فاطمه مرادی

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of writing self-efficacy and writing strategy in writing performance. To this aim, 110 Participants filled out two questionnaires including writing self-efficacy questionnaire and writing strategy questionnaire and composed an argumentative writing and a narrative writing chosen from TOEFL writing tasks. The data showed no significant relationship between writing self-efficacy and writing strategy use. There was a significant relationship between writing self-efficacy and writing achievement. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between writing strategy and writing performance. Results of multiple regression showed that writing self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of writing performance. The outcomes of this study can help  teachers to improve their students’ writing.

Narratology is a new science and the result of the structuralist revolution in the field of fiction, which achieves the various dimensions and hidden meanings of a literary work and increases the power of understanding the text by examining its narrative techniques and structures. One of the most prominent structuralist theorists is Gerard Genette, whose theory in one of the most complete and effective theories of narratology. Genette's theory holds that the structure of literary texts is described and analyzed based on the three components of time, mood, and voice. This paper examines the narrative component and its function in the short stories "Sourat Shakira" by Mahmoud Shoukair and "Asrar al-Duri" by Akram Haniyeh, the contemporary Palestinian writers, using an analytical-descriptive method. The paper aims at showing the usefulness of the narrative study of the short story despite the limitations of the structure and its small volume in reading and analyzing a literary work and penetrating its inner layers.

Paying attention to the limited battery energy of sensor nodes is one of the design challenges of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is essential to balance energy consumption to enhance network lifetime. In this research, we focus on clustering sensor nodes and optimizing the data transfer from the cluster head to the sink, which significantly reduces energy consumption. Furthermore, one of the most effective solutions to the critical problem of wireless sensor networks, known as the hotspot or energy-hole problem, is the use of a mobile sink. The proposed method employs two mobile sinks: one moves within a specific area, while the other traverses the entire network environment. Using the prioritized Random Way Point (RWP) mobility model, both mobile sinks select suitable locations in the network based on parameters such as density of nodes and cluster heads. To minimize frequent advertisements of the current location of the sinks, we have implemented location-aware cluster heads that save the updated positions of the two mobile sinks. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method demonstrates higher efficiency compared to similar algorithms in terms of network lifetime, residual energy of nodes, number of sent packets, network coverage, and overhead. On average, the proposed method has shown an improvement of approximately 8% across all parameters .

The development of microchannel manufacturing technology has led to a growing interest in using them as heat exchangers. Microchannels are used to control the temperature of equipment and components that generate a high amount of heat flux. Heat transfer can be further increased by dispersing particles (nano-sized particles) with a low volume fraction into the base fluid (nanofluid). A nanofluid can change the thermophysical properties of a base fluid and improve its thermal performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the heat transfer characteristics of oil-based nanofluid within wavy microchannels in series and parallel arrangements of microchannels. In order to examine the performance of each microchannel separately and to make it easier to draw their diagrams, they are named 1 and 2. Experiments were performed on TiO2 and SiO2 oil-based nanofluids in volume fractions of 0.05 and 0.1, flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 lit/min, and inlet temperatures of 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C. The results show an increase in the Nusselt number of the base fluid up to 41.8% in the series arrangement and also a decrease in the surface temperature in the series arrangement compared to the parallel arrangement. Also, TiO2 and SiO2 nanofluids with a volume fraction of 0.1 caused the highest increase in heat transfer, up to 56% and 52.7% in parallel arrangement and up to 45.8% and 42% in series arrangement compared to the base fluid, respectively. The pressure drop of the test section in series arrangement was up to 82.1% higher than parallel.

The "Verse of Propaganda" is one of the verses that refers to the "province" and "imamate" of Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) which has been criticized by the Shiites and denied by the opponents. Ibn Taymiyyah Harrani is one of the opponents who, in his book "Minhaj Sunnah", by raising doubts such as: denying the dignity of revelation claimed by Shia, casting doubt on the time of revelation, the commonness of the example of "Ma'anzal", and slandering the Qur'an as the argument of Shia. He has tried to undermine the correctness of Shia scholars' arguments in order to prove the said claim. Considering the important position of "Verse of Propaganda" in the Shia belief system and also the need to remove doubts, this research was done with the aim of answering the doubts mentioned by Ibn Taymiyyah, relying on the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present research indicate that Ibn Taymiyyah's suspicions are groundless and contrary to certain evidences that not only Shia, but also many Sunni elders have confirmed the validity of those evidences. Therefore, the implication of the "Verse of Propaganda" on the "Imamate" and "Province" of Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) is definite and there is no doubt about it.

