لیلا رضایی

The first-person narrator should be considered a "narrator-character" who is simultaneously a narrator and an experiencing character. From a semiotic-semantic point of view, the first-person narrator is a 'becoming" subject narrating his/her own experience from the surrounding world. The identity of the first-person narrative depends on this binary function; however, sometimes it takes effort to balance them since occasionally the first-person narrator only acts as a narrator (like a third-person narrator). Reviewing the background of the narratologists' theories, such as Stanzel (1984) and Fludernik (2002), shows that despite recognising these binary functions, the existing challenges and the ways to keep the balance have yet to be studied so far. The present study aims to develop the discussion of binary functions of the first-person narrator in a descriptive-analytical way by using the semiotics-semantics approach regarding "becoming" discourse to investigate the causes and the solutions regarding these binary functions. The statistical population of this research consists of nine novels: "The Blind Owl", "The School Principal", "The Year of Riot", "The Neighbors", "The Story of a City", "The Scorched Earth", "The Dog and the Long Winter", "I Turn Off the Lights" and "my bird". The result shows that in the "description" and "dialogue of characters", the role of experience is a severe challenge. In addition, the involvement of the narrator's mind in the narrative through referring to his/her feelings, thinking, judgment, interpretation, or speculation, along with methods such as "association" and "stream of consciousness", can be effective strategies to balance the binary functions.

Spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties is important for soil-water balance and irrigation management in paddy fields. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the factors affecting it. Soil samples from 120 profiles were collected using random stratified sampling scheme. Soil samples were taken from top soil, compacted plow pan, and non-saturated subsoil. In these samples, soil texture, organic carbon, bulk density, saturated moisture, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured (by the falling head method). The most heterogeneity with a maximum coefficient of variation (CV), positive skewness, and lognormal frequency distribution for Ks indicated preferential flow caused by the presence of biological pores and cracks from previous drought stress. The results of the geostatistical analysis showed that hydraulic conductivity followed spherical and exponent semi-variogram model in puddled top soil and the non-saturated subsoil, respectively. This variable followed linear semi-variogram model with low slope in plow pan. The CV of Ks in plow pan (299%) was 121% and 284% higher than, respectively, the upper and the lower layers. The closeness of the behavior of Ks to random variables in this layer was mainly due to the existence of biological pores and root channels and the movement of animals, which lead to preferential flow. Despite the weak and moderate spatial structure of the variables, the kriging interpolation method was more accurate for Ks compared to inverse distance weighting. The spatial distribution pattern of Ks in puddled top layer was inversely related to clay content. Despite the high clay content in the west half of the study area, the Ks values in this region were high due to the presence of biopores. These results indicate that the compacted plow pan cannot play its key role for reducing hydraulic conductivity and retaining water in the soil. The magnitude and spatial variability of soil hydraulic conductivity and the factors affecting it depend on the site-specific irrigation management.

The poor degradability of antibiotics in conventional wastewater treatment processes has recently encouraged researchers to use advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate (PS) activation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to remove ceftriaxone through the activation of persulfate with zero valence zinc/ultrasonic waves (Zn0/US).

In this laboratory study, the sample containing the antibiotic ceftriaxone was subjected to persulfate activation through an ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 40 kHz. Optimization of operational parameters such as initial pH, catalyst dose, initial ceftriaxone concentration, reaction time and persulfate concentration was done through response surface methodology (RSM). In optimal conditions, synergistic effect, changes in wavelength scanning, mineralization rate and radical scavenger effect were studied. Finally, ceftriaxone concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured through diagnostic devices.

Based on RSM analysis of variance, the maximum removal of antibiotic (94.54%), COD (66%) and TOC (54%) in laboratory conditions including pH equal to 3, 0.75 mg/L persulfate and catalyst concentration, 15 mg/L ceftriaxone and 45 minutes of reaction time were obtained. The presence of tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol as scavengers of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals decreased the efficiency rate of the process to 79% and 45% in the reaction time of 45 minutes and emphasized that the active species participate in ceftriaxone degradation.

Based on the results, the process of Zn0/US/PS can be considered as a pretreatment process for the effective removal of ceftriaxone from water environments.

