لیلا قنبری

Currently, the presence of emerging forms of media and its characteristics (flexibility, diverse content, engagement, interaction, more movements and maneuvers, and broader discourse of users that characterize the use of new media platforms) are considered the main concerns of media practitioners. Since the media, in all its forms, seek to attract the attention of the audience, attracting and retaining the audience for a media such as the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) is also vital. Therefore, identifying the factors that attract the audience is necessary. One of the effective methods for attracting the audience is to use the capacities and opportunities available in social media. In this study, the role that social media can play in attracting the audience for the national media is examined and presented in the form of a model. The research method is qualitative, and it is based on grounded theory. Data were extracted through theoretical sampling through in-depth interviews with 16 experts, including university faculty members, managers and experts of the IRIB, program makers, and celebrities. Based on the findings, social media can play an effective role in attracting audiences for the IRIB and this media can achieve results such as commitment, trust, loyalty, maximum audience attraction, satisfaction, creativity and innovation, and internal motivation of the audience, by adopting some strategies. These strategies include reconsideration of the processes and policies in dealing with social media, improving the media literacy of audiences in using social media content, content marketing strategy in social media, and using social media as a tool for shaping the public sphere in order to create discourse and reflect public issues affecting society that are raised in all media.

Due to the effects of COVID-9 , health care workers, including nurses, faced many psychological challenges, including death anxiety. This study aims to determine the death anxiety level of nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) for COVID-19 patients in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 179 nurses working in the ICUs for COVID-19 patients in two hospitals located in Tehran and Qom cities. Continuous sampling method was used for their selection. Data collection was done using a demographic form and Templer's 15-item death anxiety scale. 

The mean death anxiety score of nurses was 8.74±2.007 out of 15, which is higher than the median score (i.e., 7.5). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the death anxiety score was significantly different between nurses only in terms of age (P=0.000). Tukey's post hoc test showed that the mean DAS score in nurses aged 30-39 was lower than in nurses aged ≥40 years and <30 years. There was no statistically significant difference in death anxiety between nurses in terms of other demographic factors (P>0.05). 

The nurses working in ICUs experienced a high level of death anxiety during the COVID-19 in Iran. It is necessary that the policy makers and educational, medical or hospital managers develop educational and interventional programs including online in-service programs or educational booklets to help nurses overcome the COVID-19-related conditions.

Deep sense plays a significant role in sensory control feedback, joint stability, coordination and balance. Despite the important role of vision and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on functional skills in athletes, a few studies have been conducted in this regard. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercises on dynamic visual acuity and performance of young female basketball players.

In this is semi-experimental study, 34 young basketball players were randomly classified into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the participants were involved the program of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. Moreover, in the control group, the participants performed their own daily routine exercises. Harrison Basketball Skills was used for measuring the sport performances. Also, dynamic visual acuity was measured by the PowerPoint. The SPSS software (version 23) was used for statistical analysis.

The results implied that PNF exercises resulted in a significant increase in the Sport performance and dynamic visual acuity in the intervention group. A statistically significant difference was observed in the Sport performance and dynamic visual acuity between the intervention and control groups before doing the exercise protocol.

It can be concluded that the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation can be used to enhance the performance and dynamic visual acuity in basketball players and other dynamic sports.

Balance disorder is one of the most common problems in the elderly, leading to falls and serious injuries. One of the most important issues in the health of the elderly is balance and its related components. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess balance function tests, the relationship between age and anthropometric index, and perform equilibrium tests using structural equation modeling.

A total of 136 elderly men and women living in a retirement home in Hamadan were included in this cross-sectional study. Balance function tests included finger-to-nose test, maintaining balance on one foot, standing up and walking tests, and heel-toe walking tests. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equation model with 95% confidence using SPSS (version 23) and EQS (version 6.1) software.