From the Shiite point of view, the verse known as "Proclamation Verse" is considered one of the most important Quranic reasons for the issue of "Imamate". Due to the great importance of this issue in the Shia belief system, for a long time, the opponents and deniers of the Wilayat of Ahl al-Bayt have tried to distort the meaning of this verse on this important and key issue by raising many doubts. show off; Ibn Taymiyyah Harrani's works indicate that he is considered one of the most prolific figures in this field. In the book "Minhaj al-Sunnah", he has tried to suggest that the meaning of this verse is about "Khilafah" and "Imam" to doubt and deny Imam Ali . The current research, which is based on the original sources of Fariqin, and compiled in a descriptive-analytical method; It seeks to answer the question: "What is Ibn Taymiyyah's doubt in the direction of negating the "specificity" of the meaning of the expression "Ma'anzal" and the criticisms against it?" The findings of this research indicate that, firstly: Ibn Taymiyyah's claim of the semantic generality of this word contradicts his own performance and interpretation views; Second: multiple internal and external evidence; will prevent the correctness of this speech of Ibn Taymiyyah; For this reason, we say: The implication of the verse of Tabligh is on the imamate and guardianship of Hazrat Ali and the specialness of "Ma'anzaleh" is a definite matter and there is no damage to its semantic field.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common age-related diseases, which has adverse effects on cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate the interaction effects of age and cognitive reserve on information processing speed, visuospatial working memory, and cognitive failures in middle-aged and older adults with COPD.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on a 208 middle-aged and older patients with COPD who met the study criteria. Data were collected using the cognitive reserve index, cognitive failures questionnaire, the Corsi block-tapping test, and the symbol digit modalities test. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 27.

Aging significantly affected information processing speed, visuospatial working memory, and cognitive failures in COPD patients. Cognitive reserve had a significant effect on information processing speed and cognitive failures in COPD patients, but had no effect on visuospatial working memory. The interaction effect of age and cognitive reserve was significant only on the cognitive failures; the interaction effect had no significant effect on the information processing speed and visuospatial working memory. 

Age and cognitive reserve may have differential effects on various cognitive domains in middle-aged and older adults with COPD.

The regional and  contact metamorphic rocks of the studied area are located in the west of Hamedan city and Alvand plutonic body as a part of the northern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan belt. This metamorphic complex consists of slate, garnet mica schist, amphibole schist and tremolitite in regional metamorphic rocks and spotted schists, mica hornfels, epidote amphibole hornfels and cordierite hornfels in contact metamorphic rocks. The analyzed minerals in these rocks include biotite, garnet, staurolite, amphibole and cordierite. EMP chemical analyses indicate that the composition of garnet is almandine, the composition of biotite is siderophyllite and amphibole is actinolite. Staurolite has iron-rich composition and cordierite has intermediate composition (iron-magnesian). Thermometric calculations based on biotite in garnet staurolite schists show a temperature of about 555°C, and the temperature of about 511°C was determined by the garnet-biotite pair method. Due to the presence of staurolite and the absence of kyanite and other medium and high pressure minerals, the pressure of 3 to 4 kilobars is possible. The type of metamorphism of the study area is suggested to be related to a  subduction tectonic environment. The stability of the garnet + staurolite assemblage requires the presence of water in the environment.

One of the important issues of Quranic sciences that is raised in the continuation of the discussion on the language and philosophy of religion is the language of Quran. Knowledge of the language of the Quran plays an important role in understanding the deep teachings of the Qur'an; Therefore, the study in this field is considered as one of the research requirements; Considering the important role of the family in the well-being and construction of the individual and society and the need to practice the Quranic and Islamic lifestyle, in order to achieve happiness, the researcher seeks to explain the language of the Quran in verses related to the family lifestyle. According to the present study, which was completed by descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, the language of the Quran in this category of verses is multifaceted; That is, Allah the Almighty to explain the family lifestyle and determine how couples interact with each other and parents with children and children with parents, has used various linguistic methods such as: the language of wisdom, the language of legislation, the language of warning, the language of preaching, the language of dispelling doubt, the language of education, the language of reason and the language of affection.

Today, green synthesis by using plant extracts to produce nanoparticles has attracted a lot of attention, because of fast reaction, economy and compatibility with the environment. Therefore, in the present study, the anticancer effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with aqueous and methanolic (80%) extracts of green algae Spirogyra sp. was investigated on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The GC-MS spectrometer chromatogram of the extract of this alga showed that Nonadecane (14.86%), Heneicosane (10.24%) and Tridecane, 6-phenyl (5.44%) have the highest percentage. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding aqueous and methanolic extracts of algae to silver nitrate and their physical and chemical properties were determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential and FESEM electron microscope. Also, the cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles at different concentrations was investigated using the MTT method on cancer cells. The results showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles had maximum absorption at the wavelength of 434nm and an average size of 30 to 79 nm with a spherical morphology. Cytotoxicity of biosynthetic silver nanoparticles against cancer cells has increased with increasing concentration. As a result, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles had anti-cancer activity and can be further studied for the treatment of breast cancer.