The present study aimed to assess and compare semantic processing of spoken words in adolescents with cerebral palsy and healthy adolescents. For this purpose, 30 adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 10 to 15 years were selected by convenience sampling method, all of whom were spastic. Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) network was used to classify adolescents with cerebral palsy. For the control group, 30 healthy adolescents were selected according to gender, age and education of adolescents with cerebral palsy. To assess the subjects, spoken word-picture matching test (47) was used. The results showed that adolescents with cerebral palsy had significantly weaker spoken word skill than healthy adolescents. Furthermore, the developing spoken words pattern in adolescents with cerebral palsy is delayed compared to healthy adolescents. In addition, data analysis revealed that adolescents with cerebral palsy have vocabulary network and perceptual impairment in spoken word processing. However, their perceptual impairment is far greater.

Aggregates form the structural skeleton of the asphalt mixture. Thus, the physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of the stone play significant role on the performance of the asphalt. By identifying the geological characteristics of the aggregates, vital information could be obtained about the behavior of asphalt during utilization. In this research, 13 carbonate mountain mines with diverse geological formations located in Ardabil, Isfahan, Tehran, Zanjan, Semnan, Qom and Hamadan provinces were sampled. The geological characteristics of the rocks in each mine, including the type of texture, the minerals and its constituent elements, were identified and the influence of the determined geological characteristics on the experiments results of Asphalt samples were investigated and evaluated. These experiments include boiling water, indirect tension, marshall strength ratio of asphalt, as well as bitumen absorption of the aggregates. The results of the investigations show that the type of microscopic texture of carbonate rocks is influential in reducing or increasing bitumen absorption. In addition, the presence of evaporative minerals, even in small amounts, increases the moisture sensitivity of asphalt.

The present study aimed to assess and compare semantic processing of spoken and written words in adolescents with cerebral palsy and healthy adolescents.

The present study is quantitative in terms of type and experimental in terms of method. Examination Group consisted 30 adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 10 to 15 years were selected by convenience sampling method. All of them were spastic. For control group, 30 healthy adolescents were selected according to gender, age and education of adolescents with cerebral palsy. To assess the subjects’ vocabulary abilities, spoken and written word-picture matching tests (47) and (48) were used.

The results showed that adolescents with cerebral palsy’ abilities in semantic processing of spoken and written words are significantly weaker than healthy adolescents. Furthermore, the developing spoken and written word patterns in adolescents with cerebral palsy delayed compared to healthy adolescents.

Data analysis revealed that vocabulary network and perceptual impairment are the cause of weak semantic processing of spoken and written words in adolescents with cerebral palsy. However, their perceptual impairment is far greater.

The current research aim is to trace the relation between probity of the paying unexpected audit fees and companies' financial reporting quality. For this purpose, the data of the 121 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected by the systematic elimination pattern was gathered along a time period of 2016 to 2021 and The research hypotheses were tested by using the multi-linear regression model on base of pooling data. Choi & et al. (2010) developed model is employed to assess unexpected audit fees and was gained of Barth & et al. (2001) for evaluation of financial reporting quality. The findings indicate there is a negative and meaningful relation between payment of unexpected audit fees and unsuitable financial reporting quality. upon to theoretical base of the research while the companies don't have suitable financial reporting quality they may try by more paying to the applied auditors to get their consent and issuing less adjusted auditor report. And this finding is in accordance with past finding of Lobo and Zoe (2013) which showed conditionally increment of the audit fee lead to decreasing the probity of the annual reports adjustment.Contribution: The present study's findings provide some invaluable concepts for Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants and other related bode about necessity of more effort to regularity of the auditors' attestation services pricing process.

