فضه رحیمی

Identity is one of the concepts that has a wide range of meaning in human sciences and is studied by researchers in most different branches of human sciences including psychology, sociology and philosophy. The importance of this issue is that it is impossible to find a person or an object that lacks identity. Based on this, the current article is the results of the studies conducted with the theoretical framerelic of social identity, the branch of social sciences in international documents related to the preservation and restoration of historical-cultural monuments. For this purpose, the research method of content analysis was chosen to be able to analyze a large number of related documents. The documents under review are 28 international documents related to the years 1969 to 2023. In order to conceptualize identity and its relationship with the protection and restoration of historical-cultural relics, international documents in the field of cultural heritage were analyzed. The documents were coded and categorized, this helps to extract and analyze issues related to the concept of identity faster and more accurately. The results of the content analysis carried out in these documents are in the two main branches of identity definition and the relationship between identity and protection. This issue helps to define the identity of a historical-cultural relic and use it as a tool to determine the policy of protection and restoration of historical works. used culturally. The results of the studies in this research state that there is a two-way relationship between preservation and restoration and the identity characteristics of the work. Each one affects the other, so by studying the identity characteristics of the work and its definition, it can be used as a tool to determine the policy of protection and restoration of historical-cultural works.

Identity is one of the concepts with a broad range of meaning within the humanities. Its importance lies in the fact that it is impossible to find an individual, person, or object that has no identity. For this reason, it has been a subject of study across most of the different branches of humanities. It is also important in the field of cultural heritage, which is directly linked to the cultural identity of communities, and for this reason many documents have been prepared in this regard. Due to the importance of the issue, this article conducts a content analysis of international documents related to cultural heritage. For this purpose, the concept of identity was selected from several international documents related to cultural heritage. Based on the content analysis, the concept of identity in these documents can be examined under two main categories: the definition of identity and the domains of identity. Each of these categories has subcategories, that are classified in this article under the title of category and subcategory. However, how each of these categories and subcategories is prioritized within these documents, along with recommendations for improving the handling of the issue of identity in future documents, is addressed in this article. The importance of using the hierarchical analysis of subcategories in these documents is that, in addition to being effective in decision-making, it will also be helpful in compiling newer documents about identity. After identifying the categories and subcategories related to the concept of identity, they were prioritized. This means that after analyzing the content of the documents, their rank analysis was conducted, to determine the ranking of each category.

Biological contamination of paper artifacts is a significant threat, causing not only damage to the paper itself but also posing health risks to conservators and restorers who are in close contact with them. Therefore, identifying the type of contamination is crucial for effective preservation and restoration. This article focuses on identifying biological contamination in a collection of paper artifacts from the Imamzadeh Mohammad in Tafresh, Iran. Preliminary examinations revealed evidence of biological contamination, including stains resulting from biological activity. These stains are a consequence of biodeterioration, leading to a reduction in the structural and artistic quality of the artifacts. To investigate the biological contamination, samples were taken from areas suspected of contamination and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (for fungal contamination) and nutrient agar (for bacterial contamination). After incubation, the grown colonies were examined and identified. The results of the identification of isolated fungal and bacterial showed contamination with various fungi, including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and yeasts, as well as bacteria belonging to the Actinomycetes and Bacillus genus.

Many literatures have been published about decorative motif and the colors used in these motifs in manuscripts. These studies can be suitable sources for more information about such decorations; still more accurate studies are necessary in the field of identifying the applied pigments in order to have a better understanding of historical objects. The applications of gold in decorative motif of manuscripts is what this study has focused on, in some similar dated works. Many specialists have reported the golden color as gold in catalogs and property IDs and with regard to this point that using gold in historical works and objects of Islamic period was restricted, this question arises whether gold was restricted to be used in Quran manuscripts; or if other materials were used instead. This research aims to study golden color used in Quran manuscripts of Qajar era in order to determine what material has been used in such valuable works.Five samples of golden parts were taken from five gilded and inlayed manuscripts recorded in the List of National Works. These works are being kept in National Museum of Quran. To achieve our purpose we have used Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We discovered that gold was used as pigment in golden decorations of our case studies.