فاطمه ناصری

Previous research on the vowel system of Kalhuri Kurdish disagrees on the number and quality of monophthongs in this dialect. The present research focused on providing a phonological and acoustic account of Kalhuri Kurdish as it is spoken in the cities of Islamabad-e-Gharb, Gilan-e-Gharb, and Mahidasht based on the assumption that each dialect has its own vowel system. Vowel (near)minimal pairs were collected using previous research and data collected from native speakers. Vowels were then analyzed acoustically to determine their exact characteristics and location in the vowel space as well as the most exact phonetic symbol to represent them. Data were collected from 11 native speakers whose age ranged between 28 and 65 years. Words were recorded and analyzed using Praat software. The results revealed that Kalhuri Kurdish has 9 monophthongs (/i, y, eː, ԑ, ә, ӕ, ɑ, o, u/) contrary to what was stated in previous works. Measuring the actual frequencies of the first two formants of the vowel /e/ indicated that the symbol /ԑ/ is a more appropriate choice to display this sound and finally, the case of the vowel /o/ was discussed.

Entrepreneurship is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the creation of job opportunities and economic growth. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which means believing in one's ability to do innovative work and the effectiveness of skills in order to start a business, is one of the most important effective dimensions in entrepreneurial behavior. Considering the importance of this matter, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy with the mediating role of emotional creativity.

The research method was a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of the research was formed by the students of Mashhad Conservatories in the academic year 2021-2022, of whom 300 people were selected as research sample using the convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy questionnaire of De Nobel et al (1999) Indecision Intolerance Scale, Freeston et al (1994), and Averill and Thomas Knowles’s (1991) emotional creativity questionnaire were used.

The data analysis results showed a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, a negative and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotional creativity, and a positive and significant relationship between emotional creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Also, emotional creativity was able to significantly mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In fact, intolerance of uncertainty does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it.

In fact, the findings indicated that uncertainty intolerance does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and only has an indirect effect on it; in such a way that intolerance of uncertainty leads to an increase in entrepreneurial self-efficacy by affecting emotional creativity. In other words, people with higher emotional creativity have more self-efficacy beliefs, and this makes a person react more effectively to the challenges that may be faced especially in the early stages of business development.

Following the expansion of business boundaries and the increase of uncertainties, business management under disruption such as the outbreak of epidemics has been considered. In this study, the effective factors on business improvement under epidemic conditions have been investigated using the combined method of scenario planning and interaction effects analysis. The provision of beauty services in the field of healthcare has also been selected as a case study. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and the number of 15 experts who were selected purposefully is included in the sample of the current research. In the first stage, by conducting semi-structured interviews, the components of the research were analyzed and coded using MaxQDA software, and then they were classified from the four perspectives of innovation, flexibility, the resilience of the supply chain, and the integration of demand chain management. In the next step, by compiling the mutual effects analysis questionnaire and performing the analysis with Scenario Wizard software, the research scenarios were compiled and identified in the form of five strong scenarios and 783 weak scenarios. After examining the scenarios, the extracted scenarios are grouped based on the affinity and similarity of the identified scenarios. The key findings show that favorable conditions are more effective in the scenarios that by strengthening the favorable conditions in the healthcare systems, in case of epidemics, we can expect the business improvement process.

This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between organizational social capital and organizational cohesion, with co-creation serving as a mediating variable among the academic faculty members at Birjand University.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The sample comprised 186 faculty members from Birjand University over the academic years 2010-2019. Data collection instruments included Tahirpour's co-creation questionnaire (2021), Fandio et al.'s organizational social capital questionnaire (2015), and Captain's organizational cohesion questionnaire (2005). Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to ascertain the construct validity of these questionnaires, yielding reliability coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.97, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using variance analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling.

The analysis revealed that social capital significantly predicts co-creation (standard coefficient = 0.74) and organizational cohesion (standard coefficient = 0.57). Furthermore, co-creation was found to be a significant predictor of organizational cohesion (standard coefficient = 0.74). The results affirmed a positive and significant relationship between organizational social capital and cohesion, with co-creation acting as a significant mediator. Additionally, structural equation modeling confirmed the adequacy of the research model's fit.

Limitations & Consequences: 

The study faced limitations related to sampling and measurement errors, the costly nature of data collection, faculty members' reluctance to participate, concerns over confidentiality, the scope of the higher education system, and a scarcity of necessary research resources.

