فضل الله رضایی اردانی

The purpose of this article is to explain the meaning and the form of the poem of the story of the city of Sangestan, the Third Brotherhood. At first, the analyzes of formalism were related to poetry and language, but the thought governing the text was neglected. This article, with descriptive and analytical method, answers the question, what is the meaning of the symbols of this poem? The success factor of this contemporary poem is the genius of emotion with the choice of "maygan" and its brilliant literary "form". By using political and mythological symbols, the Brotherhood has chosen a new way to express "Maygan". Linguistic and archaic elements are dominant, despairing over the improvement of Iran's situation in the 1330s. The Brotherhood's reaction to the defeat of the freedom fighters and the domination of the predatory and powerful colonialists has been well depicted in this system in the past.

Reading is one of the most important academic skills. Many researchers have considered the ultimate goal of reading to be comprehension and therefore believe that emotional factors have a great influence on it. It is necessary to examine the predictability of reading comprehension based on variables of reading motivation and attitude towards it. This research was conducted with the aim of predicting reading comprehension based on reading motivation and reading attitude among students in Yazd. The regression method was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this research includes all sixth grade male and female students in Yazd city in the academic year of 2022-2023, which is 11374 people according to the education statistics. In this research, the multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to determine the sample. Based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size included 375 students, which consisted of 193 girls and 182 boys. Students answered Pirls' (2011) reading comprehension questions, reading motivation (Wigfield & Guthrie, 1997) and reading attitude survey (McKenna & Kear, 1999). Multiple correlation methods of SPSS26 software were used for data analysis. The results show that efficient reading, intrinsic reading motivation and academic reading attitude significantly predict reading comprehension (p<0.05). While the external motivation of reading, social motivation of reading and recreational reading cannot significantly predict the reading comprehension (p<0.05).

The horizontal axis of Mansour Hallaj's life represents the passage of time, while the vertical axis illustrates the key events of his life. Hallaj's ideas are reflected in numerous works, including those of Fakhr al-Din Iraqi. This research demonstrated that Iraqi, through the coherence and strength of his words, captured the depth of Hallaj's mystical thought by intertwining these two axes in a convergent manner within his poetry. The influence of Hallaj's teachings on the Iraqi lexicon was profound, revealing two central themes of mystical discourse: "the unity of existence" and "the descent and ascent of secrets". These themes were expressed boldly and evocatively, embodying the dynamic relationship between the lover and the beloved.

In most of the researches conducted on the Masnavi, the features of Maulavi's language style have been less criticized and analyzed grammatically. In this article, the use of various letters in the Masnavi has been investigated based on the coordinates of the Khorasani style from a linguistic point of view. The main question of the research is, what are the most important stylistic features of Rumi regarding the use of different letters in Masnavi? The method of collecting information in this article is based on library studies and the research is done in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings indicate that Masnavi-Manavi is a very rich work with extraordinary lexical diversity in terms of grammatical features; So, in this research, it is tried to analyze the style and structure of all types of letters in Masnavi. The result of the research shows that Maulvi has provided the language prominence with the unconventional uses of letters in different morphological and syntactic levels and as a result the double influence of Masnavi on the audience.

"Q" is a surah with the theme of resurrection. It is on the side of "Kov" and is related to "Caucasus". "Qaf" surrounds the earth and is responsible for the creation of mountains, and they consider it to be the place of angels and elves, gold, silver and musk, the sunset, the water of life and the abode of Simorgh. Zoroastrians considered it "Alborz" and the place of "Izd Mehr". The fame of mountains such as Jodi, Safa, Marwah, Tor Sina, Zita and Hara is due to their connection with the prophets. Ancient Iranians considered the mountain to be the link between man and God, and Alborz was the place to measure good deeds and knowledge. Compounds whose part is "Qaf" such as "Qaf of astonishment, knowledge, patience and..." Qaf means "stage" and some such as "Qaf of anger, glory, power, and..." are the attributes of God. From the similarity of Alborz and Qaf, the "highness" of the mountain, from the myth of Alborz, to the mythological stories of Qaf, and it is an Iranian idea, and the change of Alborz in Qaf with the acceptance of Islam by Iranians, some aspects of Islamic culture, from the body of Iranian culture. They were not removed, but joined to deeper layers. The influence of these two mountains on the cultivation of the prophets and its relationship with man and God made the authors to investigate the characteristics of these two mountains in a descriptive article.

