فریبا شایگان

Police social capital can significantly impact the improvement and enhancement of police performance and the successful fulfillment of police missions. This is especially relevant in the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has adopted a community-oriented approach as its main strategy. This article aims to systematically review the research conducted in the field of police social capital using the meta-synthesis method to provide an overview of the current state of police social capital.

In terms of its objectives, this research is applied and descriptive-analytical, and in terms of nature, it is a systematic review. The meta-synthesis method was used to examine police social capital studies published between 2011 and 2023 in reputable journals approved by the Ministry of Science, with at least an A or B scientific rating. Initially, 134 studies were identified through searches, of which 53 were excluded due to deficiencies or overlap. After removing these, a total of 81 studies were selected, most of which were articles.

All articles and reports were screened using title, abstract, and full-text filters. The CASP tool was used for this screening process. The findings indicate that police social capital has been evaluated at three levels: macro, meso, and micro. Among these studies, the most frequently used term was "trust."

By examining the indicators and components of police social capital at the macro, meso, and micro levels, it appears that macro-level policies and strategies should aim to enhance social capital, thereby energizing the meso level. The meso level, through planning, guidance, supervision, and provision of adequate resources, equipment, and training, should work to elevate social capital at the micro level, resulting in improved individual performance. This, in turn, boosts morale and motivation, leading to greater dedication in fulfilling duties. This process enhances the efficiency, capability, and professionalism of the police, which forms the foundation of public trust. As public trust in the police increases, so does public participation, ultimately leading to the growth of police social capital.

The purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize the effective factors on document forgery criminalization with a law enforcement approach through the hierarchical tree analysis method.
According to the type of research data, in terms of method, the present research is a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) research. In the qualitative phase of exploratory research projects, the researcher aims to discover basic and accurate information about an uncertain phenomenon or situation. This preliminary knowledge provides the possibility of formulating hypothesis(es) about the occurrence of the phenomenon under study, according to the thematic gap, while interviewing experts (semi-structured interviews with experts), the dimensions, indicators and components are determined and analyzed in the second phase. In the second phase (quantitative method), in order to test the developed hypotheses, the researcher can use quantitative research methods to validate the data obtained from the qualitative stage and modify, replace or eliminate the factors that had less impact. In the field section, using the researcher-made questionnaire in pairs, according to the opinion of the experts, it will be weighted by using the hierarchical analysis of the factors. The statistical sample included 12 experts in this field (including document forgery experts of I.R.I. Criminal Investigation Police and Tehran Metropolitan Criminal Investigation Police).
According to the analysis of the research findings, four factors (contextual, content, process, and functional) were identified and ranked from the most important to the least important effective factors in the criminalization of document forgery.
In general, the evaluation of the police's strategic policies in this area shows that a unified and coherent model in the criminalization of forgery has not been explained, and the goals and values ​​of the legislator in promoting such a policy are not clear. In addition, there are ambiguities in the legislative criminal policy approach to counterfeiting. In crimes that have many examples in the society, such as the crime of forgery, if the criminalization is not done based on appropriate, reasonable, logical and sensible policies, it will not only not lead to favorable consequences, but also cause the society to be pessimistic about how to deal with the phenomenon of document forgery with law enforcement approach.

Context and The supreme leader of social security considers the absence of fear, threat and insecurity from the people in the work and life environment, and it is the duty of the police to provide it. This research is trying to explain Faraja's duties in the transformation and promotion of social security by calculating the indicators of social security in the statements of the supreme leader. In terms of purpose, this research is applied with a qualitative approach using the content analysis method, and the studied society is all the documents, documents and resources related to the lectures of His Holiness from 1368 to 1401, which have been studied to the extent of saturation and in a purposeful way, and in the form of components and indicators. has been analyzed. In total, 4 statements were directly obtained from the senior leadership regarding social security. From the point of view of the senior leadership, social security means that people should not feel fear, threat and insecurity in their work and life environment. 5 categories were extracted from the statements: "People's lack of fear in the work and life environment" with 3 sentences, "Ensuring the security of people's property and children" with 6 sentences, "Preventing the youth from leading to social deviations" with 4 sentences and "Combating the insecurity makers of the society" It was with 8 sentences. The leading authorities have considered social security to include security in all social environments, including cities and villages, borders, roads, universities, places of business, streets, and the like, and its provision is the responsibility of all institutions and organizations, even Family members know and believe that everyone should feel responsible in this regard and recognize their role and act on it.