Practical Consequences: 

Enhancing organizational social capital could facilitate social cohesion and foster co-creation by strengthening trust-based relationships.Innovation or value of the Article: This study is distinct within the national context as it specifically investigates these variables among university academic staff, marking the inaugural application and translation of the organizational social capital questionnaire in this domain.

Estimation of carrying capacity is a practical management tool in managing tourism and recreational activities in protected areas. Using quantitative methods, the aim of the research was to estimate the tourism carrying capacity of four recreation areas in Golestan National Park in the north of Iran. This study provides a basis for future environmental design of the recreation areas and sustainable tourism management plan, which increases the possibility of achieving the conservation, recreation and educational goals of the park.

After identifying the scope and limits of the recreation areas, 22 limiting factors for each area were determined according to the climatic, ecological, social and infrastructure characteristics. Using the quantitative methods of IUCN, physical (PCC), real (RCC) and effective (ECC) carrying capacity of each recreation area were determined.

The ECC was estimated as 6018, 1033, 195, and 770 persons for Golshan, Abshar, Golzar, and Mirzabaylou recreation areas, respectively. In total, 8016 persons per day can visit 28 hectares of four recreation areas of Golestan National Park around the year, which of course is different in each area and the season, consequently may be change up to three times.

The total number of daily visitors in the 28-hectare recreation areas of Golestan National Park, which is recommended as the effective carrying capacity, is 8016 individuals in a year. This is the highest number of visitors in each recreation area during different seasons of the year. It means maximum one visitor per day can be present in every 27, 48, 211 and 42 m2 of Golshan, Abshar, Golzar, and Mirzabaylou sites, respectively.

Universities can implement the desired model of organizational learning if employees establish close, deep, interactive and cooperation with each other and adopt co-creation approaches (Zhang et al., 2011, p. 52). Co-creation supports the processes of change and group formation and enhances organizational learning by stimulating intellectual, collaborative and discursive, creative and innovative activities among employees and achieving a learning organization. In academic and university environments, faculty members with a co-creative approach can share the necessary information through mutual dialogue in a transparent environment, interact with each other, and improve their skills from organizational learning. Such learning is not only dependent on tools and techniques; rather, it is attained with support, insight and collective and meaningful participation (Mastio Chew & Dovey, 2019, p. 296). However, most of the studies related to organizational learning have not considered the factor that strengthens and even creates it, that is, co-creation. Therefore, in the present study, the researcher aimed to analyze the role of co-creation components on organizational learning among the faculty members of Birjand University and examined four sub-objectives. Therefore, the present study aims at:investigating the predictive role of dialogue on organizational learning among faculty members of University of Birjand. examining the predictive role of access on organizational learning among faculty members of University of Birjand. analyzing the predictive role of flexibility on organizational learning among faculty members of University of Birjand. scrutinizing the predictive role of transparency on organizational learning among faculty members of University of Birjand.

The current research is applied and descriptive in terms of purpose and method, and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 341 faculty members of University of Birjand. The population included five groups of humanities, basic sciences, engineering, agriculture and art, and each group was considered as a separate stratum by using a proportional stratified sampling method. The percentage of faculty members in each group was calculated about the total faculty members of Birjand University. In the final stage, the questionnaires were distributed among a proportion of faculty members in each group, which was estimated in relation to the total faculty members, and distributed randomly. Considering the size of the statistical population in the study (341 people) and considering that the minimum sample size is 200 in structural equation modeling, 210 questionnaires were distributed among the population and finally, 186 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. To measure the research variables, two questionnaires were used: a co-creation questionnaire (Taherpour, 2021) with a reliability coefficient of 0.91 and organizational learning questionnaire (Pham & Swireszek, 2006) with a reliability coefficient of 0.94. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software (version 23) and structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationship between co-creation and organizational learning.

First, Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between co-creation components and organizational learning. The results showed that all variables had a significant correlation with each other at the 0.01 level. The results also showed that co-creation predicted organizational learning. Co-creation had a positive and significant relationship with organizational learning at the 0.0001 level, with a standard coefficient of 0.78 and a t-statistic of 9.08. This means that on average, a one-unit increase or decrease in co-creation would lead to a 0.81-unit increase or decrease in organizational learning, respectively. Also, the fit of the research model was assessed by using the main absolute, parsimonious and comparative indices, which were all in an acceptable range. The normed fit index and the goodness of fit index (GFI) were both 0.94, the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.94, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.09, which is close to zero. Therefore, the proposed model had a good fit.

