فریدون احمدی

This study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a model of dimensions and factors influencing the construct of electronic leadership in governmental organizations. In terms of purpose, the present research is applied; in terms of orientation, it is descriptive–exploratory; and in terms of research strategy, it is a mixed-methods (qualitative–quantitative sequential) design. In the qualitative phase, the phenomenological method was employed to examine and analyze the perspectives and experiences of experts in order to identify the dimensions and components shaping the electronic leadership model in governmental organizations and, based on that, to propose a conceptual model. In the quantitative phase, the developed model was tested and validated. The participants in the qualitative phase included academic experts and active managers in governmental organizations familiar with the subject of the study. For sampling, a non-probability purposive judgmental method was used, through which the researcher gained access to the opinions of 14 individuals. The statistical population in the quantitative phase consisted of executive experts (including unit managers and deputy general directors) and senior specialists at the central building of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. For sampling in this phase, a random sampling method was applied, and Morgan’s table was used to determine the sample size, which was set at 86 individuals. The data collection instrument in the qualitative phase was the semi-structured interview, while in the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. For data analysis in the qualitative section, the phenomenological method with three-stage coding (open, axial, and selective) was employed. In the quantitative section, after collecting the data through the questionnaire, the obtained information was coded and analyzed using SPSS and SMART PLS software at a significance level of 5%. The findings of the research indicated that the proposed model comprises six dimensions (main categories) and 32 components (subcategories), including: The dimension of communicational and interactional requirements, The dimension of the leader’s psychological requirements, The dimension of attention to employee alignment and synchronization requirements, The dimension of process-related requirements, The dimension of technical and professional requirements, and The dimension of guidance and strategic requirements. Furthermore, the quantitative findings obtained from testing the research model through structural equation modeling revealed that all paths between the variables were confirmed and, given the significance values obtained (p < .05), were statistically significant. In addition, the model was validated based on goodness-of-fit indices. For this purpose, indices such as the Normed Fit Index (NFI), SRMR, and RMS Theta were applied, and the results indicated an acceptable model fit.

Organizational jealousy may be overlooked in organizations, while this feeling is one of the negative consequences of social life and imposes heavy costs on the organization and society. The current research is to design and explain the comprehensive approach of organizational jealousy in Iran's government organizations - a case study of educational and therapeutic hospitals in Kermanshah province.

In this research, both qualitative and quantitative research approaches have been used according to the type of data and conditions. The statistical population in the qualitative part was all the experts in educational management and organizational behavior, of which 34 people and in the quantitative part 424 people were selected from doctors, nurses and administrative staff as a sample and by proportional stratified sampling method and only 423 people responded to the questionnaire prepared by the researcher. For data analysis in the qualitative stage of thematic analysis technique (theme) and in the quantitative stage of review by members, peer review, the research was guaranteed to be collaborative.

The research in the stage showed that the factors influencing organizational jealousy among employees based on the results of the interviews with people specializing in anti-citizen behaviors, organizational culture, personality traits, existence of distance between managers and employees, unfavorable organizational atmosphere, lack of attention to organizational learning capabilities, spiritual leadership are divided.

Anti-citizen behaviors, the existence of a distance between the manager and the employee, unfavorable organizational atmosphere, little attention to the learning capabilities of the organization, little attention to personality traits increase organizational envy, which can be improved by reflecting more on the negative factors affecting behavior. and relationships between employees and by reducing and adjusting these factors, and creating a favorable organizational atmosphere, and reducing the distance with employees and strengthening relationships with them Keywords: employees of educational hospitals, Kermanshah, human resources, management of organizational jealousy.

The aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was Investigating the relationship between human resource empowerment approaches and effectivenes of human resource empowerment process based on neuroscience analysis in Kurdistan government organizations. The research population comprised 2500 employees in Kurdistan government organizations out of whom a sample 355 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 5 factors and 17 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 355 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and F-Test used indicated that there is relationship between human resource empowerment approaches and effectivenes of human resource empowerment process based on neuroscience analysis in Kurdistan government organizations.

