might be helpful in managing the difficulties related to their life by helping them to adopt a more optimistic and constructive viewpoint. Additionally, in order for patients to properly detect and control their emotions, the therapeutic process also entails encouraging self-awareness and emotional regulation (24, 25) . This factor is especially important when it comes to cardiac patients because elevated negative emotions, such worry and despair, can increase the physical symptoms and perhaps impede the healing process. CT-R helps patients to build emotional resilience through individualized interventions and support, encouraging a sense of control and well-being even in the face of health-related problems (27, 26).

 The goal of this semi-experimental study is to evaluate the efficacy of CT-R in treating cardiac patients. The study used a repeated control and measurement group, as well as a pre-test-post-test strategy. Quantitative data was acquired for the information. Cardiovascular patients who sought cardiac rehabilitation at the Tehran Heart Center hospital in 2022–2023 were included in this study. A convenience selection of 54 patients from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit who were qualified to take part in the study was selected, and a straightforward random sampling approach was employed to divide them into experimental (24 participants) and control (30 participants) groups. The sample size was between 15 and 30 in accordance with the standards of experimental research (28). The hospital gave a list of the neighborhood that was the focus of the study after discussing the start time and how cardiovascular patients participated in the treatment sessions with the staff. The next stage began with obtaining consent to participate in therapy, pre-planned interventions, and therapeutic procedures. Prior to the start of the therapy session, patients in both groups were given the questionnaires to complete. Two weekly sessions of intervention lasting an hour and a half each were provided to the experimental group. Following the implementation of the intervention, patients underwent a second evaluation utilizing the questionnaires. Following the intervention, patients were reassessed using questionnaires as part of the assessment procedure during follow-up examinations held at three and six months. 1. The Andler and Parker Coping Style Questionnaire is a psychometric tool created by psychologists Andler and Parker to evaluate how individuals cope with stress, challenges, and adverse life events. It aims to provide understanding of individuals' typical responses to various stressors and difficulties they face. This questionnaire comprehensively assesses coping strategies, including problem-solving coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. This revised questionnaire includes 48 items that are scored based on the Likert scoring system. Each item is scored from 1 (never) to 5 (very much) (endler, parker, 1990). 2. The DASS-21 is a well-known self-report questionnaire that evaluates the severity of common emotional symptoms like depression, anxiety, and stress. It provides valuable insights into an individual's emotional state in the previous week. The DASS-21 is a shorter version of the original DASS, designed by researchers to efficiently and accurately assess these psychological constructs. The questionnaire consists of 21 items, with each subscale containing seven items that specifically measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Participants are required to rate the extent to which they have experienced each symptom over the past week using a four-point Likert scale, ranging from "Did not apply to me at all" to "Applied to me very much, or most of the time"(loviband, loviband, 1996).

 To check the normality of the distribution of research variables, we used the Kalmogorov Smirnov test that was greater than 0.05 for variables. Therefore, we used parametric testing to assess the study hypotheses. Box test was used to test the hypothesis of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices that the results showed that the significance level of the box test is not significant at the 0.05 level. Levine's test was used to check the equality of variance of the groups. Mochli's sphericity test was used to check the equality of covariance assumption. The chi-square value obtained in this test was not significant and therefore the assumption of equality of covariance was confirmed. the results showed that the time variable significantly affects the coping styles and negative emotions at all four levels (pre-test, post-test, follow-up test 1, and follow-up test 2). This shows that there are substantial differences between the scores of cardiac patients at each of these four time points. The findings also demonstrate a significant interaction between time and group in coping styles, and negative emotions that demonstrating the importance of the link between time and group. In conclusion, CT-R significantly increased the coping styles and life expectancy in cardiac patients. Additionally, coping styles and life expectancy the impact of the group (experimental and control) is also significant that demonstrating a significant gap in two groups.

 In summary, the introduction of CT-R is a major step forward in enhancing the coping mechanisms and emotional state of cardiac patients. This therapeutic approach helps individuals with cardiovascular conditions by promoting adaptive cognitive and emotional reactions, ultimately leading to a holistic recovery and better quality of life. CT-R can included in the treatment plan for cardiac patients in order to supplement traditional medical therapies and address the psychological effects of the disease. This therapy contributes to a comprehensive care strategy that recognizes the interdependence of physical and mental health by encouraging a proactive approach to emotional well-being.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design. The statistical population of the research included mothers with exceptional children whose children were studying in one of the exceptional schools of Rafsanjan city in the academic year of 2019-2019, and their number was 320 in total. 37 mothers with exceptional children were selected through voluntary sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received self-compassion training during twelve sessions. The applied questionnaires included Personal attribution Questionnaire (Rotter, 1992) and Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance. The results showed that self-compassion training has significant effect on the Personal attribution (F=42.02; Eta=0.54; P<0001) and emotional well-being (F=42.32; Eta=0.56; P<0001) in mothers with exceptional children. According to the findings of the present study, self-compassion training can be used as an efficient method to improve Personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children through focusing on the method of Visualizing compassion for self and others, using creative helplessness, articulating worthwhile goals, fostering compassionate behaviors, and developing intelligent behaviors.