Lack of awareness of changes in soil content of nutrient elements in different farms and applying the same fertilizer recommendations cause some soils to receive more, and some less, than the required fertilizer. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial changes and status of macro elements including N, P and K and some important soil properties such as OC, EC, and pH in some paddy fields of Gilan Province. To this end, in 2018, before preparing the land for cultivation, composite soil sampling was performed from 0 to 30 cm depth of paddy fields in Masal, Rudbar, Meqdad (Khoshkbijar, Lashtnashah, Khomam) and Siahkal areas, with spacings of at least 500 m. Using the results of soil analysis, status of the desired characteristics was evaluated based on descriptive statistics. Then, excess and deficiency of nutrients in paddy lands were determined. Data analysis showed that  available phosphorus was one of the major limitations in the study areas, such that more than 80% of the sampled soils in Siahkal, 72% in Rudbar, 65% in Masal, and 54% in Meqdad were deficient in P. Potassium had better conditions than P, such that 51.3% of the soils in Siahkal area, 31% in Rudbar, 66% in Masal, and 26%in Migdad had available K lower than the critical level. Also, 19.4% of soils in Meqdad region,  36.6% in Siahkal, 48.4% in Masal, and 100% in Rudbar had total N lower than the critical level (0.2 %). Examination of the condition of paddy soils at the sampling points showed that the spatial distribution of nutrients was not the same. The findings of this study showed that using the same fertilizer recommendation is not suitable for different paddy lands; and distribution of fertilizer in different areas of the province should be done according to the soil analysis of each region.

Horner's syndrome is a rare disease with three clinical signs of ptosis, miosis and unilateral anhydrosis of the face and neck. In this syndrome, Hodgkin's lymphoma should be considered as one of the first life-threatening symptoms. Horner's syndrome, or oculosympathetic paralysis, is a rare disease first reported by Mr. Horner (1883-1886) with three clinical signs including unilateral ptosis, miosis, and Unilateral and unilateral anhidrosis of the face and neck were described, all due to involvement of the oculosympathetic pathway (1). Horner syndrome results from an interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway. This condition does not usually cause vision problems or other significant symptoms, but is important as a warning sign that the oculosympathetic pathway has been interrupted, potentially with serious and even life-threatening processes. The oculosympathetic pathway has a long and circuitous course, beginning in the brain and traveling down the spinal cord to exit in the chest, then up the neck and into the orbit. The sympathetic nervous supply is responsible for the dilation of the pupil (mydriasis). When disrupted, parasympathetic supply is uninhibited, and constriction of the pupil (miosis) ensues. The reaction of the pupils to light and accommodation is normal as those systems do not depend on sympathetic nerve supply. Therefore, this syndrome with unimpressive clinical findings and insignificant symptoms may be a sign of serious pathology in the head, chest, or neck. Patients with Horner syndrome present with a slightly droopy upper lid and a smaller pupil on the affected side; less commonly, there is a deficiency of sweating over the brow or face on the affected side (2). Horner syndrome is almost always diagnosed clinically, though pharmacological testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging modalities such as PET, CT and MRI are important components of work‐up for patients presenting with acquired Horner syndrome (3). Factors that cause this disease include trauma, brain tumors, migraines, cluster headaches, hyperthyroidism, and lung cancer(4). Because Horner syndrome sometimes occurs as the first sign of a life-threatening condition, a thorough post-diagnosis systemic examination is necessary to follow up on patients for signs and symptoms (5). This is a clonal malignancy (dependent on asexual reproduction) of the lymphatic system with different clinical manifestations that can be treated in the early and advanced stages (6). Horner's syndrome is an unusual initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease, and, in this case, it was due to oculosympathetic damage from mediastinal compression (7, 8). The aim of this study was to report and introduce a patient referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah with a diagnosis of Horner's syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The patient is a 30-year-old man with left ptosis about 50 days before seeing an ophthalmologist. The patient also complains of sweating on the right side of the body and lack of sweating on the left side of the upper torso and face. No previous history of specific illness or family history of the symptoms were reported. In ocular examinations, the corrected vision of both eyes is equal to 10/10, normal eye movements, mild ptosis in the range of 2 mm in the left eye, meiosis of the left eye and the development of Anisocoria (an ocular complication in which the pupil of one eye from Size differs from other pupils.) Was reported more clearly in low light. According to the mentioned symptoms, Horner syndrome was presented to the patient. A complete and appropriate examination is sufficient for the initial diagnosis of this syndrome, but in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the location of the injury, naphazoline drops were used. In this way, this drop was poured in both eyes of the patient and after a few minutes, the ptosis disappeared and the amount of anisocoria decreased. At present, after starting treatment, in addition to improving anisocoria, the amount of ptosis has decreased and the patient is satisfied with continuing treatment. On systemic examination, several large lymph nodes on the left side of the neck were touched in the area of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Ultrasound of this area also showed a lymphadenopathy measuring 15 x 25 mm deep in the SCM muscle in the subclavian space (Subclavian triangle) and a lymph node measuring 10 x 15 mm in the upper region of the supraclavicular space with involvement of the upper mediastinum. MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain and spinal cord was also reported to be normal. An X-ray of the chest showed umbilical cord lymphadenopathy. Finally, after biopsy of Hodgkin's lymph node, the diagnosis of cervical lymph node was made.