In the issue of land grabbing crime detection, there is a need to design a management model to integrate the implementation of the approved and of course different guidelines of relevant organizations.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of mixed method. The studied community in the qualitative phase, informed experts with a theoretically saturated sample size of 11 sub-organizations of land affairs, environmental protection, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Police Command And the Public Prosecutor's Office and Revolution Department, a small number of land grabbing crime detection experts of the Economic Security Police of the province are considered to be 32 people, which considering the total number, the sample size was not meaningful. In the qualitative section, the semi-structured interview research tool was used to analyze the data, thematic analysis and open and selective coding. SPSS software was used.

In this research, 4 dimensions include 1- Management dimension with 3 components of management and command, training and appointment, 2- Structural factors dimension with 2 components of organizational structure and organizational regulations, 3- Planning and planning dimension with 3 targeting components , politics and crime statistics and 4-dimension of development and reform with 2 components of continuing the process and transformation and reform with a total of 22 indicators for the aforementioned 10 components were obtained.

In the prioritization, structural factors, planning and planning, development and improvement, and management have priority in the design of the management model of land degradation. In addition, the findings and results of the current research are in line with the background. They are research.

Since it is necessary for the police to have a relatively good knowledge of the culture of the people in their place of service, it is necessary to improve this knowledge during their training at the university. The purpose of this article is to examine the educational, skill and equipment requirements needed to increase the knowledge of students in this field.

This research was conducted in terms of practical purpose and with a qualitative approach using a focus group. The participating community in this research were the professors of Amin University and the employees of the Vice-Chancellor of Education and the commanders of the line and the officials of the workshops, who were at saturation level (17 people) and participated in three round tables in a purposeful way based on selection criteria. The validity of the research was done by re-reading the text of the round tables by two different people

The skill requirements obtained were: the skill of proper interaction and communication with different ethnic groups, knowing body language, knowing the lifestyle of ethnic groups, the relative skill of conversation or understanding the language of ethnic groups, etc. The equipment requirements for the implementation of the model were: The need for television to show movies related to relatives, the need for space for holding exhibitions and classrooms and meeting halls, and the educational requirements of designing a new course and adding topics to the courses related to the subject.

By implementing the educational, equipment and skill requirements identified for teaching and promoting the intercultural knowledge of students in this research by the relevant officials, it is expected that students' knowledge of different cultures will increase.

Mosques, as sacred spaces for spiritual connection with God and the propagation of Islam, have historically served secondary functions alongside their primary roles. They employ various methods to encourage adolescent participation, functioning not only as places of worship but also as centers for education, social interaction, and the transmission of religious values across generations. This article examines the characteristics of mosques that successfully attract teenagers and foster their religious education. Attracting adolescents to mosques is not merely about increasing physical attendance; the ultimate goal is to cultivate a profound connection between teenagers and religious values, strengthen their sense of belonging to the Islamic community, and nurture a generation capable of confronting contemporary intellectual and moral challenges.

This applied research adopted a survey method, with a statistical population of 300 families residing near three active and three inactive mosques, selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Mosque activity levels served as the selection criterion, distinguishing between "active" and "inactive" mosques. Here, "inactive" refers to mosques with minimal supplementary activities, not a complete absence of function. Questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS software, with results organized into two distinct sections. Content validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability was confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha (exceeding 0.70).

The study revealed that the quantity and quality of mosques' primary and secondary activities significantly influence adolescent attendance and participation. Enhanced primary functions—such as congregational prayers, supplications, religious lectures, and classes—correlate with greater teenage engagement. Additionally, the imam’s acceptability, as both the mosque’s manager and a trusted spiritual leader, plays a pivotal role in attracting youth. The mosque’s external features also contribute notably to this dynamic. 

