فرشید بی باک

This research aims to identify the factors contributing to the increased inclination of teenagers and young people toward designer and traditional drugs through a meta-analytical approach. The study is descriptive in purpose, applied in terms of its practical focus, and quantitative in data type. The research population includes studies published in scientific journals and prestigious conferences over the past 10 years (2011–2022) related to the causes of increased drug use among teenagers and young people, with adequate sample sizes. Nineteen studies meeting methodological criteria were selected for analysis. A meta-analysis checklist was used as the research tool. After summarizing the findings from the selected studies, effect sizes were calculated manually and interpreted based on a combined meta-analysis approach and Cohen’s effect size scale. The key studies were categorized into sociological and psychological approaches. Among the psychological factors, "temptation to consume" and "pleasure-seeking" were prominent, while sociological factors such as "drug availability," "influence of friends and peers," "membership in delinquent subcultures," and "unemployment and economic challenges" showed the highest effect sizes. The results indicate that the average effect size (Cohen's d) of psychological and sociological factors on drug use inclination is 0.40 and 0.69, respectively. These findings demonstrate that sociological factors have a particularly strong influence on drug use tendencies. This suggests that any program aimed at combating drug use should emphasize these environmental and social variables, integrating them into its framework.

Artificial intelligence is an emerging phenomenon in the field of technology that, according to scientists' predictions, will change many things in the near future and will mark important changes in the path of humanity's life; And countries will use this new technology as a strong driver of their regional and extra-regional power. The main question of the research is, to what extent will the impact of artificial intelligence in the command, control and guidance of possible future combined battles be? This research, using a descriptive and analytical method, and using a library tool, investigated the level of familiarity with artificial intelligence among the citizens of the Republic of Iran and the future study of the enemies' actions and the necessity of using artificial intelligence in the sustainable security of the country, and based on the results The active presence of artificial intelligence in the developments of recent years, especially the disturbances and influence of this emerging phenomenon among the students of the young generation, emphasized the necessity of forming and strengthening the national information network and explaining the necessity of its use, the importance of education in the field of national security. And artificial intelligence from school to university and the limitation of the use of domestic artificial intelligence technology among high-ranking officials of the country - Lashgari considers it as his main demand.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting social adjustment based on psychological well-being and distress tolerance. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all the conscripts of Urmia city in 2022- 2023, who were evaluated using the available sampling method and 100 people were evaluated as a sample and responded to the research tools. Psychological well-being questionnaires of Rief (1995), Distress Tolerance of Simmons and Gaher (2005) and Bell's social adjustment (1961) were used to measure the studied variables. The research data was analyzed using Pearson correlation methods and step-by-step regression analysis with SPSS version 25 software, and the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05. The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between distress tolerance and psychological well-being. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between distress tolerance and psychological well-being with the social adjustment of conscripts. 17.3% of the variance of social adjustment was explained by psychological well-being and a total of 26.8% of the variance of social adjustment was explained by psychological well-being and distress tolerance of conscripts. Based on the findings of this research, psychological well-being and distress tolerance play an important role in predicting the social adjustment of active duty soldiers, and it seems necessary to pay attention to the mentioned variables to improve the social adjustment of soldiers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of Self-care behaviors with mental vulnerability in cardiovascular patients with mediating role of adherence. The method of this research was descriptive correlation based on path analysis. The statistical population of this study included all 354 patients with cardiovascular diseases in Seyed Al-Shohada Specialized Heart Hospital in Urmia in 2021. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, with the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 226 patients with cardiovascular disease were selected by available methods after reviewing the inclusion criteria. The mental Vulnerability Questionnaire (SCL-25) by Najarian and Davoodi (2001), the Adherence questionnaire (ADQ) by Seyed Fatemi et al. (2018), and the Self-care behaviors Questionnaire (EHFSB) by Wellen et al. (2013) were taken. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis with SPSS18 and Amos23 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between Self-care behaviors and adherence to mental vulnerability in cardiovascular patients (P<0.01). Self-care behaviors have an effect of -0.55 on psychological vulnerability with the mediating role of adherence. (p≤ 0.01). The research model had a good fit and also, and the value of the general explanation coefficient in direct and indirect paths was equal to R2=0.42. These results emphasize the effect of cognitive-behavioral factors in controlling psychological vulnerability in cardiovascular patients.

 Performing risky behaviors by teenagers will be the most important factor in jeopardizing the health and safety of society in the future. Therefore, the present research was conducted aimed at investigating the path analysis model of the social security feeling and non-observance of law in the tendency toward risky behaviors among adolescents.