The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants in this study was 66.05±2.83 and out of 136 patients, 77 (56.62%) cases were female. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of men and women in balance performance tests. In the Finger-to-nose test, women with the dominant and non-dominant hand performed the test in less time, and in other tests, the men performed faster. The intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient obtained in all tests showed high repeatability of these tests. The coefficients obtained from the structural equation model showed that for every one year increase in age, the motor index and the anthropometric index increased and decreased significantly by 0.68 and 0.60 units, respectively. There was a decrease of 0.06 units in the mean of equilibrium performance tests. The model of fitted structural equations was confirmed based on the fitted goodness index (χ2 was not significant total, (0.095-0.077) 0.089: RMSEA, 0.918CFI: and GFI: 0.908).

Age and gender were effective on balance function tests and anthropometric indices. The mean motor index and anthropometric index increased and decreased significantly for every one year increase in age. Furthermore, among the balance performance tests, the most difficult test was related to standing on one leg.

Hemodialysis is the most common treatment in renal patients as it improves the quality of life and reduces the complications of renal failure. Insufficient dialysis is one of the most important causes of disability and death in dialysis patients.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The number of samples was 41 patients undergoing hemodialysis selected for dialysis for more than three months and were chosen by the census method. Data were collected through a researcher-made demographic questionnaire. Dialysis adequacy was calculated using Kt /v and URR parameters. Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS 22 software.

The results showed that the minimum and maximum KT/V index were 0.24 and 3.12, respectively, the mean was 1.28 ±0.The mean total URR of patients was 66.83 ±14.23, and the lowest URR was 12.60, and the highest was 94.30%. Mean blood urea nitrogen was reported to be 273.63± 0.23 before dialysis and 63.17± 5.23 after dialysis.

The present study showed that more than half of the patients(64%) on hemodialysis had good dialysis adequacy, but in 36% of patients, dialysis adequacy was not sufficient; Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions to improve the duration of dialysis and blood flow, the type of filter, etc. as the influential primary factors.

From the travelogues of Western tourists, physicians, etc. physicians in the Qajar era can be deduced as follows: that throughout the geography of Iran, the situation of all types of diseases and patients did not have the same conditions. Due to the geographical dispersion as well as cultural facilities and resistance, the health and treatment of Iranians in different parts of Iran was in very different conditions. The proximity to the capital and the western and maritime borders provided special conditions that varied greatly in the incidence and severity of the disease and its lethality. If we want to list one by one the problems faced by the Qajar kings, it has been one of the most important health problems and treatment of various diseases. The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases on the one hand and the ineffectiveness of traditional medicine methods on the other hand And the occasional outbreak of infectious diseases put a lot of pressure on different strata. In this article, by studying the western travelogues of the Qajar period, we intend to study the health of Iran in that period and the position of traditional physicians and their type of treatment (which was based on Galenian medicine of four natures) and its degree of fusion with superstition magic. Let's examine the extent of the deviations and errors of traditional medicine in the treatment of society's diseases, and why traditional physicians have insisted on these errors and the ways they went wrong. What harms they did to individuals and society, and along with it medicine. What has been the basis of modern treatment methods and the reasons for its acceptance by society? To what extent has the role of Europeans and, above all, European physicians in the process of modernization of traditional medicine? And what have been the most important deterrents and facilitators of society in the modernization of traditional medicine? How has modern medicine been more successful over time than traditional medicine? Finally, we can use library resources to study modern and traditional medicine in the Qajar period based on Western travelogues and with a descriptive and analytical method to compare and observe the available resources and facts and unspoken facts about the role of European physicians and the need We recounted the people who could not be met by traditional medicine in order to reach the correct reasons for accepting traditional medicine in the society of Iran at that time.

Considering the important role of the scapula in the glenohumeral joint movements, its position on the thorax can affect the function of the joint. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive relationship of the strength and glenohumeral rotation range of motion (ROM) with scapular dyskinesis (SD) in female athletes with overhead-throwing pattern. The present study was a descriptive-correlational research on 60 athletic female in volleyball, handball, basketball and badminton. The Lateral scapular slide test was used to examine SD. the dynamometer and goniometer were used to measure the strength and glenohumeral rotation ROM respectively. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and multiple regression tests. The correlation coefficients between SD and the glenohumeral internal rotation ROM (r=-0.734; p=0.000), the glenohumeral external rotation ROM (r=0.693; p=0.001), the glenohumeral internal rotation strength (r=0.674; p=0.005) and the glenohumeral external rotation strength (r=-0.719; p=0.001) were significant. Analysis of the research model showed that about one-third (30.1%) of total changes in SD were dependent on the independent variables mentioned in this regression model. therefore, screening of  athletes with overhead-throwing pattern must be taken into consideration in order to recognize SD, and participate in corrective exercises to increase the glenohumeral internal rotation ROM and the glenohumeral external rotator muscles strength.