 The polemical nature of the debate is an indirect education that always remains in the mind due to the special way of expression and the increase of arguments and metaphors.

 This research investigates the place of debate technique in Hamidi officials and its indirect training in life issues with descriptive-analytical and testimonial method.

 Judge Hamiduddin Balkhi consciously used this method to express moral, scientific, religious issues, etc. The debates of the Hamid officials are a reflection of the confrontation between two or more characters; Instead of describing the characters and the length of the speech, the author tries to introduce them to the audience with their words and actions.

 The author"s method in expressing the debate is about the fruitfulness, firmness and digestibility of words and the thinness of the meaning, and he uses a special precision in inventing the thought and its interpretation so that every phrase of the debate is related to each other in the frame of the verbal arrangement, and the grace and appropriateness of the words The speech moves towards the relevance of life issues and takes a step in the direction of educating the audience.

The essay lesson is one of the lessons that has a direct relationship with creativity; Students think about the subject by using words as well as making appropriate sentences and using their creativity; Therefore, the essay lesson in the curriculum is the same as the place of the performing arts among other arts. All the arts are expressed in the art of performance, and the essay, like this art, is a re-creation and a person's perception of the creation. The present research processes the causes and factors of lack of motivation among tenth grade students. The research plan is descriptive and practical research (action research), using the library and survey method, in order to solve the created problem and try to improve lack of motivation in the essay lesson. Considering the action research nature of the research, the experiences of colleagues, guidance and interviews with parents and students have been used for better performance. The findings of the research show that the most important causes of students' lack of motivation in Persian writing and essay lessons are lack of interest in the lesson, lack of extracurricular studies, students' lack of awareness of social issues around them, and in this regard, specialized and general solutions have been presented

Nasser Khosrow"s travelogue, in addition to its linguistic and literary effects, is important from the point of view of "monograph". A monograph is a special method of active and passive research that belongs to the deepest group of longitudinal and multi-discipline studies such as: literature, history, geography, architecture, economy, social, anthropology, sociology, belief, etc. Today, this form of research is a suitable tool for transmitting various information to the audience in literary and scientific researches.

In this article, carefully in Nasser Khosrow"s travelogue using the method of analysis, analysis and description, this hypothesis is proven that this literary work is a rare example in the field of Persian literature and monograph of modern Persian literature.

Naserakhsaro creates a new transformation in travelogue writing with the most monographic features in recording and writing his objective observations. Having a deep attitude in travel and travelogue writing and achieving the characteristics of a monograph and using the achievements of science, he compiles information on the two axes of social and historical issues.

Nasser Khosro, with his travelogue monograph, is in the field of Persian literature, and is in constant influence. In order to write a monograph, he carefully interpreted a holistic view in the context of the complete fabric of society and interrelated the data like an organized building, and this has added to the importance of the travelogue.

The present research examines the characters of the novel The Last Lady's Game written by Belqis Soleimani (born in 1342) in the framework of Dr. William Benham's personality theory based on the connection between typology and the seven planets. Ben also tried to present a complete and clear picture of the individual by linking the personality and the seven planets; Because personality is a fundamental and important topic in psychology that leads to judgment about the main nature of a person. The author of the novel, in characterization with the attitude to the people of the society and real characters, creates prototypes with the help of his imagination in order to show their nature. Character and characterization are the most important elements of a novel. The present research tries to answer the main question using the descriptive-analytical method, according to Ben Ham's theory of personality, which character is more similar to the mentioned theory? According to the findings of the research, Kiwani's personality type is closer to the lady's personality, which indicates the sadness, fatigue and bitterness of her life.