The use of methamphetamine in the general population and university and high school students is more than 1%. Also, the proportion of people addicted to methamphetamine has increased among those who refer to drug addiction treatment centers in Iran, which causes many harms to its users; One of these damages is creating a disruption in resilience. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Electrical Stimulation (tDCS) therapy with acceptance and commitment based therapy on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included the statistical population of the present study including all methamphetamine addicts in one area of Tehran city in 1401 who had referred to one of the addiction treatment centers. According to the research design, a sample size of 45 people was selected by purposive sampling. (2001) and electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull of this instrument was performed as a pre-test-post-test. Based on the findings of the current research, it was determined that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) electrical therapy was more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, the therapy based on acceptance and commitment was effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine, and the therapy based on Acceptance and commitment compared to direct transcranial stimulation electrical therapy has been more effective on the resilience of men addicted to methamphetamine.

Psychological interventions have an effective role in controlling psychological symptoms or increasing the socio-psychological capabilities of patients with corona, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the hope and psychological health of patients suffering from Corona. Corona was done.

Semi-experimental research method is of pre-test-post-test type with a control group along with a follow-up period. The research population included all the patients with corona disease who referred to the specialized and sub-specialized hospital of Tabriz in the fall of 2021, and at least two months had passed since their recovery. The sample consisted of 30 people who recovered from corona virus, who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. The data collection tools included the hope questionnaires of Schneider et al. (1991) and psychological health of the World Health Organization (2002). The experimental group was subjected to group intervention in eight face-to-face sessions of 90 minutes in a period of two months, and the control group received the usual intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software and variance analysis test with repeated measurements.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy increased the hope and psychological health of patients with corona in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up phase(p>0/05)

Based on the research results, doctors and psychotherapists should use the intervention of acceptance and commitment to improve hope and psychological health of patients.

Considering the specific characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, parents (especially mothers) are under a lot of pressure. It is important to identify the factors which help reduce this pressure. Therefore, the present study examined the structural relationships of fathers’ involvement and mothers’ parenting stress with the mediating role of family functioning, resilience, and social support in mothers of autistic children. The research method was descriptive-correlational and a structural equation model was used. Among the autism schools in Tehran, four schools were randomly selected and 276 volunteer mothers participated in the research study. They were asked to fill out Phetrasuwan and Miles’ (2009) Parenting Stress Scale: Autism, Olson et al.’s (1985) Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Conner and Davidson’s (2003) Resilience Scale, Zimmet et al.’s (1988) Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Fathers’ Involvement Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS software (version 3.2). The results indicated that fathers’ involvement and resilience had a direct negative effect on mothers’ parenting stress. In addition, fathers’ involvement had an indirect effect on mothers’ parenting stress through the mediation of family functioning (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between family functioning and mothers’ resilience. According to the obtained results, it seems that fathers’ involvement as an external factor and resilience as an internal factor played a role in predicting parenting stress (p < 0.05). In addition, the adaptive functioning of the family could strengthen the role of fathers’ involvement in reducing mothers’ stress. The results can be used in predicting the parenting stress of mothers of autistic children.

according to the consequences of the covid-19 in the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of people in the community and the importance of stress management, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of stress management treatment on the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of corona patients.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The research population included all patients with covid-19 disease who referred to Tabriz specialized and sub-specialized recovery hospital in the fall of 2022, and the target sample included 30 people who recovered from corona, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and Tests were assigned. The experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of stress management training for two months, and the control group did not receive training during this period and remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools include the Gross Emotional Regulation Gross & John (2003) and the quality of life of the World Health Organization (2000). Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 24 and variance analysis test with repeated measurements between groups.

The results showed that there was a difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test of emotion regulation variables (p>0.001) and quality of life components (p>0.001), and the results were stable during the follow-up period (0.001 >p).