Resistance and self-defense to enemies have always been considered as one of the innate human characteristics from the very beginning. In Islamic religion, that its comprehensiveness is all-round and precise, this important topic has been addressed to Muslims. Islam is a religion of kindness and love, and its purpose is to attract the maximum of enemies to religion, but in areas where the enemy intends to destroy religion and Muslims, Islam expresses serious endurance and resistance programs. In the Qur'an there are several verses in various positions emphasizing this principle. Imam Ali (as), who as spoken Quran and wise and agent to the Qur'an, he has always paid attention to this principle, and during his entire life, God has placed the principle of endurance against enemies as his own. Imam Ali (AS) from the time of the Prophet (pbuh) until the rule of justice focused on resistance against enemies alluded his companions to resistance and perseverance. The foundations of resistance from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS) can be stated in such a way that in confronting enemies they were as much as possible demanding peace, compromise and without bleeding and war, and with strong arguments tried to guide the enemies and, in the absence of cooperation, ordered The war was exported. The current research has described descriptive-analytical methods of resistance and perseverance strategies from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS) and has referred to the most important solutions and examples of resistance in this regard.

Transcendent Allah cites himself in Holy Quran in sole speaker and sometimes in plural form; there is no doubt in sole speaker. But in plural form citation the main matter is the coincidence of plural form and Allah's monotheism. Scholars and intellectuals offer and express different interpretations and analyses. The present article studies this vital issue by emphasizing eloquence and interpretation scholars. Plural form citation of Allah is applied in Holy Quran for some important reasons such as: to express Allah's Greatness, to honor divine actions, to point out Allah's Great adjectives, to express Angel's roles and etc.

Zahabi describes the concept of individual interpretation in two ways in the Book "Altafsir va Almofaserun": The praiseworthy interpretation and the blameworthy one. He mentions these two kinds evidently and then introduces the various commentaries belonged to the Ashāri's ideology praiseworthily and the others blameworthily. Moreover, Zahabi pointing to the commentators of other religions such as Shiēt besides investigating their interpretations, accuses them to impose their own individual reproachable ideas on verses; for example, according to his evaluation of the Tathir Verse commentary in the Book "Majmā Albayan", he considers the Tabresi's comment being related to the innocence or chastity of Ahl-e-Beit a blameworthy interpretation and believes this interpreter has imposed his private idea on the so-called verse.
Categorization, the identification of evidence plus the case study of Tathir Verse are the main processes used in the recent article to criticize that opinion. At first, it should be noted that categorizing the individual interpretation concept to praiseworthiness and blameworthiness not only is not correct but also is opposed to reliably rational reasons; in other words, referring to different commentaries as praiseworthy or blameworthy ones results from a prejudgment or the condition with no scientific judgment or even recognition about the other basics of reproachable interpretations.
Second, being wrong the viewpoint of Zahabi and his accusation to the Shiēt commentators in this field are proved through analyzing the Tathir Verse carefully in accordance with the valid references in different religions

Razavi Culture deriving from the theoretical, practical life of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and also religious doctrines includes a group of beliefs, values and all the things are true or false. Related to this culture, prayer is considered a commandment or a divine order making humans’ life with the Islamic concept. On the one hand, this command is taken into account as a practical component in life style, on the other hand, it is an indicator for the different dimensions of life to be formed and directed in the Islamic way. Moreover, institutionalizing worshippers’ beliefs, it causes them to testify their important faith per day and night. Through making an actual relationship between the creator and creatures as well as preparing some behavioral approaches, prayer keeps worshippers and their life steadfast under the most tension-filled conditions, too. This religious order not only presents or describes socio-practical approaches effectively in life but also changes the generalities and specifics of Islamic life style to a real structure.
In the recent article, emphasized in the Razavi Culture, impressive and favorable prayer principles have been analyzed in 3 aspects:1- The importance of performing prayer foremost
2- Presence of heart
3- Congregational prayer
Which role prayer characteristics play in individual and social life has been discussed here, as well.
As shown by the results reported in this research, since prayer consists of special components in the Razavi Culture, it is a religious element guiding both personal and social life. In other words, this concept can provide useful features for each person and even the whole society to be blissful and matured.

