لیلا سلطانی

The research was intended to examine the efficacy of family and school together program (FAST) on the educational and cultural performance of families and the parenting self-efficacy of mothers with 4-6 years old children in Isfahan on 1403. The research statistical population embraced all the mothers of four- to six-years-old children in kindergartens in Isfahan on 1403. The sample encased 30 of mothers who were selected by convenience sampling procedure and were placed in two experimental and control groups, 15 participations each. The research was designed as pretest posttest semi-experimental one with tow experimental and control groups. To collect data Family Educational and Cultural Performance Questionnaire (Babaei Fard, 2021) and Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) (Dumka & et al., 1996) were implemented. The experimental group exposed to (FAST) Program for 8 sessions with 150 minutes’ duration each and the control group received none. Then both groups were post tested. The data were analyzed by applying multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results revealed that both groups differed significantly in educational and cultural performance means in the two experimental and control groups (F=237.91 , P<0.5). Also, there was a significant difference between the means of parental self-efficacy in the two experimental and control groups (F=225.18 and P<0.5). It could be concluded that (FAST) program was effective on family educational and cultural performance and self-efficacy in mothers with 4 to 6-year-old, and this program can be utilized to strengthen the parenting skills of mothers in the family and society.

Population growth, information technology changes, climate change, quantitative and qualitative changes in water and economic developments of the 21st century have greatly affected the rural economy. So that managing the rural economy against these changes and shocks requires recognizing the dynamic capacity of its constituents. The research method is based on the purpose of the user and the type is descriptive and analytical. This research was conducted in 1398 with the aim of researching the sustainability of the rural economy of the central district of Urmia. The method of collecting is documentary and field information. The statistical population of the study was 9305 households from which 385 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula. The sampling method was simple random. Data collection tool was a questionnaire based on variables (agricultural economy, services and industry) in Likert scale. The results show that services and industry activities have contributed to the dynamics of the rural economy that have been somehow dependent on agriculture. Tourism and nature tourism in the services, handicrafts and leather and furniture industries are heavily dependent on farming and livestock activities, which, in the eyes of the people, drive the economy of the village. In these activities, production, cost and production diversification have made a major contribution to the sustainability of the rural economy, ensuring that the rural economy in the region is sustained.

Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science that is widely used in various fields including medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by various compounds in size, shape, and different chemical properties, which can be used in a variety of biological and biomedical applications. Metal NPs are used widely in many fields and have various properties making them appropriate for use in medical applications.Zinc is an essential trace element for almost all living organisms. Due to possessing a significant role in versatile biological processes, including fetal development, natural growth, wound healing, metabolism, immunity, cognitive functions, sperm generation, bone mineralization, neurological, and enzymatic processes.In recent decades, zinc oxide NPs have been one of the most popular types of NPs with numerous biological applications due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity and are used in a wide range of commercial applications including applications in many different industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, dyes, rubber, tissue engineering, antibacterial agents, and anti-cancer. Nowadays, significant scientific interest has been directed toward the application of nanomaterials in the modulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation for further application in regenerative medicine. Zinc is one of the most plentiful trace metals in the human body and was reported to be essential for the regeneration of bone. ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties. Particular emphasis was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with a focus on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to ZnO-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force, and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions.  ZnO NPs present certain cytotoxicity in cancer cells and induce cancer cell death via the apoptosis signaling pathway. This autophagy induction was positively correlated with the dissolution of ZnO NPs in lysosomes to release zinc ions, and zinc ions released from ZnO NPs were able to damage lysosomes, leading to impaired autophagic flux and mitochondria.ZnO nanostructures, featuring antimicrobial activity, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis, have been also combined with additive manufacturing technologies with the final aim of designing novel advanced hybrid scaffolds for tissue engineering.Zinc deficiency is positively correlated with diabetes and may also affect the progress of Type 2 diabetes. Several zinc complexes have been synthesized and proven to be effective in rodent models of diabetes.ROS are generated by metal oxide nanoparticles which considerably help in fibroblast proliferation. The interlinkage of the fibroblast cells and zinc oxide nanoparticles was impacted by the surface area and particle size of the nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles dressing increases apoptosis, bacteria clearance, platelet activation, tissue necrosis, re-epithelialization, tissue scar formation, debris removal, angiogenesis, and stem cell activation through wound healing. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) can overcome the aforementioned limitations by releasing the drugs in a slow and sustained manner and delivering them to the desired area of the body system. This article provides an overview of some of the research relating to the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles in biological sciences.

Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be a promising tool in regenerative medicine. One of the richest sources of mesenchymal stem cells is fetal bone marrow. Silymarin has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with a positive effect on the proliferation of some cells as well as anti-osteoporosis properties. This study aimed to show the effect of silymarin on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos into the osteogenic line.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow of sheep embryos. MTT test was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of silymarin on cells at different concentrations for 24 and 72 hours. Then, cells in one of 8 groups 1: negative control; 2: treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 3: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the usual environment, 4: treated with 100 μmol/liter estradiol in the usual environment, 5: positive control, 6: treatment treated with 10 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 7: treated with 20 μmol/liter silymarin in the differentiation medium, 8: treated with 100 μmol/liter in the differentiation medium, were cultured for 21 days. To determine the osteogenic differentiation of cells, the deposition of hydroxyapatite ions was examined using alizarin staining, and also, the amount of ALP enzyme secretion was also measured in the studied groups.

Comparing the average optical absorption of cells at different concentrations between 24 and 72 hours after treatment showed that the average optical absorption of cells at zero concentration of silymarin after 72 hours of treatment decreased in comparison with those treated for 24 hours (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in other concentrations (P>0.05). Examining the level of ALP enzyme secretion, 21 days after treatment with silymarin in the studied groups showed that the highest level of enzyme secretion was in group 8 (P≤0.05). The lowest amount of enzyme secretion was observed in group 1 (negative control) and then in group 2 and group 3 respectively (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups 4, 5, and 6 (P>0.05). Based on the alizarin red staining results, calcium ions deposition was observed in all the groups related to the differentiation medium, which increased in groups 8, 7, 6, and 5, respectively. In the groups cultured in the usual environment, there was no calcification in group 1 and the amount of calcification increased in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In total, the amount of calcification in the differentiation environment groups was higher in comparison with the usual environment.

During this study, Silymarin had no toxic effect on the mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of sheep embryos in the studied concentrations after 24 and 72 hours of treatment. It increased the differentiation of the cells into the osteogenic lineage in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, it seems that with further studies and identification of the molecular pathways of silymarin's effect, it can be used in cell therapy in order to repair bone lesions.

In recent decades with the advent of nanotechnology, use of nanoparticles has been increased due to increased bioavailability, improved targeted treatment, and reduced toxicity. Selenium is a trace essential element in bodies of humans and animals. This element is found in the structure of numerous enzymes playing various roles in the body of organisms. Under different conditions, several effects have been reported for selenium nanoparticles, the main objective of this study was to evaluate different researches related to using selenium nanoparticles as anti-cancer, stem cell differentiation, wound healing, and dis-infection agent, also nutrition and reproduction performances.

In this study, we present a summary of studies on the effects of selenium nanoparticles in various conditions, including differentiation, anti-cancer, anti-infective and wound healing effects, also nutritional and reproductive performances.

Different forms of selenium have been used in various studies. However, in most studies, selenium nanoparticles show less toxicity than its salt forms (Sodium Selenate, Sodium Selenite, Selenium Dioxide and Selenous Acid). Positive effects have been observed in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and wound infection, improving nutritional and reproduction performances.

It seems that due to the lower toxicity and greater bio-availability of selenium nanoparticles, it can be used instead of its salt forms.

Breast cancer mortality is growing around the world due to chemotherapy resistance and chemo-related side effects. Many natural products from plants are recognized to exert anticancer activity. This study aimed at investigating anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of different varieties of apricot kernels (Jahangiri, Palmia, Jafari, and N585) at different concentrations on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Huvec), as normal cells, at 24 and 72h after treatment.

In this experimental study, fruits of four different apricot cultivars were collected from the orchard of Kermanshah Agricultural Research Center, Iran. Hydro-ethanolic extract of apricot kernels were used at different concentrations (25, 100, 400, and 1200 μg/ml). The control group did not receive any supplement. The cytotoxicity of different concentrations was determined by MTT assay and acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining was performed to evaluate the extent of apoptosis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS. Duncan’s test was used to test the differences between treatments.

After 24 and 72 hours, the highest reduction in proliferation of cancer and normal cells occurred at highest concentration of N585 cultivar (P<0.05).

It seems that different apricot kernel cultivars act differently in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer and normal cells.

One of the leading causes of death in the world is cancer. In order to find cures with fewer side effects and on the other hand drug resistance problems that exist in relation to the treatment of cancer patients, attention to plant-derived products has greatly increased. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove on cancer and normal cells.

Hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove were prepared in different concentrations (25, 100, 400, and 1200 μg / ml) then added to culture medium of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cells (Huvec) and incubated for 24 or 72 h. At the end of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis by acridine orange-ethidium-bromide dual staining. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncanchr('39')s multiple comparisons.

The addition of hydroalcoholic extracts of both nettle and clove at the highest used concentration (1200 μg/ml) after 24 and 72 hreduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment and control groups (p<0.05). The addition of the highest concentration of both hydro-alcoholic extracts of clove and nettle to normal cells reduced cell proliferation significantly compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05).

The results of this study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extracts of nettle and clove inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

Cardiomyocytes proliferate and form the heart in the embryonic period, but proliferation stops soon after birth. Cardiac diseases stay the leading reason of death universal, both in developed and developing countries. Cardiac diseases can develop quickly, including acute myocardial infarction, or progress slowly, such as cardiac remodeling, which is determined by cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis that can finally cause to heart failure. Stem cells are a good alternative for regenerative medicine because of their characteristics such as self-renewal and differentiation potential. They are classified into different types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and ultimately uni-potent stem cells. Albeit embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiac cells and show powerful therapeutic potential for heart diseases, the ethical controversies surrounding the origin of embryonic stem cells hinder its broad usage in patients. Mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into a different of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and stromal cells.  They can be extracted from different tissues including the liver, blood, bone marrow, synovium, umbilical cord blood, gut, lungs, adipose tissue, umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, eye conjunctiva, dermis, dental pulp and amniotic fluid. Also, mesenchymal stem cells can be expressed CD105, CD73 and CD90, and lack expression of the haematopoietic markers CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79alpha or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Mesenchymal stem cells have various advantages of easy accessibility, strong capacity of proliferation, immune modulatory properties, and migration to damaged tissues. Due to the lack of graft loss, they are an appreciate option for cell therapy, especially ischemic heart disease. Nowadays, it is generally accepted that the observed therapeutic impact induced by mesenchymal stem cells is chiefly based on the secretion of paracrine factors rather than on the differentiation into cardiomyocytes.Many agents such as cytokines, growth factors, and small molecules have been shown to promote cardiac cell differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Direct and indirect culture systems with myocardial cells and other cardiac cells in order to benefit from the factors secreted by these cells can increase the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes like cells. The cardiomyocytes differentiation is regulated by different transcription factors such as GATA4, and Nkx2.5. Also, different signaling pathways such as Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), WNT, and Notch play key roles in regulating proliferation, cardiomyocytes differentiation, and survival of mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we focus on miRNAs and their roles on cardiomyocytes differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Following an introduction to the non-coding RNAs, micro-RNAs and mechanism of miro-RNA functions, we then discuss what is currently known about the expression of miRNAs in embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we discuss current knowledge of miRNAs regulatory role in mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocytes. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA (21–25 nucleotides) involved in regulation of cell behavior either through inhibition of mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. Since its identification as a major component of a broadly conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally, the miRNA pathway has emerged as one of the most widely evaluated pathways of the past decade. miRNAs are both pleiotropic and redundant, and it has been suggested that at least 30% of human genes are regulated by the cooperation among miRNAs: one mRNA can be recognize by various miRNAs and one miRNA can recognize several mRNAs. miRNA profile studies have showed that miRNAs are selectively expressed in various tissues and at different developmental stages. miRNA signatures for mesenchymal stem cells of different origin have shown the expression of defined patterns of miRNAs involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties such as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation capacity. Many miRNAs are expressed in various tissues; they can be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of certain diseases. Also, mi-RNAs have been studied more than other types of non-coding RNAs. The increasing evidence displays that miRNAs are involved in many pathological conditions, such as cancer, arrhythmias, cardiac infarction, virus infection, and Alzheimerchr('39')s disease, which has been suggested as a new target to cure these diseases. The regulatory function of the miRNA is mostly applied via, and controlled by, different transcription factors and other regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. These complex interactions between miRNAs and other regulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels integrate miRNAs into the cellular network of regulation of gene expression that defines the stem cell fate and behavior. New studies have displayed that different of these key transcription factors directly regulate miRNA expression in embryonic stem cells. Known pluripotent related markers, such as miR-302a, b, c, and d, and miR-200c.Recently, different miRNAs were proposed to associate with cardiomyocyte differentiation of stem cells. Over-expression of some miRNAs such as mi-R1-2 in mouse bone marrow- mesenchymal stem cells could induce their differentiation into cardiomyocytes through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Also, the miR1 has been reported to be able to modulate cardiomyogenesis and preserve the expression of muscle genes via down regulating the Notch or STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, except mir-1-2 over-expression of miR-499 in rat bone marrow- mesenchymal stem cells induces them toward cardiac differentiation via the activating the wnt/b-catenin signal pathway. Conversely, microRNA-133 blocks the cardiac differentiation of mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells. By modulating miR-1 and -499 expression levels, human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells function can be altered and differentiation directed, thereby enhancing cardiomyogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miR-499a-5p increased the expression of cardiomyogenic differentiation markers in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Down regulation of miR-199b-5p induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward cardiomyocyte-like cells through the HSF1/HSP70 signaling pathway, and had no influence on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and migration. MicroRNAs affect cardiac cellular signaling and gene expression, and implicate miR-199b as a therapeutic target in heart failure. The cooperative association and reciprocal interactions between genetic and epigenetic regulatory factors and miRNAs regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells.