 The present research was of applied type in nature and of correlational type in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the present study is made up of all 1361 male students secondary school of the twelfth grade of humanities in 15 schools of Urmia city in the academic year of 2020-2021. In order to determine the sample size based on Klein's method (2010), 370 students were selected using the available method. In this research, Mohammadzadeh and Ahmadabadi's risk behavior questionnaire (2008), Mirfardi and Faraji's law non-observance questionnaire (2016) and Niazi and Farshadfar's social security questionnaire (2011) were used. Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation test and path analysis using SPSS 18 and Amos 23.

 The findings showed that there is a negative correlation between social security feeling (-0.40) and the tendency toward risky behaviors at a significant level of 0.01. While, there is a positive correlation between non-observance of law (0.37) and tendency to risky behaviors at a significant level of 0.01. The social security feeling has an impact of 0.503 on the tendency toward risky behaviors with the mediation of non-observance of law. In the research, it could be concluded that once social security is improved, the rate of law non-observance by people will decrease, as a result, the probability of displaying high-risk behaviors by adolescents would be lower.

The aim of this study was to develop an educational package on the perception of the school environment and its feasibility study on the self-defeating academic behaviors of male students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population included all students studying in the second year of high school in the city of Buchan in the academic year 1399-1400. Through the purposive sampling method, 30 individuals were selected and randomly replaced into two groups of 15 experimental and control. The measuring instrument in this study was the Self-Breaking Behavior and Cognition Scale (Cunningham, 2007). The students in the experimental group underwent 8 90-minute sessions (2 sessions per week) of the school environment perception program and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance with SPSS software version 23. The results showed that the educational package of perception of the school environment was significant in reducing the self-defeating academic behaviors of male students (p <0.01). Based on the research results, it can be said that the educational package of perception of the school environment is a suitable intervention method to reduce self-defeating academic behaviors in male students.

Escaping from military service occurs first during a process of incompatibility with the situation, then violence, and finally escape. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of distress tolerance in relation to soldiers' violence with desire to escape due to the performance of commanders.

This research was descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all 280 soldiers of Imam Sajjad Educational Center in Urmia, Iran in July 2021. In this study, 210 samples were selected by the simple random sampling. The Buss-Perry Violence Questionnaire, the Simons and Gaher Turbulence Questionnaire, as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of tendency to escape due to the commanders' performance were used to collect data. To analyzing the data, Pearson correlation test and structural equation model were used in the form of SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software.

Among 210 participants in the study, 139 people had diploma and lower degrees and also 71 people had a bachelor's degree or higher. Confirmatory validity and the measurement model of the three questionnaires were confirmed and the reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of violence 0.87, distress tolerance was 0.79 and desire to escape was 0.88. The findings showed that the soldiers' violence and distress tolerance due to the performance of the commanders on the desire to escape have a direct and indirect effect of 0.291 and -0.246. The standardized values of the indirect effects of the violence through the mediation of distress tolerance on the tendency to escape were confirmed by the Bootstrap estimation method and violence had an effect on the desire to escape through mediation of distress tolerance (-0.48) (p <0.01). Finally, the research model was approved and 41% of the desire to escape due to the performance of commanders could be explained by the variables of soldiers' violence and distress tolerance in direct and indirect levels.

The present study shows that soldier violence affects the desire to escape through the mediation of distress tolerance and importance of cognitive and emotional factors in explaining the desire to escape due to the performance of commanders.

The spread of corona disease and the implementation of preventive policies have had a profound psychological and physical impact on individuals in society; Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict corona anxiety based on job satisfaction and work engagement.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all teachers of bokan University of Applied Sciences in 2020-2021, which were evaluated as a sample using a total sampling method of 93 people. The questionnaires were distributed online through social networks (WhatsApp and Telegram). To measure the studied variables, questionnaires of Corona Minnesota job satisfaction (MSQ) and work engagement of Salanova & Schaufeli were used. Research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and stepwise regression analysis with SPSS software version 23 and the significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that 57 teachers (61.29%) were males and 36 (38.70%) were females. The mean and standard deviation of age for male teachers was 37.91 ± 4.54years and the mean and standard deviation of age for female teachers was 34.19 ± 3.82 years. There was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and work engagement and also a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and work engagement with coronary anxiety. 12.5% of the variance of corona anxiety was explained by job satisfaction and a total of 19.6% of the variance of coronar anxiety was explained by job satisfaction and work engagement.

According to the results of the study, it can be stated that in order to increase job satisfaction and work engagement in people's work environments, measures should be taken to reduce anxiety and negative variables and teachers should do their work with more satisfaction and engagement.

Many physical diseases are affected by cognitive and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neuropsychological function and self-care behaviors on COVID-19 anxiety in diabetic patients.