The results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between co-creation and organizational learning of faculty members. Co-creation, by facilitating dialogue among faculty members, provided opportunities for sharing ideas and work experiences. Co-creation enabled employees to talk about their work experiences with colleagues, and thus, to share knowledge, information, plans and new ideas. This created a path to enhance and improve the organization and led to the generation of new knowledge and better and more learning in the organization. Co-creation also provided access to scientific information for faculty members, and thus, professors communicated with each other and created a field of knowledge and information sharing, which resulted in organizational learning. Co-creation ensured that faculty members provided information in an authentic, accurate, complete and clear manner to other colleagues, which increased organizational learning. Co-creation, by using the flexibility component, provided the field of constructive communication for faculty members to achieve organizational goals and to cooperate to learn more in their specialized field. In general, it can be concluded that co-creation created and improved organizational learning by providing the necessary conditions and factors such as access, transparency, dialogue and flexibility.

Music education has a long history of defending its place in the school curriculum with practitioners, and researchers alike discuss the creative, social, and cognitive benefits of music in children and adolescents. On the academic achievement and social skills of female students in the fourth, fifth, sixth grade, second grade, was in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of 361 students was selected by stepwise random sampling using Morgan table and received Gersham and Elliott (1999) social skills questionnaire. Then, in a simple group of 180 people, they were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (privet schools) and control (public schools). The experimental group was trained in one useful month in 4 sessions of useful 45 minutes in art class (anthem and music), while the control group followed their daily schedule during this period and did not receive any educational intervention. After the educational program, a questionnaire was administered to both groups again. Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that participation in anthem and music art classes was significantly effective in promoting students' academic achievement. These results show that the art class of song and music has had a positive and significant effect on social skills in the dimensions of: cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and empathy.

One of the important issues in the natural child is the issue of lineage, which means whether the natural child has a lineage and can have parents or not. And does he have all the effects of legitimate descent like a legitimate son. Many opinions have been raised on this issue, some believe that a natural child is like an illegitimate child, which has no lineage and does not join its parents, and another group believes that a natural child, although born from a forbidden relationship, belongs to the parents and all the rules of descent are established between them. In this research, we came to the conclusion that a natural child is not an illegitimate child, he is attributed to his parents, but due to the lack of marriage relationship between his parents, he only has some traces of legitimate descent; means, the sanctity of marriage, custody, guardianship, alimony; and these children do not inherit from their parents. However, the cloned child is considered a twin with the owner of the cell, and the parents of the nucleus donor are the parents of the cloned child.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interactive teaching model of e-learning on academic self-efficacy and social skills of female elementary students. The research method is quasi-experimental. In the present study, due to the large statistical population, random sampling was performed and 30 people were selected as the sample and Garsham and Elliott (1999) social skills questionnaire and researcher-made academic self-efficacy questionnaire were performed on them. Then, by simple random number, this number was replaced in two groups of 15 people, one in the experimental group and the other in the control group. The experimental group was trained in interactive e-learning in one month and in 4 useful 45-minute sessions in the classroom, while the control group followed their usual daily schedule during this period and did not receive any educational intervention. After the training program, the questionnaire was administered to both groups again. Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that attending classes based on the interactive teaching model of e-learning had a significant effect on the academic self-efficacy of female elementary school students. These results show that the interactive teaching model of e-learning has a positive and significant effect on social skills in the dimensions of: cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and empathy.

There has long been controversy over the effectiveness of punishment between different perspectives on psychology and the educational sciences.Proper punishment is one of the most important issues in educating students.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of disciplinary punishment on improving the citizenship responsibility of female students(case study of high schools in Tehran).The research method was quasi-experimental. The measurement tool of the researcher-made questionnaire included a closed-ended question that included the components of disciplinary punishment.The statistical population of 7000 students were selected by stepwise random sampling using Morgan table and then randomly divided into two groups of 180 people in two experimental and control groups.In the experimental group, in two months,9 components of punishment were applied to them.While the control group followed their daily training program during this period and did not receive any training intervention.After the training program,the questionnaire was administered to both groups again.Data analysis showed that the components of punishment (verbal punishment,corporal punishment,punishment for not attending class,referring to parents,lowering grades,fines,deprivation of recreational camps,introduction to the school disciplinary council,deprivation of attention to the teacher Two components of punishment out of nine components have been significantly effective in improving the responsibility of female students in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of high school in the experimental group after the end of two months.These results show that disciplinary punishment(punishment of deprivation of recreational camps, deprivation of attention to the teacher)is effective in improving the responsibility of citizenship of female students(case study of high schools in Tehran).