This research investigates the use of defamiliarization tools in Mohtasham Kashani's twelve stanzas using a descriptive-analytical method and analysis of findings based on formalist literary criticism. In the morphology of this elegy, linguistic and literary works of art join the chain of emotions and arouse the emotions of the audience along with spiritual ups and downs. Knowing the literary situation, intellectual independence and freedom of reflection, selection of combinations, and variety of themes, Mohtasham draws the artistic effects of words, which strengthens the inner and spiritual background of the poem (emotion). The emotional flow of the poem moves from the personal axis to the social axis and takes the word beyond the cut of a certain time and place, which causes the geographical boundary of the word to be broken and the unity of the stanzas to return to the same circular horizon of Ashura. Besides the theme, Mohtasham's poetry is influenced by the entanglement of emotion and imagination with images and literary works, the natural inspiration of the weight of the poem from the subject’s soul (Karbala incident), the precision in praising the words and refining the meanings (completing and improving the meanings). The most frequent artistic images in this elegy are metaphors, followed by similes. The elements used to make metaphorical images are natural elements and their manifestations, and human elements in metaphors are placed after natural elements in terms of frequency. 

The dialogue element is effective as a lever in explaining the content and content of the speech and is a platform for creating realities and highlighting the characters of the work. This research examines this element in the Ashurai dirge (controversy between the two holy shrines of Makkah and Karbala) by Gholamreza Moghar with a descriptive-analytical and testimonial method. The words, combinations and tone of the words during the speeches of the two shrines depict the incidents and events of the two lands in the horizontal axis of the word, but the words of the shrine of Karbala emphasize the nature and perspective of the Ashura incident by introducing the characters. The semantic nature of the theme and the content of the poem with the help of debate or two-way dialogue as the basic element and help of innovative crafts, moves the systematic framework of speech in the vertical axis towards a specific goal (Knowledge of the philosophy of Ashura) and the three main agents of the dialogue (the speaker, audience and message), are directed in a circular radius towards the horizon of Ashura philosophy. By using this element correctly, the poet puts the burden of creating and paying attention to the content of the events on the shoulders of this tool so that it can be removed from the text and made available to the reader. Finally, the rhetoric of the dialogue between the two shrines, by enhancing the linguistic and structural side of the poem as required by the prevailing context, takes a step towards crystallizing the hidden layers of the Karbala incident

Writing motivation relies on students' written output. The aim of this study was to validate the writing motivation questionnaire (SWAS) among first grade high school students. The method of this research is descriptive and of experimental type and its approach is applied. The study population was all first-grade high school students in Yazd in the academic year 2009-2010. The research sample consisted of 460 junior high school students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The research instrument was the writing motivation questionnaire (SWAS) by Wright, Hodgson and McTighe (2019). Mean, standard deviation and conventional testing methods (validity determination, factor analysis and reliability) were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study show that the writing motivation questionnaire has 5 components as well as a total score of 30 items; it also has good validity, reliability, and fitness in terms of psychometrics. The confirmatory factor structure also confirmed the proposed five-factor model of the questionnaire. In other words, the writing motivation questionnaire has the necessary validity to measure the writing motivation of adolescents in junior high school. In addition, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales of this test is 0.650 to 0.863, which indicates its good reliability. Therefore, it seems that the mentioned questionnaire, due to the strength of the factor structure and appropriate psychometric properties, can be used by other researchers to evaluate teaching, therefore its use is recommended.