The results showed that stress management treatment was effective in improving emotional regulation and quality of life of patients with covid-19, therefore, health professionals can use the stress management training method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics related to covid-19.

The use of the internet has impacted various facets of human life, and its uncontrolled use is linked to multiple risks such as personal and social harms. With increased needs for internet use, alongside its benefits, the likelihood of problems, particularly Problematic Internet Use (PIU) among youth and students, rises. PIU can be caused by engaging in uncontrolled use, such as gaming, consuming adult content, or using social networking platforms. Internet addiction is characterized by obsessive and uncontrolled use of virtual programs that can lead to significant disruption and dysfunction in users' psychological, social, academic, and occupational functioning. Consequently, this study seeks to understand the impact of various variables, such as cognitive emotion regulation strategies, avoidance coping, and basic psychological needs, on PIU. The study aims to investigate whether emotion regulation and avoidance coping strategies play a mediating role in the association between basic psychological needs and PIU.

Literature Review:

A review of the literature indicates that addictive behaviors are commonly associated with inadequate positive emotion regulation strategies and ineffective coping with emotions, particularly in the initial stages of addiction (Clarke et al., 2020, pp.21-22). Additionally, studies have suggested that when individuals experience distress, avoidance coping strategies may lead to adverse circumstances that provoke negative emotions, causing people to spend more time on the internet to evade them (Piri et al., 2019, p.44). Furthermore, research findings demonstrate a negative correlation between internet addiction and problem-focused coping strategies, and a positive correlation between emotion-focused and avoidance coping strategies (Bahadori et al., 2011, p.183).

The research method used in this study is a descriptive, correlational approach that aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, cognitive and emotional regulation strategies, basic psychological needs, and coping mechanisms. The study population was all students from the Islamic Azad University, Central and Karaj Branches, with an estimated total of 25,000 individuals. The sampling method used was a multi-stage cluster sampling approach, where three clusters were randomly selected from the Islamic Azad University, including the Central and Karaj Branches. In the next stage, three classes were randomly selected from each of the faculties of Humanities, Engineering, and Basic Sciences. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula and calculated to be 380, but it was increased to 400 to ensure sample size suitability. Ultimately, 397 questionnaires were analyzed. The data collection tools used included the Internet Addiction Test (Kaplan, 2010), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (Gagne, 2003), and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler & Parker, 1990). The background and theoretical foundations section of the study was based on library research, while the numerical data collection section was based on field research using questionnaires. To ensure confidentiality, privacy, and integrity, ethical research principles were followed throughout the study, including confidentiality, privacy, and integrity. The data were analyzed using path analysis, and the SPSS and AMOS software were utilized.

In this study, a total of 397 participants were included, with 34% being male and 66% being female. The majority of participants (49%) reported being single, while 41% were married, and 10% were divorced. In terms of educational level, 44% were undergraduate students, and 56% were graduate students. The mean age of participants was 28.75, with a standard deviation of 3.12. The inferential findings revealed that avoidance coping had the highest correlation coefficient (0.42) with pathological internet use, followed by relatedness (0.26), adaptive coping strategies (0.23), competence (-0.14), maladaptive coping strategies (-0.14), and autonomy (0.12). Furthermore, the direct effect of autonomy on adaptive coping strategies was significant (0.30, p < 0.05), as was its effect on maladaptive coping strategies (-0.10, p < 0.05). Similarly, the direct effect of competence on adaptive coping strategies was significant (0.23, p < 0.01), as was its effect on maladaptive coping strategies (-0.33, p < 0.01). The direct effect of relatedness on adaptive coping strategies was non-significant (0.14, p>0.05), but significant for maladaptive coping strategies (-0.27, p<0.05). Additionally, the direct effect of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies on avoidance coping was -0.32 and -0.40, respectively (p<0.01). The direct effect of adaptive coping strategies on pathological internet use was -0.19 (p<0.05), while the direct effect of maladaptive coping strategies was -0.11 (p<0.05). The direct effect of avoidance coping on pathological internet use was 0.37 (p<0.01). The study also found significant indirect effects of fundamental psychological needs on pathological internet use, with all three fundamental psychological needs (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) having indirect effects. However, emotion regulation strategies did not have significant direct effects on pathological internet use.

The study findings indicate that problematic internet use is best explained by a causal model based on basic psychological needs, which are mediated by emotion regulation strategies and avoidant coping. This suggests that addressing basic psychological needs, as well as promoting healthy emotion regulation and coping strategies, could be effective strategies for reducing harmful internet use. It is important for therapists and counselors to consider these findings when designing interventions for problematic internet use.
Acknowledgments
We appreciate all the participants and friends who supported us throughout this research project. We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to them for their valuable contribution to this study.