Fadakiyeh Sermon is one of the most reliable Hazrateh Zahra’s sermons which was given after Prophet Mohammad (Pbuh)’s demise. The profound and meaningful effect of this sermon can be found in all domains and has brought about profound insights into doctrinal, juristic, and particularly political dimensions. Conveying theses insights in those crises and telling all the whole truth were difficult, but by drawing on the Quranic verses and prophet Mohammad (Pbuh)‘s tradition, Hazrateh Zahra (Pbuh) presented her proofs to them in an artistic and significant way so that not only were the meanings conveyed, but also the addressees were able to visualize the important events of that time in an artistic way. In terms of art and eloquence, the sermon has a coherent and unique texture in a way that the sonic features of the words and sentences and the repetition of some sounds, words, phrases, syllables, along with interesting figures of speech like rhyme and pun have increased its rhythm. These phrases are full of various literary and technical images which give life to them.

Wheat take-all, caused by Gaemannomyces graminis var. tritici, has been observed in recent years in different areas of Iran. In this study, in order to investigate the possibility of biological control of pathogen, seven isolates Trichoderma include T. harzianum S, T. harzianum A, T. harzianum M, T. koningi, T. longibrachiatum and T. virens and four isolates of Talaromyces include Talaromyces flavus 134, Talaromyces flavus 136, Talaromyces flavus 75 and Talaromyces flavus 60 used against the pathogen by extracellular fluid method in vitro condition. The experiment was arranged as randomized complete design with 3 replication. The effect of extracellular fluid of antagonistic isolates on mycelia growth of Ggt indicated that the extracellular fluid of Talaromyces flavus 136، T. harzianum and T. harzianum S isolates the rate of 5 ml after 72 hours of rate (41/51, 40/88 and 37/73 %) and T. longibrachiatum isolate at rate of 10 ml at two times of measurement (52/83 and 52/38%) had the most inhibition effect on the growth of pathogen. This study has been the first study related to biological control of wheat take-all by T. flavus.

The aim of this study was to relationship some of personal characteristics، birth order and time of birth with sporting success athlete adolescent girls'' markazi province. Research Method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research formed 133 athlete adolescent girl participated in province scholastic competitions. The sampling to method all count was done. Data collected by sport success questionnaire dyuda and nichols to assess the sporting success and a of individual information questionnaire the researcher made to get information about history of sport parental، type of marriage parental، socio-economic base parental، birth order and time of birth. Research data analyzed by descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) and iinferential (spearman correlation test). The results showed thatthe highest frequency percentage athletes was observed among families first childrens and in the cold half of year and with parents having regular physical activity and of non-consanguineous marriage and social- economic base medium. Results using of spearman correlation test has not been significant.

Critical Discourse Analysis intends to reveal the interaction between language, power and ideology. To do so, it tries to uncover the discursive features by which power and ideology are inherent in language. CDA has been usually applied to political texts. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the discursive features in juvenile's and adult's short stories to find how and to what extent, literature writers use these features and conceal their ideas. To this end, 10 adult's and 10 juvenile's short stories were selected. Discursive features in these texts were examined on the basis of Van Leewen's model. T-unit was utilized to determine the length of the stories. Then, the percentage of the discursive features was determined in both kinds of stories. Also chi-square (X2) was calculated to show the significance of the differences between the two groups of books. The results are as follows:1.In literature, there are some other discursive features which are used for concealment.2.The difference between juvenile and adult short stories in using the discursive features is not significant.3. Adult short stories apply more discursive features than juvenile short stories.4.There are more literary features in juvenile's short stories than adult's ones.5.Discursive features in literature are not used to conceal the reality, but to reveal and emphasize it.6.Literary texts can also be used to exert power for political purposes.