Despite the importance of female police officers in establishing community security, few efforts have been made to identify their work-related challenges. This research focuses on the organizational and social challenges faced by female police officers in the police command of West Azerbaijan Province, aiming to recognize and address these challenges. The study is practical in purpose and employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. The study population comprises lieutenants, regional commanders, managers, and female employees in the year 1401 (according to the Iranian calendar). Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, with a final sample size of 45 individuals, determined by the point of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions, and main themes were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. Qualitative findings revealed five themes in the area of social challenges and eight themes in the area of organizational challenges. The results indicate that the majority of respondents strongly affirm the significance of these identified themes. Suggested solutions include gradually changing societal views on female police officers, leveraging mass communication tools, presenting successful role models, using films and series, reviewing and adapting relevant laws and regulations, consulting religious authorities (mujtahids), and applying scientific methods to reduce organizational and social challenges. Ensuring respect for women's individuality and security in the work environment is seen as critical for overcoming the obstacles associated with employing female police officers in law enforcement roles.

Several factors have an effect on the perceived social status of people, and this research aims to investigate the factors affecting the social status of social workers of Tehran Municipality.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin with the community of participants working in nursing homes and social patrol 137. The sample size was at the limit of theoretical saturation, which reached saturation with 14 people who were selected purposefully based on criteria and snowball. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and open, central and selective coding was used for data analysis. The validity of the findings was done by three methods of reliability, believability and verifiability.

Causal conditions affecting the social status of the target employees included 4 factors and 55 sentences, background conditions affecting their social status included 8 factors and 41 open codes, and intervening conditions were extracted with 54 items and 7 factors. The strategy of these employees against the above conditions was obtained with 40 items and the consequences of these strategies with 32 items.

Narrating the story of this paradigm model showed that job difficulty, job insecurity, faulty job development system, dealing with injured people and social injuries all help people feel they have a low social status and think of running away. be out of a job or suffer burnout, social isolation and depersonalization."

The success of any organization depends on the decisions taken and actions taken by the manager of that complex. This matter has a special place in military and law enforcement organizations; therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the role of police commanders in making other organizations responsible in crime prevention.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose which is conducted via a qualitative method within a thematic analysis. The participants of the realization were the experts (Commanders and police deputies of Urmia city as well as the chiefs of the specialized police) who were interviewed using the purposeful sampling method based on criteria and until the theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the reliability method between two coders and Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to calculate the reliability. Data analysis was done using Max QDA software.

In the process of data analysis, there are three overarching themes including the demanding role, the interactive role, and the collaborative role of police commanders in making other organizations responsible, with thirteen organizing themes including "interacting with responsible organizations in crime prevention, encouraging organizations to create a care process with tools and equipment, providing environmental and physical facilities, communicating with people and education, demanding specialization, requiring action and not sloganeering, improving the quality of responsibility, establishing crime prevention programs in organizations, promoting educational-research activities, participating in preventing Organizational anomie of empowerment and strengthening of social capital" and 45 basic themes were obtained.

The results of the research showed that police commanders can play a significant role in crime prevention through participation and interaction with the officials of other organizations as well as demanding from them.