Let R be an arbitrary ring and N be a right R-module.  A right R-module M is called N-retractable if HomR(M,N')≠0, for any nonzero submodule N' of N. This is a generalization of the concept of retractable modules. The aim of this paper is to study of N-retractable modules, where N is an arbitrary right R-module. One of the most important results of this paper is the characterization of rings that have a module such that each module is retractable with respect to it. Also we show that the class of N-retractable modules is closed under direct sums and direct products.

Unequal distribution of income in society has caused many problems in the areas of economic, social and political will of each country, that's why one of the most important tasks of governments is proper income distribution in society.  Governments recommend short-term solutions to address income inequality, while implementing these short-term policies without recognizing the influencing factors can have adverse consequences on revenue distribution. In order to deal with the problem of income inequality and establishing a fair distribution of income should identify its risk factors and appropriate and effective policies be adopted to improve income distribution. Due to the growing trend of income inequality, high unemployment and economic inefficiency in various societies, especially in developing countries, and the special role of government in achieving a fair and equitable distribution of income, the issue of good governance needs to be addressed. Income inequality and good governance are among the most important economic issues in any country. The World Bank has good governance based on six indicators; It has introduced corruption control, government efficiency and effectiveness, political stability, quality of law and regulation, rule of law and the right to comment and be held accountable, one of the most important components of which is the corruption control variable. Indicators of governance play a very important role in the economic environment in terms of economic growth and development. Governance is considered as one of the basic inputs for the welfare of the people. Therefore, paying attention to the role of indicators of good governance and its absence, especially in developing countries and its impact on income distribution, which is one of the most important goals of governments, is very important and necessary. This study is one of the preliminary studies that can be compared to other studies from three aspects: technical, regional and temporal.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of good governance on income inequality in selected developing and developed countries, with emphasis on control of corruption over the period 2017-2000.

In this research, three indicators of political stability, rule of law and corruption control have been used as good governance. Using dynamic quantile panel regression, on one hand, the effect of good governance indicators on income inequality has been investigated, and on the other hand, the effect of tax revenues on Along with the inflation rate and GDP per capita, it has been investigated as instrumental variables on income inequality.

The results of the estimated the dynamic quantile panel regression model show that control of corruption and rule of law in both countries the quarters 25, 50 and 75 respectively positive and negative and significant effect on income inequality. Political stability in both groups of countries has negative effects in quarters 25 and 50 and in quarter 75 positive and significant. Also the tax revenues, inflation rate and GDP per capita these quarters in the selected countries have different effects on income inequality.

Rule of law and corruption control indicators have significant negative and positive effects on income inequality in both groups of selected countries and in all quartiles, respectively. Also, the coefficient of the political stability index shows that in the first two quarters in both groups of countries, it has a negative and significant effect on income inequality (Gini coefficient) and this can mean that with political instability, weak investment motivation and consumerism in these societies. be strengthened, which leads to a decrease in production and income inequality. Meanwhile, in the third quarter in both groups of countries under study, the political stability index has a positive and significant effect on income inequality, in the sense that with the increase in political stability, income distribution becomes more equal.

Economic sanctions are a common diplomatic tool for countries to pursue political demands abroad or to punish non-aligned countries. Economic sanctions have been criticized for failing to achieve their goals and negatively impacting areas such as human rights, democracy, poverty, health care and basic living conditions. Sanctions imposed on Iran have affected various aspects of the economy, in terms of consumption, revenue, production, import of goods and services, and so on. This study examines the history and effects of economic sanctions on income inequality in Iran imposed by the United States during the period 1978-2018 using the Distributed Interrupt Autoregression (ARDL) method. Therefore, in this study, changes in oil revenues have been used as an indicator of economic sanctions. The results show that economic sanctions have different effects on income inequality in the short and long term. Also, the variables of foreign direct investment, inflation rate and degree of trade openness have a positive and significant effect on income inequality.

Improving the self-management of hypertension treatment in patients with Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is effective in reducing the incidence of stroke in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of education based on the health belief model on improving self-management behaviors of high blood pressure in patients suffering from transient ischemic attack.

In this semi-experimental study conducted as a pre-test-post-test with intervention and control groups, 54 eligible patients were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Self-management educational interventions based on the health belief model were conducted for the interventional group during three sessions. The control group received routine interventions. Data were collected using self-management and health belief standard questionnaires before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 statistical software.