Given to its favorable radionuclidic characteristics, such as tl/2 = 1.93 days and Eβ(max) = 0.71 MeV and ease of its large-scale production using medium flux research reactors, 153Sm is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. 153Sm is a beta and gamma emitter that due to its physical and radiochemical properties is ideal for the treatment of bone metastasis. In this study, 153Sm was produced by thermal neutrons irradiation of 152Sm in the Tehran research reactor with a flux of 2.5 ×1013 n / cm2.s. A two-step electrolysis was used to separate 153Sm with separation efficiency of 88.25% from europium in lithium citrate medium by optimization of voltage (6V), electrolyte concentration (0.2 M), pH (6) and time (30 min).

The purpose of this research is the comparison of the impact of the face-to-face and the virtual education methods on learning and retention of primary school male students in Farhang School.

The present research method is quasi-experimental.It is worth mentioning that in the present study, the sampling method was non-random (available and voluntary) and the method of replacing students in experimental groups was random. The research data were studied through a researcher-made test, learning and retention in Persian lessons and the data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.

Accordingly Pre-test, post-test research design was used.The results show that in Pre-test there is not significant difference between Rotational learning of advanced control group of both face to face and virtual education but in Post-test there is significant difference between learning of face to face group and virtual group.Similarly, there is a significant difference between the retention rate of the virtual group and the retention rate of the face to face group.

According to the findings it can be concluded that virtual learning when implemented properly can have a positive effect on learning rate.

As the population grows, there is further need to food, and fish is not an exception. Several fish species are potential sources of common parasites between humans and fish. One of the important diseases common between human and fish is Anisakiasis. The parasitic agent of this disease is the larval stage of the Anisakid family nematodes, including Pseudoterranova and Anisakis.

In this study, Epinephelus fish, one of the edible and commercial valuable fishes of the Oman Sea, was examined for the presence of nematodes of the Anizakidae family.

Fifteen out of the 26 specimens were infected with Nematodes. Nematodes were isolated from fish abdominal area. For morphological study, each nematode sample was first clarified with lactophenol. Subsequently, it was examined using an optical microscope. After morphological examination of these nematodes, DNA extraction was performed. Using primers related to a part of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), PCR products were 710 bp for PCR reaction. Finally, the amplified fragment was sequenced.

The larvae were about 1 to 3 cm long, white, and often twisted. At the anterior end of the parasite, a button was seen, and in some larvae, a terminal spine was observed. In certain larvae, a small abdomen at the end of the esophagus can be seen. Out of the obtained 26 nematode specimens, eight Anisakis specimens were identified following morphological analysis. These specimens had terminal spines and three anterior lips. After sequencing, Pseudoterranova nematode was identified to belong to aniakidae family. Separate clad tree showed paraphylitic for isolated Pseudoterranova.

Morphological examination categorized isolated larvae as the Anizakidae family. Other molecular results of this nematode showed Pseudoterranova krabbei. The results of sequencing this parasite were recorded in the gene bank under the Accession number: MK317965. This nematode was initially isolated from the Oman Sea Epinephelus fish.

Learning through games and dolls is one of the most important ways to learn. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of puppetry class on learning and social skills of first, second and third grade female students in the first elementary school in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of 360 students was selected by stepwise random sampling using Morgan table and received Gersham and Elliott (1999) social skills questionnaire. Then, they were randomly replaced in two groups of 180 in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in puppetry class for 4 useful 45-minute sessions in one month, while the control group followed their daily schedule during this period and did not receive any educational intervention. After the training program, the questionnaire was administered to both groups again. Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that attending puppetry classes had a significant effect on promoting students' learning. These results show that the puppet drama class has a positive and significant effect on social skills in the dimensions of: cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and empathy.

Education through drama is a concept that has recently received more emphasis in the world than in the past, and in recent years has been growing and finds more of its audience in the age group of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of play on academic achievement and social skills of female students in fourth, fifth, sixth grade, second grade, Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population was 361 students selected by stepwise random sampling using Morgan table and received Gersham and Elliott (1999) social skills questionnaire. Then, in a simple group of 180 people, they were randomly divided into experimental groups (private schools) and control groups (public schools). The experimental group was trained in one useful month in 4 sessions of useful 45 minutes in the art class (Drama), while the control group followed their daily schedule during this period and did not receive any educational intervention. After the training program, the questionnaire was administered to both groups again. Data analysis using analysis of covariance showed that participation in performance art classes had a significant effect on promoting students' academic achievement. These results show that the play has a positive and significant effect on social skills in the dimensions of: cooperation, assertiveness, self-control and empathy.