Cancer is one of the challenges of the medical world. Recently, in the search for new compounds with anti-cancer properties, attention to natural compounds has increased. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the anti-cancer properties of various concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Zophobas morio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae, as a mass-rearing and available insect, on breast cancer cells.

In this experimental study, the insect was reared at a temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 60% on wheat bran. At the final larval stage, the insects were dried and pulverized. Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cells (HUVEC) purchased from Pasteur Institute, were treated for 24 and 72 hours by different concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (zero, 25, 100, 400 and 1200 μg/ml). Water was used as a control. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. In five treatment groups, 10,000 cells of each extract were cultured in three replicates.

Adding high concentration of hydroalcoholic extract (39.42±4.48 in 24 hours, 23.52±1.82 in 72 hours) compared to aqueous extract (56.02±9.43 in 24 hours, 36.52±4.07 at 72 hours) had a better effect on inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells (p<0.05). The effect of these extracts on normal cells was observed only in high concentrations and its amount was lower than cancer cells (aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts [61.77±3.44 and 57.21±1.10 in 24 hours] and [39.25±6.53 and 27.14±1.38 in 72 hours], respectively) (p<0.05).

The results showed that the high concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of Z. morio larvae played an effective role in inhibiting breast cancer cells, without having a significant effect on normal cells.

Urban tourism development is considered as the most important forces of socioeconomic development, which can not be denied that it is an extraordinary force for change and in many countries as one of the most important ways to earn money. It is considered abundant. Method of the present research is applied according to the purpose and according to the qualitative method. In this research, content analysis method has been used to identify, and report existing patterns. According to experts in the field identifying indicators of sustainable development of urban tourism in Isfahan, a total of 5 dimensions and 112 indicators were identified, of which 35 indicators for the economic dimension, 29 indicators for the socio-cultural dimension, and the environmental dimension 22 indicators, 16 indicators for infrastructure (physical) and 10 indicators for management (institutional) were identified and evaluated. In order to prioritize the three areas of the city based on the dimensions of sustainable development of urban tourism, the opinion of experts on the importance of each of the 5 dimensions approved in the interview was obtained, and based on the average of these opinions, a pairwise comparison between 5 dimensions in software Expert Choice was performed and the weight of each criterion was calculated. Then, by performing the equations related to the Victor model, Isfahan region 3 with a weight of one first rank, Isfahan city five with a weight of 0.76 took the second rank and Isfahan region one with a weight of zero took the third rank.

The anti-cancer effects of insect larvae were demonstrated in cancer cells in traditional medicine. Identification and extraction of anticancer compounds from insects can reduce the problems of cancer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties of different concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Tenebrio molitor larvae on breast cancer cells (Mcf-7).

The larvae used in this study were reared at the research insect farm of Razi University. Larvae were frozen and then dried before starting pupation. Their aqueous and ethanolic extracts were derived. Concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/ml of each extract were added to the cell culture. The group without extract was considered as control. Anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptosis by acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining.

Application of ethanolic extract in low concentrations (20, 40 μg/ml) to the culture had the greatest cell cytotoxicity effect compared to aqueous extract with same concentration (p<0.05). In addition, the 40 μg/ml concentration of aqueous extract had a significant effect on cell cytotoxicity in comparison to the 20 μg/ml concentration (p<0.05). However, high concentrations, 120 μgr/ml of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, significantly increased the proliferation compared to the control (p>0.05). Similar results were observed in apoptosis assay.