In the present report, after examining the patient, Horner syndrome was clinically confirmed and after Hodgkin's lymph node biopsy, the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma was made. Involvement was also seen in the SCM muscle area and the upper mediastinum. In line with the results of the present study in a study by Simon et al. Conducted in 1985 on a 22-year-old woman with Horner syndrome, a mass in the mediastinum was observed on a patient's chest X-ray and evaluated. Further leads to the diagnosis of Hodgkin. This study suggests that Horner's syndrome is an unusual early manifestation of Hodgkin's disease caused by damage to the oculosympathetic pathway due to pressure on the mediastinum(9). A 1980 study by Maloney et al. On 450 patients with Horner's syndrome reported less than 3 percent of Hodgkin's lymphoma(7). Another study by Giles et al. In 1958 on 216 patients with Horner syndrome identified three cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma(6). Also, a 1940 study by Goldman et al., Conducted on 212 patients with Hodgkin's disease, reported no cases of Horner's syndrome(10). Kaplan also stated in his 1980 study that no cases of the syndrome were observed in patients with Hodgkin's disease(11). However, in the present report, MRI of the patient's brain and spinal cord was normal and no complication was observed. However, Williams et al., In their 1959 study of the complications of leukemia and lymphoma, found that neurological complications occur in 15% of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma(12). Jackson et al., Who studied Hodgkin's disease in 1945, also noted complications such as brain and spinal cord injuries, polyneuropathy, mononorrhea, and myopathy(13).According to the results of this study, with the confirmation of Hodgkin's lymphoma in the patient, it is necessary that in addition to the entire oculosympathetic pathway, the patient be examined for neoplasms, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, due to its high potential. Also, due to the involvement of the upper mediastinum, it can be stated that Horner's syndrome is an unusual initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease, which is caused by damage to the oculosympathetic pathway due to pressure on the mediastinum. In general, according to the results of the present study and similar studies among the early life-threatening symptoms, although Hodgkin's disease has been reported as uncommon, but due to the high potential for its treatment, it should be Patients with this syndrome should be considered. Also, with the publication of the present study, we can point to the sensitivity among ophthalmologists in identifying certain cases of malignancies associated with Horner's syndrome, which can lead to their early detection and better prognosis. Unfortunately, the lack of similar Iranian and foreign studies and the unavailability of the full text of some other articles for comparison prevented a comprehensive decision on the results.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information asymmetry on the relationship between monopoly costs of public disclosure and information quality factors in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 1393 and 1397. In this study, the exclusive costs of general disclosure of independent variables and the quality factors of information of dependent variables were considered. The present study is in the category of applied research. In terms of nature, it is in the category of descriptive research and in terms of method, it is in the category of correlational research. In this study, library method was used to collect data and information. In the data section, the research was done by collecting data from sample companies by referring to financial statements, explanatory notes and the stock exchange monthly. Based on the systematic elimination method, 120 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test, Hausman test and Jark-Bra test were used and then multivariate regression test was used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (Eviews software). The results showed the negative impact of exclusive disclosure costs on information quality factors, including the comparability of financial statements; Information efficiency, positive management tone and quality of environmental information are stronger in terms of information asymmetry.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that causes glycosaminoglycan deposition in different tissues due to arylsulfatase deficiency that can cause various systemic and ocular manifestations. The disease is rarely reported. This paper presents the case of a five-year-old girl with low vision and discusses ocular manifestations of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI. The patient was referred to Kermanshah Imam Khomeini Hospital due to low vision. On examination, she was found with multiple systemic and ocular symptoms. Laboratory results showed arylsulfatase B deficiency. According to the clinical manifestations and laboratory results, she was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and treated with Naglazyme. Awareness of ocular symptoms in these patients could be of great help in making proper diagnosis and choosing the best treatment that could improve the quality of life in these patients.