Alevi concepts in poetic words cover another garment in such a way that poetry is mixed with Sharia and Alevi love is achieved with more knowledge. Therefore, in this research, with the descriptive-analytical and testimonial method, the study of Alevi doctrines and rituals in Jihun-Yazdi ritual mourning is discussed. The findings of the research indicate that Alavi Manqbat in Jihoun's poetry has a special style, so that the words are formed in the framework of a specific thought and thinking to turn away from the world, to move towards the truth and to move towards perfection. In fact, Jihoon uses the two wings of "Fear and Raja" to deal with the Alevi Manqbat, and in this way, he considers Iman as a child of the marriage of these two wings, and considers the truth of his thought to be the grace of Ahl al-Bayt's character. The materials of the poet's words with the Alavi perspective take a step towards the happiness of man and in this way they reach the highest limit of using material and spiritual gifts, but in the meantime, the essence of the Sharia is beautifully revealed in the words of the poet, and the Sharia is a means or a shell for tariqa and reaching It turns into the truth of the Alevi school. In this way, the poet first implements Alavi's face in the form of a "design" in the poem and then draws the audience to Alavi's virtues so that the words of the poem inform us of the existence of Ahl al-Bayt and Alavi's personality appears in the horizon of words. It establishes a direct relationship with the reader so that the audience can find their way to the life of Ahl al-Bayt. The frequency of names of Imam Hussain (AS) is 0.39, Qamar Bani Hashem 0.15, Hazrat Zainab 0.14, Ali Asghar 0.7, Ali Akbar 0.6 and other Ahlul Bayt and martyrs 0.19.

The present study aimed to know the factors, complications, and controllability of masturbation addiction in twelfth-grade students. the present research is single-case experimental research. The participants of this study are all male students. According to their own words, are addicted to masturbation and have shared it with their teacher. One person who was in the severe category was selected intentionally by considering the entry and exit criteria of the study. Finally, the person's lived experience in the stages of baseline, treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up, respectively through a semi-structured interview. It was determined in four axes that 1. The frequency of masturbation was five times a week since three months ago, and the most important reasons; Loneliness, lack of physical activity, and watching movies were mentioned 2. The consequences of starting this behavior include a drop in academic grades, avoidance of responsibility at home and isolation at school, and a drop in cheerfulness. In the last 2 axes, after two months of implementation of therapeutic techniques, the frequency of this procedure decreased to one-fifth compared to the baseline. The drop in his grades was temporary, He became more social in school and more responsible at home, and his cheerfulness increased. Controlling this problem is not only possible but also promotes health growth in social, academic, personal, and family fields.

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of academic motivation training with an Islamic approach on motivational beliefs and learning strategies among sixth grade male students. Sixty students from  grade six of one of the elementary schools were selected through convenient sampling, and after random assignment of the samples, they were replaced in two groups of 30 people. All the subjects in the groups responded to a self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich & de Groot, 1990) before and after the intervention for the experimental group while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the control group and experimental group on the pretest and post-test learning strategies and motivational beliefs with pre-test control at the 0.05 level. However, the results of data analysis related to the effect of academic motivation training with an Islamic approach on learning strategies, showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test with the pre-test control. But in relation to the effect of educational motivation training with Islamic approach on motivational beliefs, it shows that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test of motivational beliefs with the pre-test control. Therefore, the hypothesis of the effect of academic motivation training with an Islamic approach on motivational beliefs was confirmed as the training caused the anxiety of the experimental group students to decrease significantly compared to the control group, which ultimately increased motivational beliefs such as "self-efficacy, goal orientation, internal valuation and test anxiety" .

Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, being placed in a new cultural environment, requires intercultural adaptation. In such a situation, for the better performance of language learners and their understanding of intercultural issues, attention to the issue of cultural intelligence and its optimal use is considered a necessity. The current research seeks to examine the effect of these two concepts on the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian by looking at the two concepts of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility. To achieve this goal, the theoretical topics presented in this field and a number of researches conducted from domestic and foreign sources were examined. The results obtained from the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between some components of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility, and there is a negative relationship between some components and intercultural compatibility. Also, in a situation where cultural intelligence is used optimally, it has a positive effect on intercultural adaptation and the performance of language learners in learning Persian language.