Today, law evasion is considered a social and managerial challenge that hinders societal development. Its primary consequences include diminishing public trust, endangering security and stability, and undermining democratic values and ethics. This research aimed to design a model of the factors influencing law evasion in government organizations of Gilan Province. This applied research is descriptive-survey in nature and follows a developmental mixed-methods approach. The qualitative sample consisted of 18 experts, university professors, managers from regulatory bodies, and judges from the Administrative Justice Court, selected through purposive non-probability sampling. The quantitative population comprised all employees of government organizations in Gilan Province, from which 382 participants were selected using Cochran’s formula and stratified random sampling. Data collection involved the Delphi panel for the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire for the quantitative phase. Data were analyzed using the Delphi technique (qualitative) and structural equation modeling (quantitative) via SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3 software. The findings identified six main factors—economic, political, cultural, structural, supervisory, and individual—as well as 15 variables influencing law evasion in government organizations. Based on this, a model was developed to understand the contributing factors. The qualitative results ranked the factors by influence on law evasion: economic, political, cultural, structural, supervisory, and individual. The quantitative results confirmed the model’s good fit. Additionally, the most influential pathways identified were from economic factors to structural factors, and from structural factors to supervisory ones.

The purpose of the present research is to design and explain the comprehensive approach of organizational jealousy in Iran's government organizations - a case study of educational and therapeutic hospitals in Kermanshah province.

The statistical population in the qualitative part was all the experts in educational management and organizational behavior, of which 34 people and in the quantitative part, 424 people were selected from doctors, nurses and administrative staff as a sample and by proportional stratified sampling method. and only 423 people responded to the questionnaire prepared by the researcher. For data analysis in the qualitative stage of thematic analysis technique (theme) and in the quantitative stage of review by members, peer review, the collaborative nature of the research was guaranteed. Also, in order to measure the reliability of the done codings, the methods of retesting and intra-subject agreement were used.

The findings of the research in the (qualitative) stage showed that the factors influencing organizational jealousy among employees based on the results of interviews with experts were divided into 72 concepts and 19 sub-themes and 7 main themes with the titles: anti-citizen behaviors, Organizational culture, personality traits, existence of distance between manager and employees, unfavorable organizational climate, lack of attention to organizational learning capabilities, spiritual leadership are divided.

anti-citizen behaviors, existence of distance between manager and employee, unfavorable organizational atmosphere, low attention to organizational learning capabilities, low attention to personality traits increase organizational envy and organizational culture and spiritual leadership decrease organizational

Despite the importance of human resources in organizational growth, development and growth; In many organizations, their constructive role is not paid attention to. In such organizations, employees remain silent in the face of problems and do not comment. Based on this, the researcher is trying to develop a pattern of factors that reduce organizational silence in government agencies.

This research has been done in both qualitative and quantitative ways. In the qualitative method, with the help of the interview tool and the use of the judgment method, it has been tried to identify the factors that reduce organizational silence in government organizations, and based on this, the research model is formed. Then, a quantitative method with the help of a questionnaire was used to test the model. Thus, the questionnaire designed based on Cochran's formula was distributed among 140 employees of 5 executive bodies of Ilam province. The data collected using statistical analysis software and its results are published as follows.

personal factors with three selection codes of personal variables, personal beliefs and personal motivation; Social factors with four selection codes of appropriate cultural background, progress, development of teamwork culture, non-judgement and organizational and management factors with six selection codes of appropriate structure, job components, organizational participation, managers' behavior, organizational justice and organizational voice culture, as Factors reducing organizational silence were identified.

After the analyzes done; Organizational and managerial factors were determined as the most important factors reducing organizational silence.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of deeply rooting the factors affecting lawlessness in Iran's government organizations. In terms of purpose, it is practical and developmental, and in terms of the approach of qualitative and exploratory research, it is in two qualitative parts.In the first part, with Delphi technique and using structured questionnaires, the main factors and variables of law evasion were identified, and in the second part, the factors obtained in the previous stage were deeply rooted with the help of five reasons tool from RCA technique and by conducting interviews.The socio-statistics of this research includes 18 experts, elites, university professors, managers of the supervisory departments of executive bodies and judges of the Administrative Court of Justice who were experts and familiar with the subject of the research, and in an improbable and purposeful way, they reached theoretical saturation in the 18th person. Based on the results of the Delphi technique, six main factors, including economic factors, political factors, personal factors, structural factors, regulatory factors and social factors, and 16 variables dependent on the factors were identified. And based on the results of the RCA method, three factors of conflict of interest, lack of salary increase in accordance with the inflation rate, and loopholes in the laws were identified as the roots of lawlessness in Iran's government organizations.