Current research was done with aim of considering the effect of product market competition and companies' life cycle on their elective business strategy. Along that, data of 115 listed sample companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was gathered along 2013 to 2018 years and hypothesis model was tested with the help of multiple regression analysis. The criteria to assess the business strategy was Ittner & Larcker (1997) model and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to product market competition and in the last, the base for distinguishing the sample companies upon their life cycle stages was Anthony & Ramesh (1992) model. The findings indicate that product market competition has a significant impact on business strategy and those companies which are operating in high competition condition have tendency to defensive business strategy. Besides, company's life cycle stages has also a significant impact on selecting business strategy and those companies which are in growth life stage in compare to others (those operating in maturity and decline stages) have more tendency to gain of offensive business strategy. high competition condition in product market gets reducing tendency of growth life stage companies to applying of offensive business strategy. Finally new companies have tendency to opportunistic business strategy while, old ones desire to use Analytical business strategy.

Wolfram syndrome or DIDMOAD is a rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder characterized by clinical symptoms of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hearing loss, and optic nerve atrophy. Due to the rarity of the disease, the rare prevalence of this disease, and the importance of identifying and patient recognition, this study aimed at introducing a patient with Wolfram syndrome, who was a candidate for vitrectomy with the diagnosis of retinal tachycardia.

A 19-year-old girl with Wolfram with symptoms of diabetes mellitus, optic nerve and hearing atrophy, advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, and Tractional Retinal Detachment was referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital for Vitrectomy.

Since optic nerve atrophy in the reported patient appears earlier than other symptoms, the referral of young diabetic patients for ophthalmologic examinations to early diagnosis is suggested. According to the results of this study, children with parents who have a family relationship and a family history of diabetes are more likely to develop Wolfram syndrome. So, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in premarital counseling. Also, it is recommended that authorities make appropriate arrangements for screening susceptible patients for this syndrome.

Purification of proteins is an essential step to determining their function and structure. Proteins are often combined with a tag to facilitate purification prosses. The aim of this study was to design and construct pET32b(+)Rh vector based on pET-32b(+) expression vector to simplifiy purification of recombinant proteins only by Nicle column. The primer design was performed taking into account the targeted changes. Using PCR reaction, the desired fragment was amplified and cloned in pET-32b(+) vector. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli. After screening by colony-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis, sequencing was performed. Vector function study, was performed by investigating the expression and purification of a toxic peptide IOD-NaTx with disulfide bonds in pET32b(+)Rh vector. In new pET32b(+)Rh vector, the histidine tag site at the C- terminal of thioredoxin was removed and the N-terminal of the recombinant peptide would not change much if BamHI is used for cloning . To evaluate the function of the vector, the soluble expression of a toxic peptide was successfully determined and two-step purification using IMAC method resulted into the pure recombinant peptide. In this study, the simple and fast method of cloning was used to construct a modified expression vector using a commercial plasmid. The new pET32b(+)Rh vector can be used to express complex peptides with disulfide bonds fused with thioredoxin. The recombinant protein could be purified simply without need to costly methods such as HPLC and FPLC or other chromatography columns.