The unrest in the fall of 2022 was marked by a complex and extensive design, with a subversive nature orchestrated by foreign actors. Utilizing social engineering methods, these external forces managed and directed the unrest, playing a pivotal role in its formation, guidance, and steering. This research aims to examine the 2022 unrest from the perspective of social engineering tactics employed by foreign-directed media.
This study is applied in purpose and qualitative in nature, conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach. Media outlets such as "BBC Persian," "Manoto," and "Voice of America" were part of the participatory community under study, with a targeted focus on the "Iran International" website for analysis. Data collection tools included documents and records available on the Iran International website. In terms of validity and reliability, the website and social media addresses are specified, allowing any researcher to verify the topics by visiting the site and reviewing the specified dates.
Based on the research findings, 17 social engineering tactics employed by foreign actors were identified and introduced. These include slogan creation, crisis fabrication, gender-based division, ethnic division, religious division, instigation of maximalist thinking, exploitation of students, suggestion of widespread foreign support, omission, censorship, generalization, use of technological tools, masked sources, incitement to violence, management of gatherings, verbal attacks on military, law enforcement, and security forces, euphemistic language, exploitation of guilds, and leveraging opposition groups.
By analyzing the social engineering tactics used in the formation and direction of the fall 2022 unrest, it can be concluded that these protests were primarily cultural in nature, aiming to create gender, ethnic, and religious divisions to achieve subversion. This distinguishes them from previous unrest, which had an economic-political nature. These protests align more closely with the theory of subcultural resistance. It is recommended to invest more in media literacy, teach civil protest in schools, establish free-thinking platforms in universities, produce cultural content, manage cyberspace, and enhance the effective presence of law enforcement in the digital sphere.

In the contemporary world, the consumption of cultural and artistic goods has become an important part of people's daily life due to the variety of products and goods, and according to some researchers, it has become an essential and inseparable part of human life. Therefore, in examining the social and cultural factors of any society, the type of cultural consumption and the content of the artistic and literary tastes of different groups of society should be sociologically examined so that cultural and literary goods are produced and offered based on the existing artistic and literary tastes. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this research has analyzed the patterns of artistic and literary consumption among the occupational classes of the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance with a sociological approach. The type of research was based on the applied nature and based on the analytical-survey method.The results showed that among the artistic uses (literary, cinematographic and musical), the respondents' musical consumption is more than other literary and artistic uses. 41% of the respondents always (every day) listen to music. If less than ten percent (7.7%) of the respondents always and every day read cultural and artistic newspaper or magazine. 28.4 percent rarely (once a month) read non-curricular books (novels, stories, poems, etc.). Among the literary uses, respondents prefer to read scientific books, followed by poetry books. Among the job classes, people with higher job class (senior and PhD) mostly prefer historical and political books

In every country, by adopting effective legislative, judicial and cooperative policies, crime can be prevented. Prevention of crime is the focus of a prudent criminal policy. Traffic accidents form a huge part of it, it is reduced. In this research, situational prevention is based on the Cornish and Kalerk model in 5 axes,

This research in terms of purpose; It was practical and conducted with a survey method. The statistical community of accident experts of Khorram Abad city was 184 people, and the sample size was determined using Morgan's table of 118 people, which was sampled by random cluster method. The tool for gathering information was a researcher-made questionnaire, and its validity was obtained through face validity.

The components of the related variable are correlated with the dependent variable in the results of the questionnaire, and it was found that the component of eliminating excuses (eliminating excuses) with a value of 0.983 (highest correlation) and then reducing the benefits of violation with a value of 0.923. In the next rank, Vespas had a decrease in stimulation with a value of 0.825 (lowest correlation).

The results of this research indicate that: among the prevention strategies in reducing accidents, identifying and correcting points with frequent violations, using electronic equipment to record violations, intensifying punishments for traffic violations, using all possible tools to advertise regulations It can be effective in improving traffic reducing accidents.

Today, consumption has become one of the most important global issues. So that the position of consumption is so much that some people define the lifestyle based on it. At the end of the 20th century, consumption has become a multi-dimensional reality that, in addition to the dimensions of economic requirements, has many cultural meanings and social requirements. Consumption patterns are stable social behaviors that exist in society in relation to the consumption of all kinds of goods, food, clothing and other cultural items. Therefore, consumption and consumption patterns have become an important issue in people's daily lives and play an important role in their lived experience and direction of their actions in various fields. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject, this research deals with the sociological analysis of the comparison of consumption patterns among occupational classes in the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and the Tax Affairs Organization of the country. The type of research was based on the applied nature and based on the analytical-survey method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The results showed that the snack meal is observed more among diploma and sub-diploma people (occupational class 1). Less than half of the respondents pay attention to nutrients in food consumption, this issue is more evident among men and those who have sufficient income. The results showed that rice has the highest presence in the daily food basket of employees. On the other hand, the consumption of fish meat is less than other items. The consumption of soft drinks among the first occupational class and the consumption of red meat among the sixth occupational class (PhD) are more pronounced. People of the sixth class, who are part of the upper economic classes, consume less grains than othefrom othesociety.