In conclusion, larval ethanolic extract appeared to have a better effect on cytotoxicity and apoptosis of breast cancer cells in comparison to the aqueous extracts. Investigations for finding new and efficient natural anti-cancer extracts can improve our knowledge about natural-based medicines with fewer side effects.

The aim of this study was to compare the anti-proliferative,apoptotic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of different herbal medicines (Achillea wilhelmsii,Silybum marianumseed,Echinacea purpurea,Adiantum capillus-venerisand apricot kernel) against breast cancer cells (Mcf-7).Material,

For this purpose,the plants were dried,milled,then,soaked in 70% ethanol for 72 hours,their extracts were extracted using a rotary evaporator.Different concentrations of herbal extracts (12.5,25,50,100 μg,ml) were added to the cancer cell culture medium,their cytotoxicity,apoptotic effects were investigated after 24h by MTT assay,acridine orange - ethidium bromide staining,respectively.Data was analyzed by SPSS software at the significant level of 5%.

Addition of the highestconcentration of all extracts to the culture mediumshowed the most significant anti-proliferative,apoptotic effects (P<0.05) compared to other concentrations of the same extracts.Also,among the high concentrations (100μg,ml),the highest cell cytotoxicity effects were related to the extracts of Echinacea purpureaand Adiantum capillus-veneris (P<0.05).

The results of this study indicated that the addition of Echinacea purpurea,Adiantum capillus-venerisextractsto the cell culturesin high concentrationshad the most significant anti proliferative,apoptotic effects on breast cancer cells in comparison with other plant extractsand concentrations.

Application of traditional medicine and identification of herbs to treat cancer are being on the rise. Little information is available on the anticancer effects of Smyrnium cordifolium bioss species. For this purpose, the present study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the alcoholic extract of S. cordifulium.

After preparing the plant and its alcoholic extract, different concentrations of the extract (0, 2, 10, 50 and 250 μg/ml) were added to the culture medium of MCF-7 cells. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of different extract concentrations. In addition, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining was used to assess apoptosis rates. Data was analyzed by SPSS software at the significance level of 5%.

the results of this study showed that S. cordifolium extract at 250μg/ml concentration had a more inhibitory effect on proliferation compared to other treatment groups. Moreover, this concentration (250μg/ml) had a significant effect on apoptosis in comparison with other concentrations.

In conclusion, it seems that alcoholic extract of S. cordifolium can partially reduce proliferation of cancer cells.

Studies show that one of the foundations for the formation of addiction is anxiety. Anxiety index is considered to be an important component not only in the initial stages, but also in the process of slipping and recurrence, which is an important component that can challenge the desired therapeutic outcomes. One of the dimensions resulted from the addiction is anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of well-being group therapy on negative mood regulation scale in women dependent on methamphetamine. The present study was carried out in a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. Thus, during the period from May to March 2015, twenty two women eligible to participate in the study were selected after a post-screening from among methamphetamine dependent patients referred to three addiction treatment clinics in Tehran using purposely sampling and they were assigned in two groups of experiment and accidentally using Excel software. After obtaining informed consent and accepting participation criteria in the study, all participants were interviewed by structured clinical interview and completed the negative mood regulation scale. The experimental group was treated well-being therapy for 12 weekly sessions and the control group was merely received the routine treatments of the center. Then, they were evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up through the mentioned questionnaire. Chi-square test and generalized estimation equation were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the well-being therapy had a significant effect on the improvement of the negative mood regulation scale (p<0.01). However, this improvement was not maintained until follow-up stage (p >0.05). These findings, consistent with the research literature, suggest the efficacy of positive-oriented therapies on the regulation of mood indices. The results of this study can be helpful in evaluating and designing of therapeutic interventions and the prospect of future research in methamphetamine abusers.

The mechanism to reimburse the cost of treatment is one of the important factors that directly and indirectly in financial management and cost control, the hospital is impressive. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship run the system of payments, DRG and reduce the cost of treatment in military hospitals in Tehran city is done. A descriptive - analytical Study was conducted at Tehran Military Hospitals in 2018. In this study, first, the actual cost of services and the length of residence of the records were extracted from the hospital information system, then the average cost and residence of the patient for each
surgical procedure were determined and compared with the cost and average of the patient's residence determined in the global system of Iran. Finally, Significance difference between mean cost and average patient's residence was evaluated using t-test in version 16 of SPSS software. About a quarter of the records of patients admitted to the study, the records of global. In the hospitals 64% cases Global, Group actions, etc 16% cases in the group of surgical procedures, and 20% of the cases in Group surgery eye. In 95% records, including the cost of surgery with Global to
benefit the hospital, that 97% of this difference is the cost, were significantly meaningful. According to reduce the duration of stay of patients in Surgery Global, reload in current repayment system and implement a system of repayment prospective for other diagnosis, and surgery is recommended.