Background &

The experience of mourning leads to many emotions in people. As a result, learning emotion regulation strategies affects the experience of bereavement in bereaved people and is a kind of moderator of the experience of bereavement. People use strategies called emotion regulation to change emotional triggers, situations of emotional experience, amount and intensity, duration, and way of experiencing emotion internally or externally. In the cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, the focus is on thoughts and cognition in anxiety management. Using emotion regulation strategies in any form and manner has an important role in all periods of life. Effective emotion regulation strategies are related to high self-confidence, positive emotions, how to deal with various types of stress, and more constructive social and personal interactions. People with the ability to regulate emotions can control their impulses, feeling sad and hopeless, anxiety, adapt to problems, and accept themselves and the conditions, which leads to reducing psychological damage. Therefore, strengthening and learning these strategies in people, especially teenagers, is effective and one of the necessary skills to manage the bereavement experience. Considering the importance of variables of coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the experience of normal bereavement and exit from the experience of abnormal bereavement, it is necessary and necessary to use appropriate therapeutic approaches to promote them. One of the therapeutic approaches that has received much attention in recent years is schema therapy. In cognitive psychology, schema is defined as an organized pattern of thinking and behavior and as a mental framework of pre-formed ideas. In the form of a schema, a person perceives the world and the world around him and organizes his new information. These strongly affect our thoughts and emotions, and if they are ineffective, they can cause emotional problems. In schema therapy, attempts are made to adjust these schemas using various experimental, behavioral, and cognitive techniques to reduce the invocation of incompatible emotions. Some researchers say that abnormal grief is a chronic problem and coexisting with other disorders, one should focus on schemas and consider targeting schemas as an effective factor in treatment. Schema therapy is designed as a cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting maladaptive schemas to treat long-lasting and chronic disorders. Therefore, it can be effective as an efficient method to help experience normal mourning and go through the natural period of mourning. The review of these studies shows that despite the importance of the role of dysfunctional schemas in abnormal grief and ineffective emotional regulation strategies, these two therapeutic methods have been used very little with the aim of intervention in abnormal grief, and these interventions have been very few about abnormal grief in adolescents. Is. In addition to this, there was no research on intervention in abnormal grief caused by Corona, and the researches were only limited to investigating the symptoms of grief caused by Corona, screening tools in this regard, and people's lived experiences in this regard. Therefore, applying schema therapy and checking its effectiveness can be a way to find the most effective treatment methods for teenagers with bereavement caused by Corona. Meanwhile, few studies have investigated this method of treatment for grief, especially grief caused by corona in teenagers. Based on this, the question of the current research is whether schema therapy is effective in coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of students with abnormal grief caused by Corona.

In this research, the statistical population was first and second high school students with grief disorder caused by Corona in Yazd city in 2021 and 2022. The sample included 30 people (15 people in the experimental group with the schema therapy method, and 15 people in the control group) who were selected purposefully. The tools of the current research included the stress coping strategies questionnaire (Andler and Parker, 1999) and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granfsky and Kraich, 2001). Schema therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented in 10 consecutive one-hour sessions in the experimental group. No intervention was done in the control group. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that schema therapy was effective in positive and negative emotional regulation strategies and emotion-oriented and avoidant coping styles in the sample group.

According to the present finding, it is necessary to use this treatment method to reduce the injuries and symptoms of abnormal grief by focusing on emotional regulation strategies and coping styles of people. One of the limitations of the present study is that only the effectiveness of schema therapy in teenagers with abnormal grief caused by Corona has been investigated, and its generalization to other societies should be done with caution. Also, there is no exact assurance of the absence of coexistence with other disorders, which also affects the generalizability. Research with a follow-up period can provide more complete findings related to the effectiveness of schema therapy.