Shahab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi, also known as “Sheikhe Ishragh”, (1154–1191) or the founder of the Iranian school of illumination, is an Iranian philosopher who has widely deployed semantic functions of narrative mode in his mystical works. Going beyond the conventional and traditional approach of narrating allegorical anecdotes, he started to create his own narratives to present his intended philosophical and mystical concepts to the audience in form of “plotted” narratives. Fi Haqiqat al-'Ishq  (On the Reality of Love) treatise also known as Munis ol-Oshaq (Companion of Lovers) is one of Suhrawardi’s distinguished and valuable Persian writings in the field of narrative. In this work, he describes the reality of life and the beginning and destination of existence from his own philosophical-mystical view. This treatise—which is an interpretation of the Qur’anic story of the Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) and based on Suhrawardi’s illuminationist view—is presented as an independent narrative more detailed than his other narrative-based writings and with a more elaborate plot. Unlike other dialogic narratives, Fi Haqiqat al-'Ishq is an action-based one that has been considered one of the most elaborate and structured narratives of Suhrawardi.   The story begins with the first step of creation, which is the creation of the intellect by Noor ol Anvar (Light of Lights). From the outset, the intellect is endowed with three features: “beauty”, “love” and “sorrow”; all three are brothers and from the same origin. However, despite the devotion of “love” and “sorrow” to “beauty”, who is the eldest brother, “beauty” inhabits Joseph’s body, reaches the peak of independence and autonomy, and spurns the brothers. Yearning for reunion with “beauty”, the two brothers set out on a journey of austerity so that in companion with Jacob and Zulaikha they could set the ground for reaching their goal. Examining the structure and plot of this narrative based on structuralist theories reveals multifaceted dimensions of its hidden semantic layers regarding Suhrawardi’s illuminationist doctrine. Since Fi Haqiqat al-'Ishq is centered on the binary oppositions between the “material” and “spirit” as well as “light” and “darkness”, the actantial model proposed by Algirdas J. Greimas (1917- 1992), the famous French semiotician, was applied to achieve a kind of detailed analysis of the narrative. The model is built on binary oppositions by which different structural elements of a narrative, including the plot and the characters in both deep and surface levels, are analyzed. In Suhrawardi’s illuminationist philosophy, which emphasizes on the originality of “light”, there is a basic binary opposition between “light” and “darkness” and consequently between “heaven” and “earth”, “abstract” and “material” as well as “ignorance” and “knowledge”. In Fi Haqiqat al-'Ishq, which briefly reviews the great event of creation alongside the spiritual journey of soul to the source of life in two parts, this thinking system dominates; a manifestation of which is the binary opposition between “beauty” and “love”. As it continues, the independence of “beauty” and its separation from “love” kindle the “love’s” passion for reunion, which turns him into a traveler (Salik) in the second half of the story.   Studying the actions and the arrangement of the narrative actors, based on the actantial model, proves that the main action in the first half of the story is “creation” which has been performed by different actors throughout successive stages. The result of this action is the creation of the heavens and the earth as well as endowing the earth and earthly creatures with the grace of creation. The main action in the second half of the narrative is the “spiritual journey”; which is known as a way for the earth inhabitants to return to the spiritual and heavenly origin of life. In this regard, the transformation of the actors both on the side of the earth and the heaven (transformation of “beauty”, “love” and “sorrow” to the earthly characters of Joseph, Zulaikha and Jacob) displays the extension of the great event of “creation” in both heavenly and earthly realms (both deep and surface levels). The contrasting plot of this narrative demonstrates the confrontation of the two main substances of “light” and “darkness” (spirit and material) and briefly explains the descending arc of life (the extension of the grace of creation from Light of Lights that resulted in the creation of the heavens and the earth) and the ascending arc (spiritual journey of human being to reconnect to the source of light). This structure adjusts to theory of opposition and actantial model of Greimas. Examination of this narrative based on the mentioned model shows that the two basic actants (“beauty” and “love”) in deep level accompanied with the two actors in the surface level (Joseph and Zulaikha) are the different manifestations of the light and darkness who have been integrated in the process of the creation. Considering the existing opposition in the deep structure of the story, which causes the separation between the brothers, the most important sequence in this narrative appears to be disjunctive.    Fi Haqiqat al-'Ishq is a brief literary and artistic expression of the author’s philosophical mindset. In this work, Suhrawardi briefly reviews the great event of the creation and the origin of the life to initially remind the reader of the spiritual history of the world and to show another dimension of the truth in the second half of the narrative; the fact that we, human beings, are prisoners in the dark well of the mundane world and the only way of liberation and reconnection to the source of “Light of Lights” is awareness and setting out on a journey of austerity. In this story, “love” is the actant who firstly made this hard journey but in fact the actors of this action (spiritual journey) are all devoted travelers who have stepped on this path to reach the eternal truth and “Light of Lights”.