The Iranian architecture in the Islamic era, as the most efficient instrument for creating space, has been able to form brilliant and lasting works on the architecture and urbanity in the country of Iran. Creation of the prominent works of the Islamic-Iranian architecture started during the Seljuk and Ilkhani periods and peaked during the Safavid period. The traditional architecture and urbanization of Iran in contemporary time, and with the development of relations with the western world, they has been influenced by the modern world’s thoughts and styles. These styles could not be a suitable place to transfer Iranian Islamic culture and, on the other hand, the original Iranian architecture was also neglected. In the present era, the decorations in architecture are also very confused and identity-less following this trend, and in many of them there are no traces of territorial and identity concepts. All these cases make paying attention to the restoration of the identity of the decorations in Iranian-Islamic architecture essential.
This paper seeks to extract with an analytic perspective, the concept and components of Iranian-Islamic architecture, and then point out how architectural decorations have been used with the goal of preserving its architectural identity.
Based on the above mentioned issues, using a descriptive-analytic research methodology, the data have been analyzed for qualitative research and finally, using the inductive method, the components of Iranian-Islamic architecture have been studied. The results of the research are in line with the identity-based revival of the decorations of Iranian-Islamic architecture, attention to the components of “culture, climate, economy, day changes (political and educational), and art (relative)” have been essential, and decorations can re-claim their identity status considering these five components in the present architecture of Iran

Public place Management requires policy and planning based on the priority of the components affecting spatial behavior. To plan and preserve Jemaa el-Fna square as a dynamic public place, the sub-criterias of the three main components of the urban landscape (semantic-perceptual, functional-activity and aesthetic) has been researched and elucidated in relate to the three main alternatives for the planning public place (audience, time and creativity).
The criterias and sub-criterias in Analytic Hierarchy process method (AHP) were examined and the prioritied for planning the public space management in Jemaa el-Fna (as a case study). The study showed that audiences have the greatest impact in urban landscape management of Jemaa el-Fna, and then creativity and time alternatives affect the components of urban landscape. Based on the meaningful results of the evaluation, this public place is strongly focused on the audience. Also, planning priority of public place is initially focuced on the relationship of audience with the functional-activity component, (ii) the semantic-perceptual component, and (iii) the aesthetic component.

The present study aimed to investigating the effect of the early childhoodemotional curriculum on Isfahanian children's emotional intelligence. For thispurpose, unequal group scheme of sub- experimental research methods wasused. A total of 30 children were recruited to participate in the study and wereassigned to two groups: an experimental group (n=15) that received trainingand a control group (n=15) that participated in normal day care centeractivities. A pre-test–post-test intervention design with a control group wasused to evaluate the efficacy of the curriculum (pre- intervention baseline andpost intervention after six months and a post-hoc test three months after theprogram was over). The data for the study were collected through theIsfahanian preschool children's emotional intelligence test. In order to analyzethe data and investigate statistical hypotheses repeated measures test wasutilized. The results revealed that this curriculum improved children’semotional intelligence (p˂0.05) and highlighted the efficacy of implementingof emotional curriculums in early educational contexts and other educationallevels

Success in sports is dependent upon a combination of psychological and physical factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, sport success and somatotype and to compare the emotional intelligence in elite players and Iran youth national kabaddi players. The research was a correlational field one. The statistical population consisted of 28 players invited to Iran national kabaddi team camp. Emotional intelligence questionnaire of Lan et al (2009), success in sport questionnaire of Vaez Mousavi et al (2015) and Isaac Society Criteria were used in order to investigate the emotional intelligence, sport success and somatotype, respectively. Data were analysed by descriptieve statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and independent t-test. The result showed a positive correlation between some subscales of emotional intelligence and sport success. But no significant correlation was observed between the subscales of emotional intelligence and sport success with somatotype. The results also showed a significant difference in the two subscales of psyche implementation and sensitivity to error between national team players and other kabaddi elite athletes (p<0.05) : It seems that emotional intelligence as an effective factor in sport success can promotoe sport performance. In addition, when the somatotype is relatively similar in different individulas, it could not be regarded as an effective factor for selecting the player and/or success in a group.