 Despite the importance of female police in establishing community security, few attempts have been made to identify their work challenges. The issue of the current research emphasizes the individual and family challenges of employing female police officers in the police command of West Azarbaijan province, and the recognition of the challenges ahead is the focus of the goal.

 The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its approach, it is a qualitative study based on thematic analysis method. The statistical population of this research was composed of deputies, regional commanders, managers and female employees in 1401. The purposeful sampling method was based on criteria and the sample size was 45 people at the theoretical saturation limit. To collect data, semi-structured interview and open questions were used, and the main themes were analyzed using the 7-step method of Claisey.

 Based on qualitative findings from the content of the interviewees, 5 themes were identified in the field of individual challenges and 7 themes in the field of family challenges. The obtained themes indicated that in the majority of cases the respondents confirm the importance of the extracted themes at a high level.

 The results of the research showed that factors such as trying to gradually change the society's view of female police officers, introducing successful models of female police officers, establishing new laws and regulations, and obtaining the theory of mujtahids regarding the use of female police officers in solving problems and obstacles to The employment of police women in law enforcement missions is effective.

Since the operatives of the traffic police have the most contact and communication with the members of the society and its operatives are always in direct contact with the members of the society, their performances and behaviors will have a direct effect on the attitude of the people towards the police as a whole. This research is to investigate the drivers' satisfaction with the excellence of the behavior of IRI Traffic Police operatives, so that we can reach a balanced view of the existing conditions and the distance between them and the desired conditions.

Through individual interviews with the chiefs and deputies of the traffic police, as well as experts and elites (70 people), the necessary data were collected and based on the extracted criteria for the design of the measurement tool (questionnaire) for the drivers of the public fleet and passengers. Inside and outside the city with a sample size of 358 people were used. In the following, first the results of the normality test and correlation analysis between the variables were performed, and then the results of the confirmatory factor analysis were presented. At the end, the results of the independent t-test were presented to compare the current and desired conditions.

The findings indicate that from the perception of the drivers of the public fleet and passenger and freight transport in and out of the city, the current situation in all dimensions is much lower than the desired situation and is not very satisfactory.

Paying attention, training and dealing with operational forces in order to increase personal and social skills as well as specialized skills, along with creating fundamental changes to improve laws and regulations that provide better conditions for the interaction of operational employees with each other and also their interaction with people can help to increase the satisfaction of drivers and prevent skepticism and misunderstandings. This importance depends on a fundamental transformation in all aspects of the excellence model of behavior.

The sense of security is one basic aspects of the concept of security, the adverse traffic behavior of motorcycle riders can be effective in reducing the sense of security of citizens in various ways. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of traffic behavior of motorcycle riders on citizens' sense of security.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, living in the 12th district of Tehran municipality, and the sampling method in this research was a multi-stage cluster sampling method appropriate to the size of the statistical population and the data collection tool, a researcher-made and standard questionnaire whose validity was Through face validity and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.789. For data analysis, path analysis method was used using SmartPLS software and regression using SPSS25 statistical software.

The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the traffic behavior of motorcyclists and the sense of security, so that84.9% of the changes in the variable of sense of security can be explained through the traffic behavior of motorcyclists. The results of multiple regression showed that the highest explanatory coefficient was the variable of intentional violations by motorcycle riders (0.814) and the least explanatory was the variable of citizens' age (0.019).

Descriptive and inferential statistics showed a significant relationship between the traffic behavior of motorcycle riders and the sense of security of citizens.