The results of the study in relation to demographic and background characteristics showed that before the intervention, both intervention and control groups were homogeneous in relation to all variables except body mass index. Also, the results showed that after the intervention, the mean scores of self-management and health belief between the intervention and control groups had a significant difference (p<0.001). Also, the findings showed that despite the fact that the average blood pressure reduction in the intervention group was more than the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between these two reductions.

Based on the findings of the research, education based on the health belief model is an effective educational method in improving self-management of blood pressure in TIA patients. Therefore, it is recommended to implement education based on the health belief model to strengthen self-management behaviors in these patients.

Increasing age and the onset of middle age are associated with inevitable changes in cognitive abilities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious behavior and cognitive ability of middle-aged people with the mediation of Positive meta-emotions.

The design of the present research was a correlational description and the statistical pupulation included all the middle-aged people of Shiraz city in 1400, which 247 middle-aged people were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect information, religious behavior scale, cognitive ability questionnaire and positive meta-emotion scale were used, which were completed online and through virtual networks. Data were analyzed using correlation and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS software.

Religious behavior has a significant positive relationship with positive meta-emotion (p=0.001 and β=0.49). Also, positive meta-emotion has a positive and significant relationship with cognitive ability (p=0.001 and β=0.36). The path of direct relationship between religious behavior and cognitive ability was also significant (p=0.009 and β=0.26). Therefore, the results of the path analysis indicated that positive meta-emotion can play a mediating role in the relationship between religious behavior and cognitive ability.

Therefore, according to the results of the present study, by providing therapeutic interventions based on improving religious behavior and positive meta emotions, it is possible to increase the cognitive ability of middle-aged people and thus to prevent or control cognitive decline in middle life and elderly.

Different acidifiers have been introduced for animal nutrition in terms of type of organic acids and their composition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of consumption acidifier obtained from a mixture of organic acids (containing formic, citric, propionic and acetic acid and their salts) on the broiler chicks growth performance and some intestinal parameters .Therefore, one hundred eighty 1-d old male Ross broiler chicks were studid in a completely randomized design to 3  nutritional treatments with 6 replicates and 10 broiler chicks in each replicate, from d 0 to 35 posthatch. The treatments included 1. a  corn-soybean based commercial diet or Un-supplemnted diet (Control), 2. Control diet supplemented with acidifier daily and 3. Control diet supplemented with acidifier every other day. All of dietary treatments were formulated to meet the National Research Council (1994) and Ross nutrient requirements for starter (1 to 11 d), grower (12 to 24 d), and finisher (25 to 35 d) growth periods. The results showed that in the starter and grower phase, feed intake in groups 2 and 3 that had consumpted organic acids were less than control group or un-supplemented organic acids  (P˂0.05). In the starter phase, mean of  body weight gain of un-suplemented group or control was higher than the groups 2 and 3 or supplemented daily and every other day group, respectively  (P˂0.05); but experimental groups showed no significant change in their body weight gain during grower and finisher phases as well as whole rearing period affected by consumption of organic acids. The group  2 (daily supplemented) had better feed conversion ratio than control group during growth period (P˂0.05). The mean of ileal Enterobacteriaceae counts for the groups that had consumpted acidifiers (daily or  every other day) were significantly lower than control group (P˂0.05). The mean of villus length, villus width, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum had no significant difference between groups affected by consumption of organic acids. The pH of ileal and duodenal contents between groups showed no significancy. The results of the present study revealed that supplemented diets with organic acids can reduce some of intestinal pathogens, improve the feed conversion ratio. Daily consumption of Organic acids was more effective than when it was consumption every other day for the bird growth performance characteristics.

Sometimes obstacles and problems arise in a person's life, which disrupts the adaptation and, as a result, the mental balance of the person and causes mental disorders. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on the reduction of psychological symptoms in patients with histrionic personality disorder.

The research design was a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all adult women living in Semnan with histrionic personality disorder. To collect information, the revised 90-question disease symptom checklist and Riff's psychological well-being scale were used. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) and SPSS-26 statistical software were used for data analysis.

Examining the average difference of each of the components of the psychological symptoms of the intervention group (intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) and the control group indicates that by removing the effect of the pre-tests, there is a positive relationship between both groups in the components of independence, self-mastery, personal growth, With others, there is a significant difference in purpose in life, self-acceptance and psychological well-being.