In this study, the concept of resistance in the Ashurai poems of Yazd is investigated using descriptive-analytical and testimonial methods with the aim of interpreting the content of the Ashurai poems in the context of epics and mysticism. In the Ashurai poems of Yazd, the aesthetic and artistic aspects are so intertwined with the content of the poems and the beliefs of the composers that it is considered a turning point in the expansion of the expression of the concepts of resistance and the spread of this type of message. The ritual poet of Yazd clearly states the thoughts and concepts that exist in the culture and school of martyrdom by mixing both the Persian literary language and the common language of the people and also using local literature. The achievement of this process has caused that beyond the thematic commonalities of Ashura poems, the concept of resistance in the two axes of epic and mysticism have become the adornment of these types of poems and a new chapter in the fabric of this category of poems has emerged by using these two elements. Thus, the Ashurai poems teach mankind different values and anthropological lessons using an aura of epic and mysticism through the window of emotions and sorrow. It is obvious that the connection of Ashura's emotion, mysticism, and epic with resistance thoughts has led to the enrichment and elevation of ritual poetry, the explanation of Ashura's philosophy, the literature of the front and war, and the expansion of Persian poetry.

In the present study, with the aim of investigating the personality of Ashurai poems, the character traits in this type of poetry have been investigated using a descriptive-analytical method. The ritual poet describes the character of this incident with the help of components such as praise of great men, the revival of Ashura culture, and identification. The behavior and morals of the characters are based on Ashurai poems and they perform appropriate actions in different situations, as they have a convincing reason for any change in their behavior and show a logical reaction when dealing with incidents. In this type of poem, the characters of the story are not created by the poet, but what is depicted is considered in the fictional world of the poem and the outside world of the poem and in the context of the events. The expression of Ashurai characters, sometimes with interpretation and sometimes without interpretation, makes the reader familiar with the nature of the character. This is where the reflection of the inner characteristics of the Ashurai character draws the fluid flow of the mind to Ashura culture.

Simorgh in Iranian mythology is a bird related to the sky and the sun, which shows the special importance of the sky and the sun in the thought and life of Iranians, and therefore sometimes takes on a divine image. Due to the importance of the role of the sun and sky in human life and their beliefs, in other civilizations, other birds such as phoenix, eagle and heron, play a special role of Simorgh in myths. In this article, a comparative study of the role of some birds in the mythology of civilizations such as Iran, Greece, China, Egypt, USA and some famous civilizations, in order to identify their commonalities, has been done. The most important common feature of Simorgh and similar birds is the revitalization and connection of earth and sky or material world with the Alawite world, and people of different lands take refuge in them to overcome problems when faced with problems.

Kaleem Kashani is one of the famous lyric poets of the 11th century AH, whose lyricism shows signs of mysticism and Sufism. Mystical teachings in his sonnets express true or heavenly love. In this article, mystical subjects in a hundred lyric poems of Kaleem Kashani, known as the creator of second meanings, have been studied randomly in order to depict the prominent manifestations of love and its perfection. In addition, in literary and mystical researches, Kaleem Introduce the title of mystic poet and finally point out that his lyrical lyric poems are a place to express high mystical meanings. The lyric poems of this creative poet have a mystical structure and he tries to find the precious gem of true love by designing mystical mechanisms. On this occasion, manifestations of mystical teachings have been included in his lyric poems. This article, by analyzing and describing mystical findings, intends to first analyze the mystical tendencies of Kaleem and examine and analyze them by mentioning examples of those examples. Examining the mystical teachings in the lyric poems of this poet, it is worthwhile to consider Kaleem as one of the mystics.

The emergence of the corona virus was initially considered a health issue, but at one time pervaded all economic, social, political and cultural spheres of the world. In the meantime, one of the areas that underwent a great deal of change was the change in the structure of students' education. Meanwhile, the rule of new technologies virtually changed attitudes and insights, especially in the Iranian-Islamic identity. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the role of new technologies The role of new technologies in educating and training students in corona (with emphasis on Iranian-Islamic identity). This article has been done by descriptive-analytical method and using library-documentary sources. The results of the research indicate that; If new technologies are rationally and principled in the direction of educating and training students, not only can it create dynamic, efficient and specialized human resources in the shortest time, but also; It can enrich the Iranian-Islamic identity in the national and international arena. Therefore, the use of new technologies should be in a way that, while properly educating students, can help develop the original Iranian-Islamic identity.