In the issue of disciplinary prevention of land grabbing crime, there is a need to design a management model to integrate the implementation of the approved and of course different instructions of the relevant organizations.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and mixed in terms of method. The community under study in the qualitative phase, informed experts with a theoretical saturation sample size of 11 people and a small part of land grabbing criminologists of the prevention police of each province. 32 people have been considered, which considering the total number, the sample size was not significant. In the qualitative section, the research tool was semi-structured interview, which was used for data analysis, thematic analysis and open and selective coding. In the quantitative section, Friedman test and SPSS software were used.

In this research, 4 dimensions include 1- Management dimension with 3 components of management and command, training and appointment, 2- Structural factors dimension with 2 components of organizational structure and organizational regulations, 3- Planning and planning dimension with 3 goal components Setting, policy making and statistics of crimes and 4-dimension of development and reform with 2 components of continuing the process and transformation and reform with a total of 22 indicators for the aforementioned 10 components were obtained.

In the prioritization, structural factors, planning and planning, development and reform and management have priority in the design of the management model for the disciplinary prevention of land grabbing crime.

one of the high-level needs of human beings is the need for respect and status. Achieving status and receiving respect from others has a significant impact on individuals' motivational and performance aspects, and from an organizational perspective, it is one of the dimensions of employee job satisfaction, prestige, or social prestige, and its weakness leads to a decrease in job satisfaction and other organizational problems. This study was conducted provide a model for promoting the social prestige of the police in the Islamic Republic of Iran. in this study grounded theory, was used to achieve research goals. 17 experts were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and the results were analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin's (2008) coding method. the results of the interviews also indicated 10 main categories, 109 subcategories, and 43 primary categories. The main categories included protecting the police, desirable media representation, enhancing efficiency in reducing crimes and ensuring security, motivation and employee welfare, equipment and modernization, professionalism, leadership in the social realm, social acceptability, job satisfaction, and elevated social prestige. The central concept derived from this study was professionalism. Finally, a schematic model for promoting the social prestige of the police in the Islamic Republic of Iran was obtained. The results of this study show that police social prestige is the result of the interaction of many components and variables, and it is not possible to achieve it in a vacuum or through a single-factor approach. This study showed that besides changing the culture and service delivery approach of the organization, attention should be paid to the mutual social interactions of the police and media representation. Ultimately, attention to the families of police personnel is another important issue that completes the puzzle.

At present, home burglary is one of the most common crimes that causes a lot of psychological damage to people whose house has been robbed and the correct use of criminalistics techniques for Gathering evidence of attribution and proving this crime is one of the most important concerns of police detectives. Therefore, this Research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors in criminalistics home burglary. The present Research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of data collection by descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the Research consisted of detectives of the Intelligence Police of Bushehr Province, of which 60 people were randomly selected as a sample. Data collection tool was a 30-item researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed under the supervision of professors and its reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.86. Inferential statistical methods such as one-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings of this Research show that internal and external factors have a positive effect on home burglary in Bushehr province. Research hypotheses were tested using one-sample t-test, both of which were confirmed and confirmed. The results of the research show that in order to increase the detection of home burglary, the police should take into account the effective factors inside and outside the organization, make the most of the detection opportunities in the best possible way and continuously and Purposefully pursue its claims against outside organizations to prosecute and detect home burglary.

The purpose of this research is to examine the views of the citizens of the 10th district of Tehran regarding the influence of social factors (education, media, family and friends) on public participation in improving traffic safety. In fact, the main goal of the current research is "to explain the social factors affecting public participation in improving traffic safety".

This research was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research consists of all the citizens of the 10th district of Tehran, on the basis of which 354 people were selected as the sample size of the research in the form of non-probability available (random) sampling. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire tool was used.

The research findings showed that there is no correlation between friends and public participation in improving traffic safety. But there is a direct and meaningful relationship between family, media and education with public participation in improving traffic safety.

The results of the multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only 9.5% of the dependent variable can be explained by using independent variables. And with 95% certainty, education has the greatest effect on public participation in improving traffic safety, the family factor has a lesser effect than education and the media factor has the least effect. Also, the factor of friends has no effect on public participation in improving traffic safety.