The experience of mourning leads to many emotions in people. As a result, learning emotion regulation strategies affects the experience of bereavement in bereaved people and is a kind of moderator of the experience of bereavement. People use strategies called emotion regulation to change emotional triggers, situations of emotional experience, amount and intensity, duration and way of experiencing emotion internally or externally. In the cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, the focus is on thoughts and cognition in anxiety management. Using emotion regulation strategies in any form and manner has an important role in all periods of life. Effective emotion regulation strategies are related to high self-confidence, positive emotions, how to deal with various types of stress and more constructive social and personal interactions. People with the ability to regulate emotions are able to control their impulses, feeling sad and hopeless, anxiety, adapting to problems and accepting themselves and the conditions, which leads to reducing psychological damage in them. Therefore, strengthening and learning these strategies in people, especially teenagers, is effective and one of the necessary skills to manage the bereavement experience. Considering the importance of variables of coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the experience of normal bereavement and exit from the experience of abnormal bereavement, it is necessary and necessary to use appropriate therapeutic approaches to promote them. One of the therapeutic approaches that has received much attention in recent years is schema therapy. In cognitive psychology, schema is defined as an organized pattern of thinking and behavior and as a mental framework of pre-formed ideas. In the form of a schema, a person perceives the world and the world around him and organizes his new information. These strongly affect our thoughts and emotions, and if they are ineffective, they can cause emotional problems. In schema therapy, attempts are made to adjust these schemas using various experimental, behavioral and cognitive techniques to reduce the invocation of incompatible emotions. Some researchers say that in abnormal grief as a chronic problem and coexisting with other disorders, one should focus on schemas and consider targeting schemas as an effective factor in treatment. Schema therapy is designed as a cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting maladaptive schemas with the aim of treating long-lasting and chronic disorders. Therefore, it can be effective as an efficient method to help experience normal mourning and go through the natural period of mourning. The review of these studies shows that despite the importance of the role of dysfunctional schemas in abnormal grief and ineffective emotional regulation strategies, these two therapeutic methods have been used very little with the aim of intervention in abnormal grief, and these interventions have been very few in relation to abnormal grief in adolescents. Is. In addition to this, there was no research on intervention in abnormal grief caused by Corona, and the researches were only limited to investigating the symptoms of grief caused by Corona, screening tools in this regard, and people's lived experiences in this regard. Therefore, applying schema therapy and checking its effectiveness can be a way to find the most effective treatment methods for teenagers with bereavement caused by Corona. Meanwhile, few studies have investigated this method of treatment for grief, especially grief caused by corona in teenagers. Based on this, the question of the current research is whether schema therapy is effective on coping styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of students with abnormal grief caused by Corona?

In this research, the statistical population was first and second high school students with grief disorder caused by Corona in Yazd city in 2021 and 2022. The sample included 30 people (15 people in the experimental group with schema therapy method, 15 people in the control group) who were selected purposefully. The tools of the current research included the stress coping strategies questionnaire (Andler and Parker, 1999) and the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granfsky and Kraich, 2001). Schema therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented in 10 consecutive one-hour sessions on the experimental group. No intervention was done on the control group. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that schema therapy was effective on positive and negative emotional regulation strategies and emotion-oriented and avoidant coping style in the sample group.

According to the present finding, it is necessary to use this treatment method to reduce the injuries and symptoms of abnormal grief by focusing on emotional regulation strategies and coping style of people. One of the limitations of the present study is that only the effectiveness of schema therapy in teenagers with abnormal grief caused by Corona has been investigated, and its generalization to other societies should be done with caution. Also, there is no exact assurance of the absence of coexistence with other disorders, which also affects the generalizability. Researches with a follow-up period can provide more complete findings related to the effectiveness of schema therapy.

The Internet has far-reaching effects on various aspects of human life and the extreme use of the Internet is associated with numerous personal and social harms. The present study investigates the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies and psychological distress in the relationship between insecure attachment and problematic internet use. The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all students studying in the undergraduate and graduate courses of the Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences, Center and Karaj Branch in the academic year 2019-2020. By cluster sampling method, 397 people were selected as the sample group. Data collection tools included Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and Adult Attachment Scale. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis using LISREL software. The results showed that psychological distress (0.50), maladaptive strategies (0.23), adaptive strategies (-0.21), avoidant attachment (0.11), and ambivalent attachment (0.10) have the highest to the lowest correlation coefficient with harmful use of the Internet (P <0.05). Strategies for regulating emotional distress and distress also mediated the relationship between insecure attachment style and problematic internet use. Accordingly, in the field of designing the necessary measures to reduce the problematic internet use, programs can be developed to improve insecure attachment styles, emotion regulation strategies and psychological distress.

