قوامی

Ghee, a nutritional dairy product in Iranian culture, can be easily produced on a small scale. This study was undertaken to analyze fatty acids and volatile compounds of collected ghee samples from different ghee production sites of Iran (Ilam, Kermanshah and Hamedan) using HeadSpace Solid Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) technique. According to the results, palmitic and oleic acids were the dominant fatty acids in all the samples investigated. Further, it might be concluded that compounds such as dodecane, acetone, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-undecanone, which are present and might have accumulated as the results of oxidative, hydrolytic, or microbial activities, contribute to the flavor of ghee. Lactones, which are produced at high temperatures, were not collected in any sample except the Hamedan sample (< 1%). Low thermal processing in the ghee production prevented the formation of off-flavor volatile compounds. The qualitative and quantitative parameters determined in this study might be useful in assessing the quality of the ghee and may help the industry to improve its commercial production.

With the increasing complexity and emerging challenges in the competitive environment, organizations are facing more difficulties to survive. The recent global financial crisis folloed by the worst economic recession since the Second World War that forced even giant organization like Chrysler and General Motors to leave the market, suggests that firms’ survival remains the primary concern of top managers throughout the world. The study is mainly concerned with the formulating and prioritizing of strategies of a regional power generator manufacturing firm that is thought to have significance impact on its performance. Data for our survey research was collected from a population consisting of firm’s top and middle managers, as well as its customers and suppliers using a designed questionnaire and semi-structured interview.Data analysis using appropriate statistics resulted in fifteen grand strategies in line with the firm’s goals and vision. Suggested strategies were also nanlyzed utilizing TOPSIS Model to provide the firm with information on the priorities of the strategies. Detailed report of the existing situation and proposed strategies were provided to assist top management in their decision making in dealing with the increasing environmental uncertainty.