Today, accuracy in corporate procurement is especially important for public organization due to the numerous sensitivities and legal oversights that exist. Knowing these types of sensitivities, production units also try to create a positive position in the minds of this type of specific customers by recognizing the real needs of organizational buyers and their attitudinal and behavioral preferences. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility as an appropriate approach to corporate positioning on the behavior of organizational buyers in government organizations in Kurdistan province. To achieve this goal, 100 procurement experts of government organizations in Kurdistan province were selected as a statistical sample. The present study is a descriptive correlational study in terms of applied purpose and data collection method. Both library and field methods have been used to collect information. In the field method, data collection was done by a questionnaire and 100 questionnaires were analyzed. SPSS and Smartpls software were used to analyze the data. The results of this study show that corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on the behavior of organizational buyers in government organizations in Kurdistan province by influencing brand preferences and Perceived Brand Quality.

Corporate citizenship is one of the main topics in development country that citizen mention to these corporate as citizenship and attention to their acts and exceptions those react the like behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify the current passion of corporate citizenship in producing unit in country and factors impact on this situation to access action plan to develop corporate citizenship. In this study, corporate citizenship studied in for dimensions like legal corporate, economical corporate, ethical corporate and voluntary corporate. Also, factors impact on corporate citizenship explored based on three dimensions: behavioral, structural and content factors. In this study, 200 people from 50 companies into a file of food and petrol industry are selected as sample. The current study is applied and descriptive study and is used of questionnaire instrument for data collection. The validity of the instrument is done by expert replay and reliability by Cronbach Alfa. The results of this study are indicated that 70 percent of corporate haven’t a positive situation based on corporate citizenship and all behavioral, structural and content factors have a positive impact on corporate citizenship. Also, access to social responsibility, organic structure, hermetic oriented culture, medium size, good organizational capacity and positive insight of customer have the main impact of corporate citizenship.

CCorporate citizenship provides a situation in which companies, as civic citizens, feel a sense of duty to each other. Various studies have shown that corporate citizenship has many positive individual and organizational consequences for society and the country. Companies use the concept of corporate citizenship to strengthen social capital, which leads to public trust and consequently improves organizational performance. Accordingly, in the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of corporate citizenship on the social capital of production cooperatives operating in the two sectors of industry and agriculture in Kurdistan province. The present study is a descriptive - applied study. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of this research includes members of the board of directors of production cooperatives active in both industry and agriculture. So that 150 people from 50 production cooperatives were equally selected from the two mentioned sections in a simple random stratified manner as a statistical sample. The results show that the corporate citizenship of manufacturing cooperatives significantly affects their social capital. In this regard, the impact of voluntary citizenship on social capital is greater than other dimensions.

One of the main concerns of governments and economic policymakers is to create sustainable development in all areas and demographic areas of countries, to help eliminate the perceived injustice by the people. The development of cross-border businesses and investments in this field by creating sustainable employment can play a fundamental role in perceptual justice and a better life expectancy among the inhabitants of these low-income areas. Accordingly, the present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the current situation of dominant businesses and their pathology from kolbars’ point of view, counting important and advantageous border businesses as an approach to reduce the kolbari phenomenon in border areas. In order to achieve this goal, the district governors of Baneh and Marivan border areas, the experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade of the mentioned areas and 53 kolbars with at least 6 months of experience have been selected as a statistical sample. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and based on the method of data collection, it is a descriptive-analytical research that has been done with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that the cities and villages of the border areas of Kurdistan province each have special capacities and capabilities to create employment and investment. It is necessary to make better use of these capacities and infrastructure facilities provided by the government. In addition, the government must provide cheap facilities to encourage residents of border areas to work in cross-border businesses, which lead to make capacity to create productive employment for residents of border areas and kolbari phenomenon is also greatly reduced.

Nowadays, for environmental concerns and to ensure the health and safety of the consumers, it is necessary to use safe compounds in food production systems. However, for water shortage and arid environmental conditions it is necessary to decrease water use. In this study, the effect of foliar application of putrescine at 0 and 2 mM and nutrient solutions of 140, 180 and 220 ml /day on Sabrina strawberry fruit quality and yield under hydroponic conditions was investigated. The highest total soluble solids, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity was recorded 2 mM putrescine with 140 ml nutrient solution per day and the highest values for fruit overall quality yield were recorded in plants treated with 2 mM putrescine under 180 ml nutrient solution per day. However, the highest titratable acidity was obtained in the control fruit (220 ml/day). The results of this study indicate that putrescine application is effective in enhancing strawberry fruit quality and yield parameters under deficit fertigation conditions.