Security is one of the most important requirements for citizens in cities. So, it is necessary to ensure security in the cities. Spaces and crime related to each other. Some spaces of cities produced crime that urban planners have to pay attention them.
Beside security “sense of security” has importance. This is an emotional reaction to social violent crime and physical injuries or a range of emotional and practical reactions to crime and irregularity. Today, urban adverse environments create many problems for citizens. It increases social harms. With increase these harms has reduced insecurity. In these circumstances crimes increase. So people become more cautious in social relations. They fear with every event and feel insecurity. Differentiations of places infused sense of security or fear to citizens. So, spatial differences in cities influences in differences of sense of insecurity.
Security has much more important in the metropolis of Tehran. In this area the Centralized system of government Caused centralized of populations that underlie social deviations and abnormalities. So, Tehran and the cities in its area have the highest level of crime in the cities of Iran. The cities that have grown in the metropolitan areas of Tehran in the last few decades have a lot of social problems. The Qods city is one of them that received many immigrants so it is involved many social problems like insecurity. In this social environment the sense of insecurity has grown.
Since the analyzing the root causes of sense of insecurity in different places of city affect in improve the performance of urban officials and it increase citizen's sense of place, this research is sought to analysis the sense of security in the different quarters of the city of Qods and it offers the solutions to improve the present situation. This study will answer this question that does the sense of security of citizens in urban quarters were different? And whether the diversity of land uses in the urban areas affect in the citizen’s sense of security?
Material & This is an applied research according to the purpose and is a descriptive-analytical according to the nature and method. Data have gathered with documentary and survey methods. The statistical society is the citizens over 18 years in the city of Qods. The sample size is estimated 375 people with the Cochran formula. Samples are selected by cluster sampling method randomly. Preliminary data had gathered in March 2014 in the city of Gods. The questionnaire has been drawn up with Likert questions. This reality was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. The research data analyses with use of the correlation coefficient regression and T-test in the SPSS and the urban quarters were ranked based on using multi- criteria decision-making of Topsis and the Cluster Analysis.
This research has physical (The nocturnal land uses, acquaintance of urban space, the quality of urban roads, the readability, natural and artificial care), social-economic (busyness, rising land prices, the rise in prices of housing units, rent increase, relationships and social interactions, police performance, accumulation of offenders) and environmental (air pollution, acoustic pollution, accumulation of rubbish) index.
Discussion of Results & In general, Most of residents of the city are not satisfied of security. This study showed that the characteristics of urban places like the social conditions, the formation of spaces and the application of urban spaces affect the amount of security in the city of Gods. Also, the current study revealed that whatever the rate of commuter is higher in the urban spaces, the citizens feel more secure. In some street like Taleghani and Azadi avenues the commuter is low, which suggests the lack of attraction is their business activities with the needs and demands of the citizens. The contrary, a relatively high amount of commuter on the streets of Emamzadeh and Sajjad that can be due to the land uses of such training centers are consistent with the demand of citizens. In the workshop area and the subsidiary passages commuting of citizens especially women is very low. Therefore, the results obtained that the routes of city is essential in maintaining the sense security for citizens. Route resolution of day and night, removing physical barriers and annoying land users along the sidewalks and proper design of flooring has caused the pedestrian to feel safer use of the spaces.
In the social and economic indicator central quarter of the city ranked first and the last rank achieved Sorkhehesar. The formation of new quarters, "Cuye-Farhangian" and "Simetri-shora" with a relatively strong socio-economic structure in the city's central quarters has been effective in increasing its rank. But semi-rural structure in the quarter of Sorkhehesar has a significant effect in reducing its rank.
In general, central quarter is new with proper distribution of land use, high density construction and favorable socio-economic and environmental indicators is the greatest quarter of the city. Most immigrants live in the southwest of the city with chaotic structure and the most disadvantaged quarter in terms of indices sense of security.