This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included women with type 2 diabetes in the Iranian Diabetes Association in Urmia in the spring of 2021. Sample selection was done by simple random method. Corona Anxiety Questionnaire of Alipour et al (2019), Neuropsychological Function Questionnaire of Nejati (2013) and Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire of Toobert and Glasgow (1994) were used.

The mean age of 165 women with type 2 diabetes was 45.7±18.4 years. There was a negative relationship between neuropsychological function and self-care behaviors with COVID-19 anxiety. Neuropsychological function and self-care behaviors had a negative effect of 0.20 and 0.25 on COVID-19 anxiety, respectively.

The findings of this study emphasize the role of cognitive factors on COVID-19 anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Breaking the law by drivers and disobeying the police order is always one of the most important social issues in all societies. The present study aims to investigate the social factors affecting drivers' lawlessness and disobedience to police orders.

This study made use of a causal-comparative research design. The statistical population of the present study included all offending drivers in West Azerbaijan province who due to their negative score exceeded the permissible level (30 and above), their licenses or vehicles were confiscated by the provincial traffic police in the period from November to January 2020 and have been referred to provincial traffic police. The sample was 120 offending drivers who were selected by the convenience sampling method.Also, 120 non-offending drivers (comparison group) were selected as a comparison group, who were matched with offending drivers in terms of driving history, type of vehicle (light-heavy), and age. To collect the data of this study, the questionnaires social support, social capital (2000),social participation (1393), social anomie (1395), and feelings of anomie (2011) were used.

The findings showed that on the one hand, there is no significant difference between drivers with and without lawlessness behavior in social support and social capital. But there is a significant difference between drivers with and without lawlessness behavior in social participation, social control, and social anomia.

The results showed that social participation, social support, and social anomia play an important role in the occurrence of the phenomenon of drivers' lawlessness and disobedience to police orders. Therefore, politicians and legislators are suggested to prevent the occurrence of illegal driving by providing social control, providing opportunities to increase citizen participation in society, reducing the feeling of social chaos of citizens, and therefore providing the ground for citizens to obey the laws.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the role of critical thinking and resilience in predicting social adjustment among conscripts of the police headquarters in Agh province. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all soldiers on duty in the police headquarters of Agh province in 2021. Using the available sampling method, 100 people were studied. The California Critical Thinking Questionnaire Form Fakino and Facino (1994), Connor & Davidson Resilience (2003) and Bell Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1961) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the variables of critical thinking and resilience had a positive and significant relationship with social adjustment. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the variable of social adjustment is predicted based on the variables of resilience and critical thinking. Finally, the results of one-way analysis of variance test showed that the rate of social adjustment, resilience and critical thinking between soldiers with different military ranks Is different. Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be concluded that programs for intervention and training of critical thinking and resilience should be considered in public service training centers as well as the Disciplinary Command Headquarters to increase social adjustment among soldiers.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of functional analytical psychotherapy on treatment adherence and self-care behaviors in female patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The severity of cardiovascular disease is affected by cognitive and behavioral function in people experiencing acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, with effective and modern treatments for this problem, effective results could be expected.

The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test post-test and follow-up design with control group. A sample of 30 women with a history of acute myocardial infarction who had been admitted to Seyed Al-Shohada Heart Hospital in Urmia, Iran, in 2021, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) group. Tsai et al. (2010) Functional Analytical Psychotherapy Package was implemented for experimental group in 10 sessions of 45 minutes duration. Before and after the sessions, and also, 3 months after intervention, both members of experimental and control groups completed Treatment Adherence Questionnaire and Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire as pre-test, post-test and follow-up measurements. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of covariance in SPSS Version 18.

The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in term of the means of treatment adherence and self-care behaviors in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Functional analytical psychotherapy had a greater effect on improving self-care behaviors (0.912) than treatment adherence (0.897) in female patients with acute myocardial infarction (P≥0.0001).

These results emphasize the effect of functional analytical psychotherapy in cognitive and behavioral domains in the treatment of female patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Training needs assessment, a critical activity for education and improving the performance of managers and employees. To efficiency and effectiveness of all training programs must begin with a needs assessment. Therefore, with the aim of training needs assessment collection Kurdistan province police chief police chief of the staff we decided to educational needs in the domain of knowledge is incumbent measured. This research is descriptive survey. The population, Kurdistan province police chief's staff. The selected sample of 384 was selected using relative stratified sampling . The main need for more staff training and attitude within the area due tothe inherent missions of security forces, have been identified.behavior in the first place, the need for education on professional ethics and the need for education about vision provincial organization in second place ranking last.