Basalts in the Gasht-Masuleh area crop out in the SW Fuman, Gilan Province, and are exposed in the Jurassic and Late Cretaceous units in this area. Whole rock chemistry shows that the rock samples have Mg numbers between 30 and 31.7. Rare earth element patterns (REE) indicate light REE (LREE) enrichment and heavy REE (HREE) depletion (LaN/YbN= 7.7-9.8). Nb, Ta and Ti negative anomalies in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams indicate the formation of parent melt in an arc-related tectonic setting. Clinopyroxene phenocrysts have diopside compositions, crystallized from a calc-alkaline basic parent melt in an extensional tectonic setting. These geochemical features indicate that the basalts of the Gasht-Masuleh area probably formed in an extensional related tectonic setting and inherited their arc signatures from a previous subduction event, possibly of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean crust subduction.

Inversion in narrative time is a kind of innovative techniques that involves the reversed direction of time from the end to the beginning. This kind of narrative has significant rhetoric and semantic functions. Most of researches in this field has mainly done around the novels in which the whole direction of the time is reversed. However some authors have used backward time in just a part of their fictions and they have benefited from most of its capacities and rhetorical and semantic functions. This essay, will firstly introduce “backward narrative” and secondly, will study two Persian short stories in which the authors have used backward technique in just a short part of narrative, to prove that – in comparison with full reversal narratives, limited usage of this technique does not reduce its rhetoric and semantic capacities, but also because the use of backward technique in narrative is mostly selective and precise, could present more useful capacities in both field of rhetoric and semantic.

In order to investigate the effect of seed priming to resist drought stress of basil, a research was carried out in plant research laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, in 2018, in a completely randomized design with in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Both stages consisted of four levels of PM with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol solution (control, -3 bar, -6 bar, -9 bar). In the first stage, drought levels included four levels of drought stress (control, -3 bar, -6 bar). The second stage consisted of three levels of drought stress (control (100 percent field capacity), 75 percent field capacity, 50 percent field capacity). The results showed that drought stress can have significant effects on the percentage of germination components (germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, root and shoot fresh weight and root and shoot dry weight) and basil plant growth. Level (P≤0.01) in laboratory and greenhouse stages. In greenhouse only root length, mean number of leaves per plant and secondary leaf area were significant. In addition, the interaction effects of priming on drought stress also showed significant effects on the percentage of germination and growth of basil (P≤0.01) at laboratory and greenhouse stages. Due to the climate and approach to medicinal plants, more research is needed.

The Alborz Range, as a part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny, formed during the Cimmerian orogeny due to northward movements of the Central Iran micro-plate towards Eurasia. Subsequently, it underwent different compressional and extensional geological events from the Late Triassic collision to the recent ongoing contraction and volcanism. The gabbros in the Gasht-Masuleh area are small kilometer-sized cumulate and isotropic gabbro bodies that intruded the Paleozoic metasediments and Mesozoic sediments in the three localities including Chapul, Gilvandehrud, and Zudel. Clinopyroxene chemistry suggests that the calc-alkaline parent magma formed in a transitional environment between arc and extension related tectonic settings. Diopside clinopyroxene composition is Wo47-51 En43-49 Fs4-9 and enstatite orthopyroxene has Wo0-3 En71-79 Fs20-28 composition. The low TiO2 content of clinopyroxene indicates a depletion of parental magma source during old subduction in the north of Iran. Using different thermometers, based on clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene composition suggest that the crystallization temperature of pyroxene was low (~800 ℃). Al2O3, Na2O and Cr2O3 contents of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene are low indicating the crystallization of the parent magma at low pressure at upper crustal levels.