Measure to evaluate the quality urban environment and inhabitants of their home environment can be considered as one of the most important determinants of urban planning objectives. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors affecting residential residents can analyze the current status of residence, future decisions to improve the quality of residential areas and avoid duplication of defects in other places be effective. Since today's urban environment in historical neighborhoods often provide the conditions in which people with adverse environmental conditions such as noise, odor, and air pollution, external security, overcrowding, and lack of waste facilities are facing. Therefore, handling and quality management in urban residential environment will be critical in this part of town. This is due to the environment of other aspects of life, Specific nature of the residential environment, the increasing role of urban residential environment as the main habitat for humans and the number of people who dominate the residential environment city have a negative impact, it is important.This is due to the importance of other aspects of the environment, the specific nature of the residential environment, the increasing role of urban residential environment as a basic human habitat and the number of people who prevailing conditions of the environment, city, residential negative impact have important 's. This study was a descriptive - analytical study in terms of aims, is applied to assess the quality of the urban environment in one of the oldest neighborhoods of Tehran called Nafarabad two levels of the urban environment and residential environment based on physical indices - spatial, social and cultural environment is discussed. The study, a cross - the target is applied. The required data library and field methods have been collected through a questionnaire. The population size of 13,667 people and the specimens using Cochran formula, 262 samples were estimated using simple random sampling, the samples were selected. According to the proposed hypothesis, a questionnaire containing 68 questions was devised. According to the selection criteria of those who have been selected as the sample population were completed. Based on Likert scale questions (5 options) are set and measured parameters are reflected in the form of questions. In this case the respondent on each factor range from very low to very high 5 -choice is clear. The first part of the routine, general questions must be included. This section consists of 7 questions including questions about demographic characteristics of citizens such as age, sex; marital status, place of birth, educational status, employment status and income have been studied. Ask the Expert section 2 Group 1 - the quality of the urban environment with three physical parameters - spatial , environmental and socio 2 - Quality of living environments are divided . Assessed using Cronbach's alpha was found to have the validity of the questionnaire is required. The value of this ratio to 0/78. The Cronbach alpha coefficient equal to 0/8 is higher, and finally using SPSS, using factor analysis, the data were analyzed. Results of one sample t-tests and analyzes carried out show that the parameters of the physical environment of space, out of quality buildings and public spaces and green spaces in the lowest and the average quality of access roads is located at a much higher level. This indicates that citizens living in the historic context of the neighborhood Nafarabad less satisfied with their physical urban space. Barren and desolate areas and abandoned buildings, heterogeneity buildings, narrow streets, dark and low latitudes and the lack of public spaces and green neighborhood residents have access to public spaces and green are over long distances. All these factors indicate a low quality of physical space is an old tissue. However, the quality of and access roads, and commercial center due to its position in the neighborhood is high Rey. Among the environmental indicators, the average quality of unpleasant odor in the lowest and the highest average noise is allocated. This reflects the dissatisfaction of citizens residing on the historic fabric of the neighborhood is Nafarabad environmental factors. Unpleasant odors, harmful animals, graffiti, etc. Environmental pollution has created. Among the social factors - cultural, average quality, feel secure in the lowest and the highest average of sense of place has been given . The low level of sense of security in this neighborhood because of the move  populated areas of the neighborhood and consequently altering the social structure and demographics , cultural diversity , there are thugs in the neighborhood,  ( residents strongly about it in a pinch , and complain about it ) , interruptions to pride ( the intense fear and concern from people about it too much ). Car theft or theft from home (The lives of citizens in a community atmosphere which overshadowed) the dark streets and alleys and citizen's fear of drug dealing or taking it as well as conflict and , ... Is that the police should be stationed at the neighborhood level and provide useful services. Among the indicators of quality of living environment, quality of maintenance costs at the lowest level to the highest levels of quality and size of the building is located. Aging buildings, dating high buildings, proper use of standard materials and ... Resulted in enormous costs for citizens to address the quality of the residential environment and the residents should have been spending a lot of money to burn their buildings. Overall, we conclude that the historical neighborhood of residential environment quality standards and the quality of the urban environment, the situation is in turmoil. Index also shows that despite the low quality of the physical environment - climate, environmental and residential environment, social and cultural indicators were satisfactory level Given that most of the old texture and give the necessary facilities can increase the quality of their environment.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Chir99021 on ovine fetal marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) expansion in culture.
Material and BM-MSCs were isolated from ovine fetal and cultured. Passaged-3 cells were examined for their differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes. In the present study, BM-MSCs from ovine fetal were plated in the presence of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3 and 5 μM of Chir9902. During the cultivation period, the cultures were statistically compared in terms of induces of cell growth including the number of colonies, population doubling number (PDN), doubling time (DT) and the number of viable cells. Furthermore, expression of the beta-catenin was evaluated. The culture without Chir99021 was taken as the control group.
Our findings indicated that, addition of 0.5 and 1 µM of Chir99021 to medium significantly improved overall proliferation compared to that of control group as well as 5µM of Chir99021(p In conclusion, using Chir99021 at concentration of 1 μM could enhance in vitro proliferation of ovine fetal BM-MSC; however administration of high concentration of this small molecule had toxic effects on these cells proliferation.