The obtained results show that psychodynamic therapy allows the expression of emotions caused by stress in a safe environment with no feeling of rejection by the therapist, which leads to the growth of these people. Shedler (2010) believes that short-term intensive psychodynamic therapy, in addition to high insight and meaningful effectiveness, leads to long-term improvement of clients. This method, through a corrective emotional experience, makes a person in a suitable environment have the opportunity to face what he has avoided throughout his life and the non-adaptive ways he used to communicate with himself and others (one of the components of psychological well-being). let g

In the 17th verse of Surah Hood, the Shiite and Sunni commentators have expressed different views regarding the example of "Sāhib Bayyina" and "Shāhid". The main reason for this difference is their different approach to exegetical traditions of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), Companions, and Followers; Shi'as accept only words of the Infallibles (AS), and due to the lack of innocence in Companions and Followers, they do not rely on their words. in contrast, Sunnis consider the words of the Companions to be authoritative and effective. Since this difference has a significant effect on the correct understanding of a verse, this research aims to achieve the correct interpretation of these examples, based on a descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, after mentioning the commentators’ point of view on the examples of "Sāhib Bayyina” and "Shāhid”, both the Shiite and Sunni exegetical narratives are mentioned and examined to reach the best opinion. Findings show that the exclusive example of "Sāhib Bayyina” is the great Prophet (PBUH); the narrations introducing the example of Sāhib Bayyina as the Prophet, are reported from the Infallibles (AS), in addition to their fame and abundance. But traditions introducing the example of Sāhib Bayyina as a believer, are attributed to a Follower exegete, which cannot be the same as an Infallible interpretation. Also, regarding the example of “Shāhid,” examples such as the Qur’an, the Messenger of God, the tongue of the Messenger of God, Gabriel, or Malek confirming the Prophet, are not accepted, because of their weak sanads, a contradiction to the appearance and context of the verse, and incompatibility with the meaning of the verse. Rather, according to authentic narrations, the correct example of the “Shāhid” is the divine hujja. This verse expresses the infallibility, successorship, and imamate of the Imams.

Cinnamon is a plant containing anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant substances. Previous studies have revealed the reducing effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia and, on the contrary, the reinforcing effects of cinnamon on fertility. Therefore in this study the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of cinnamon on Body Mass Index (BMI) and gene expression of cation channel of sperm (CatSper) in male Wistar rats receiving high-fat diets was investigated.

Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups. Control group received normal diet and no treatment. The five other groups received high-fat diet for eight weeks. The diet control group received only high-fat diet, the vehicle group received carboxymethyl cellulase 0.5% (5 mg/kg), the lovastatin group received 10 mg/kg lovastatin, and the cinnamon groups received 130 and 260 mg intra peritoneum for six weeks daily. BMI was measured at the end of the study. The expression levels of Catsper genes were also evaluated using Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed with SAS software version 9.1 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan tests (p<0.05).

The hydroalcoholic extract of cinnamon significantly reduced BMI (p<0.05). The expression level of Catsper1-4 genes decreased in the model and vehicle groups compared to the control group (p<0.05); however, the expression level of Catsper1-4 genes increased in the cinnamon and lovastatin groups compared to the control group.

Cinnamon as a pretreatment has beneficial and reducing effects on BMI. Moreover, in pretreatment with cinnamon, the increased expression of Catsper1-4 genes is observed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the content and results of valid research articles related to the subject of the current research have been analyzed and reviewed. Examining and analyzing the results of studies that have dealt with the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals, showed that nanoparticles have recently received much attention due to their many applications and unique properties. Oxidative stress is the cause of many diseases in humans. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon in which the balance between antioxidant defense and oxidants in the cell is disrupted. Antioxidants prevent damage caused by oxidants. Although antioxidants have been known for a long time, research on improved natural or synthetic antioxidants is still a topic of interest due to their important practical applications. Antioxidants may suffer from low stability under oxygen and in biological systems can be degraded before reaching their target sites; Or they can have adverse health effects that limit their use. Sometimes, it is desirable to remove the antioxidants from the homogenous system to which they have been added, after they have taken effect. In this context, nanotechnology has opened new opportunities to exploit the unique and innovative properties of nanomaterials, possibly in combination with some common natural or synthetic compounds, with the aim of achieving pioneering "nano-antioxidants" with enhanced properties. Some nanomaterials, including organic metal oxides (e.g., melanin, lignin) (i.e., cerium oxide) or metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold), exhibit intrinsic redox activity, often by scavenging radicals and/or It is associated with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase. Inorganic nanoparticles have been successfully evaluated in terms of antioxidant properties. Recently, nano antioxidants have shown the ability to reduce oxidative stress with greater sensitivity, cellular antioxidant activity and minimal cytotoxic effects and targeted delivery.