فهیمه دهقان دولتی

The nursing profession seeks to provide evidence-based and competent care, especially based on humane and ethical principles. Providing ethical care requires an appropriate level of ethical reasoning.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive fatigue based on ego depletion on the moral judgment of nursing students.

The study design was semi-experimental with two intervention and control groups before and after the test. The statistical population of this research included all female nursing students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2019. 44 female nurses were selected as a sample and divided into two control groups (22 people) and intervention group (22 people). The measuring instrument was Viarah's moral judgment questionnaire (2014). Sedak and Kafta (1990) were presented with solvable (easy/controllable) diagnostic cognitive problems to the control group and unsolvable problems (hard/uncontrollable) to the experimental group. After answering the homework and math problems, the moral judgment post-test was performed on two groups. SPSS 23 software and covariance analysis test were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the treatment of cognitive fatigue based on the ego depletion approach had an effect on the moral judgment of nursing students. The mean (standard deviation) of the experimental group changed from 125.82 (9.019) in the pre-test phase to 152.05 (12.44) (P<0.001). The value of this effect was 0.42 based on eta square.

The results indicated that the treatment of cognitive fatigue based on the ego depletion approach increased the moral judgment of nurses. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use the cognitive fatigue treatment based on the ego depletion approach to reduce the psychological problems of nurses.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching the basics of choice theory on enthusiasm for school and psychological toughness of elementary school boys.

The purpose of this research was applied, and in terms of the method of implementation, it was a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all primary school boys in Kerman in the academic year 2022, who were selected as available. The selected sample was randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and control group (15 people). The research tools included teaching the basics of classroom selection theory (2015), Viga School Enthusiasm Questionnaire (2016) and Kubasa's stubbornness questionnaire (1979). The intervention sessions of training the basics of selection theory (during 2 and a half months and 10 sessions) were implemented for the experimental group, and no training was provided to the control group during this period. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis with SPSS-24 software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that after teaching the basics of selection theory, the enthusiasm for school and the psychological toughness of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 01). The results of the covariance analysis also showed that teaching the basics of choice theory had an effect of 0.47 on enthusiasm for school and 0.53 on psychological toughness.

Considering the effect of the choice theory on enthusiasm for school and psychological toughness, educational planners should include skill courses in the curriculum of the elementary school in order to improve life skills in addition to course topics.