This research was conducted with the aim of mediating the role of job motivation in the relationship between stress coping strategies and social-emotional competence in primary teachers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the teachers who were teaching in the elementary school of Tehran in 1400-1401, and among them, 350 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, tools of coping strategies (Lazarus and Folkman, 1985), job motivation (Robinson, 2004) and social-emotional competence (Boyatzis, 2007) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V7.8 software were used. In order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The research findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that strategies to deal with stress have a direct effect on teachers' social-emotional competencies (p<0.05). Strategies to deal with stress have an indirect effect on primary teachers' job motivation (p<0.05). Career motivation has an indirect effect on social-emotional competencies of elementary teachers (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that the indirect effect of stress coping strategies with social-emotional competencies through the mediation of job motivation in primary teachers was confirmed with 95% confidence. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more suitable treatments.

An abnormal mourning has many effects on adolescents that will increase their psychological problems in the future. Corona's mourning also increases its complexity and requires intervention. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the treatment based on emotion regulation and schema therapy on student counteract styles with Corona mourning disorder. In this study, the statistical population of the first and second high school students with the mourning disorder of the Corona in Yazd in the year 2 and 1401. The sample also included 3 people (3 people with excitement -based testing, 2 with schema therapy, 2 control group) who were targeted. The present research tool was also a questionnaire for stress -against strategies (Andler & Parker, 1). The research design was semi -experimental and the sample group was randomly included in the therapy based on emotion regulation and schema therapy. Planning therapy intervention based on Yang's schema therapy was implemented on the first experimental group during 1 consecutive hour session. Emotion -based adjustment -based intervention therapy also consisted of three excitement -based intervention sessions based on the Grass model, which was implemented on the second experimental group during the 90 -minute sessions over a period of six consecutive weeks. Multivariate covariance analysis and benfronian prolonged test were used for data analysis. The findings have shown that both therapeutic treatment and schema therapy therapy is effective in the sample -oriented type of emotion -oriented coping style and the effectiveness rate is not significantly different. Also, both therapeutic approaches were not effective on the problem -oriented orbit style. Therefore, it is necessary to use these therapies to reduce the damage and mourning syndrome with a focus on the style of coping

Mental health and perceived social support are important variables in preventing marital boredom in infertile women. The aim of this study was to predict marital boredom based on perceived social support and mental health in infertile women.

The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population included infertile women referring to the infertility ward of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Tehran in 2009-2010. Through available sampling, 361 people were selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires of marital boredom, perceived social support and general health were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression methods were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 22.

According to the results, mental health, total social support score, support component of family, friends and important individuals had a significant negative correlation coefficient with marital boredom. The results of regression in predicting marital boredom through the dimensions of social support and mental health show that among the predictor variables, mental health had a significant role in predicting marital boredom (p <0.05) and the ability to explain 21% of The variance of marital boredom was at the level of 0.001.

Perceived social support and mental health in infertile couples are associated with marital boredom in this group.

 The birth of a child with a disability causes mothers to face various psychological, emotional and social injuries. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on hoping for constructive relationships of mothers with exceptional children.

 The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design. The statistical population of the research included mothers with exceptional children whose children were studying in one of the exceptional schools of Rafsanjan city in the academic year of 2019-2019, and their number was 320 in total. 37 mothers with exceptional children were selected through voluntary sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received self-compassion training during twelve sessions. The applied questionnaires included Hope Questionnaire (Snyder et al, 1991). The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance using SPSS statistical software version 23.

 The results showed that self-compassion training has significant effect on the hoping for constructive relationships (F=47.57; Eta=0.58; P<0001) in mothers with exceptional children.

 According to the findings of the present study, self-compassion training can be used as an efficient method to improve hoping for constructive relationships of mothers with exceptional children through focusing on the method of Visualizing compassion for self and others, using creative helplessness, articulating worthwhile goals, fostering compassionate behaviors, and developing intelligent behaviors.

Marital relationships are one of the most important elements in strengthening the family foundation. Resilience, mental health, and social support can be important variables in preventing marital boredom. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship of mental health and perceived social support with marital boredom in infertile women.

The present study was a correlational and structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included infertile women referring to the infertility ward of a hospital in Tehran in 2019-2020. Through available sampling, 361 people were selected to participate in the study. The couple burnout measure, the resilience questionnaire, the perceived social support questionnaire, and the general health questionnaire were used to collect data. In the present study, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

There is a significant negative relationship between general health (0.56), social support (0.55), and resilience (0.61) with marital boredom at the level of 0.01. Also, resilience had a mediating role in the relationship of mental health and perceived social support with marital boredom in infertile women (p<0.05).

According to the results, the individual resilience as a moderating variable has a positive effect on the relationship between mental health and marital boredom in infertile women. In other words, mental health at high levels of resilience predicts a reduction in marital boredom.