One crucial aspect of political development is social participation, particularly the involvement of women in politics. The objective of this research is to address the following fundamental question: What are the indicators and roles of identity-related actions in women's political engagement? The research is based on the hypothesis that women's participation in elections is significantly linked to the structural and identity frameworks of Iranian women. To investigate this, a mixed-method approach was utilized, and the findings were analyzed using regression analysis and step-by-step processes involving individual, identity, and structural v  ariables. The results reveal that women's political engagement has increased following the Islamic Revolution. Political participation during this period indicates a significant correlation between female identity frameworks and their involvement in politics. Out of the 14 variables examined, the most influential factors on political identity, and subsequently political engagement, were individual identity, gender identity, future orientation, and age.

Crime investigation is a major concern for both governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as judicial, security, and police systems in general. This necessitates the use of existing scientific potential as the primary tool for prevention and combating crime to reduce its occurrence as much as possible. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to design a strategic model for document forgery crime investigation with a police approach. This research employs a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) research design. The qualitative population includes informed experts on the subject, such as detectives, specialists, judges, professors, and experts (within and outside the organization). The sample size in the qualitative section was determined based on theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section, approximately 30 experts in document forgery from the Cyber Police and Tehran Greater Police Intelligence were estimated, and a complete enumeration was carried out. Semi-structured interviews were used for qualitative data collection, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection. Confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS version 21 and Lizerl software was employed for quantitative data analysis. According to the qualitative findings, four main dimensions (content, process, contextual, and functional) were categorized. In the quantitative section, using structural equation modeling, the results confirmed all the intended dimensions. In interpreting the research results, it should be noted that the content dimension in document forgery crime investigation is of special importance, and there is a perceived gap that, according to experts' opinions, laboratory equipment should be upgraded with technological advancements. Regarding the process dimension, there is a need for more coordination between the police and the judiciary; furthermore, utilizing a database with a focus on electronic governance is a turning point in combating document forgery in the contextual dimension. Finally, the functional aspect of document forgery crime investigation holds special importance.

considering the increasing presence of women in the stadium and participation of women in social gatherings such as chehlum , the formation of female police in naja 's elite units as a major strategy for timely , logical and consistent with the principles of profession in confrontation with specific threats in the field of women in naja . the present study sought to investigate the pathology of female police in the control missions of sport associations and the people of special services .

this research is qualitative and using qualitative content analysis technique , semi - structured interviews with semi - structured interviews with commanders , deputies and special police officers of kermanshah province who had experience in special unit missions and were purposefully selected and snowball were selected .

the presence of policewomen to control the sport associations of women and operations of the people is faced with actual and potential injuries in the previous stages , during and after the mission . ~~~ in order to eliminate and prevent it , the infrastructural measures such as recruitment and application of competent forces , special attention to the promotion of physical capability and martial arts , organizing appropriate settlements with the t - mission and providing appropriate and efficient facilities for proper implementation of mission.

Maintaining the economic security of the society requires the implementation of the appropriate economic ideas and perspectives of intellectuals. Paying attention to this importance caused the naming of different years by the Supreme Leader from 2009 to 2017 directly to the economy and then to 2023 to the production which is the basis of the economy. This article was developed with the aim of explaining the economic point of view of the Supreme Leader.
This applied research was conducted qualitatively with thematic analysis of documents. The studied documents are all economic statements of the Supreme Leader from 2008 onwards, which are indexed in the information base of the Supreme Leader's office. These statements were studied with related keywords. The sample size is at the limit of theoretical and thematic saturation. The validity of the research was checked and confirmed with the credibility criterion and its reliability with the reliability criterion.
After coding 188 statements of the Supreme Leader regarding the economy and removing duplicates, 124 basic themes were obtained, which were categorized into 21 organizing themes and finally 6 comprehensive themes.
Based on the themes obtained, the supreme leader's economic views have been presented in a pattern including 6 dimensions of consumption, prevention of extravagance, production, knowledge-based economy, resistive economics, and control and supervision (accurate financial transparency and discipline).