In order to investigate the effect of seed priming on salinity stress of Basil medicinal plant, an experiment was conducted in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design in petri dish and greenhouse conditions in Islamic Azad University of Neyshabour. Salinity levels (NaCl: control, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM) were included in both experiments. The results showed that salinity had significant effects on reducing germination percentage and growth of basil in laboratory and greenhouse. However, mean number of leaves per plant, secondary leaf area and root length were significant only in greenhouse. Interaction effects of priming on salinity stress also showed significant effects on germination percentage and growth of basil at the level of (P≥0.01) in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In general, it concluded that basil is highly susceptible to salinity stress.

A comprehensive assessment of agricultural soils quality is essential for making wise decision that leads to sustainable production and environmental preservation. Many studies have shown that soil quality index, based on a combination of soil characteristics, can describe soil conditions better than individual soil characteristics. In this study, to evaluate the soil quality, first, a minimum data set was made by using the principal component analysis. Then, quantitative characteristics of the soil were quantified through scoring. Finally, by weighting each attribute (through the principal component analysis), soil quality index (SQI) was obtained and converted to map by GIS software. The results showed that most of the soils (97% of soil samples) had electrical conductivity less than 2 dS/m and they were in the group of natural soils without limitation. Most of the studied paddy soils had a good pH and no special limitation. The average of available phosphorus concentration was more than the critical level (12 mg/kg) because of the presence of a number of high concentration samples, while there was a poor phosphorous situation in more than 50% of the region. Nearly 76 percent of the studied regions had total nitrogen higher than 0.2 percent, which indicated the relative adequacy of this nutrient element in most of the land. The concentration of available potassium in most of the studied areas was less than the critical level. Mapping of the soil quality index showed that some paddy fields had poor fertility quality because of the limitation of soil intrinsic and static properties such as clay, organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity. However, most of the studied lands had moderate fertility quality and the most important limiting factor was the shortage of available phosphorus and potassium, while the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was low in this area.

Soil texture is a static soil property that has great effects on soil physico-chemical properties. Therefore, global demands are increasing for a high spatial resolution map of soil texture. Lack of intrinsic soil data can lead to wrong policies regarding management and degradation of soil and water resources. Iran has many scattered soil data that have been collected at great cost. These data can be useful in a wide range of applications if presented accurately in digital map format. In this study, Ordinary Kriging, Pixel-Based Classification (PBC), and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods were investigated using 4665 soil surface samples collected from croplands and orchards to map Guilan soil texture groups (fine, medium and coarse) and soil mineral particles. MBE, NRMSE, KIA, R2 and Pa statistics were used for verification. The results indicated that IDW could provide higher accuracy for clay (R2 = 0.64 and NRMSE = 0.22) and sand (R2 = 0.67 and NRMSE = 0.25) particles prediction, but PBC had higher accuracy for predicting fine, medium and coarse soil texture groups according to KIA and Pa of 0.46 and 0.73, respectively. However, superiority of PBC was minor (KIA = 0.43 and Pa = 0.71) compared to Ordinary Kriging. PBC used auxiliary soil data as inputs for Artificial Neural Network to predict soil mineral particles of unvisited pixels. For more certainty regarding efficiency of PBC in predicting soil texture groups, it is recommended to test the mentioned methods in areas with more physiographic diversity.

Current research is willing to trace the effect of disclosure quality rank and proper notifications on debt capacity of the companies. To achieve research aim were elected 132 companies by systematic elimination pattern and wanted data for research variables along the years 2013-2017 gathered and hypothesis model was tested with the help of multiple regression analysis. In order to measure the debt capacity (as a dependent variable of research), the model previously developed by Frank Goyal (2009) and to assess the ranking of the disclosure quality (independent variable of the research) of the rankings declared in the "Quality ranking Disclosure and proper notification" of stock exchange organization has been used. The result of the hypothesis test showed that the ranking of disclosure and proper notifications has a positive and significant effect on the borrowing capacity of the companies. Companies with higher disclosure rank have higher borrowing capacity also.Contribution: Research finding, in addition to extending the theoretical foundations of past research, contains valuable concepts to managers and regulatory bodies about importance of companies' financial information disclosure quality and rank. Qualitative disclosure not only reduces investors' uncertainty but also creditors' and upon that their required return and in final lead to increasing company's borrowing capacity.