لیلا موسوی

For every human the world of Zar’ is a matter of individuality. This means that before his physical body enters this world, he seems to enter into a covenant with God. The universe is not visible and observable. How we could understand it, that a person comes to the universe pure and inherently pure, but according to the conditions and tests that are determined for him by God, sometimes he is able to fight against the soul. He is not a sinner and he falls into the well of humiliation. But the time of repentance is the return to the world of God, the moment when he receives the divine messages and makes a new covenant with his Lord. The meaning of Alast is taken from the Qur'anic verse. This issue has been discussed alot in mysticism, literature and mystical texts. Poets, mystics, and philosophers have studied this issue from their own perspective, and all have unanimously come to the conclusion that this is the timeless time in which God willed to reveal His servant to Himself, to confess His Lordship, and to serve Him. In this research, an attempt has been made to make a brief analysis of the word “Alast” and examine it from the perspective of philosophy and mysticism, the expression of theories, and Attar's view on this important issue

Determining the range of thermal comfort in the outdoor space is complicated, and since the presence of thermal comfort helps more people to be in the outdoor space, it is important. In the current research, it has been tried to determine the thermal comfort limit of people in the outdoor space of traditional and restored buildings in the hot and dry climate of Yazd city. For this purpose, a field monitoring was carried out in the hot season of the five central courtyards of the Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture as buildings that have been changed from residential to educational use, which includes the measurement of climatic information at the same time as the completion of 389 thermal comfort questionnaires by the students of the faculty; Then, with the help of Ray Man and SPSS software, the obtained information was analyzed and after checking the linear regression charts, the range of thermal comfort for people in the central courtyards of the faculty as a microclimate in the hot and dry area of ​​Yazd city between the range of 16.5-28 degrees Celsius based on the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET) was obtained. Due to the fact that the combination of climatic and geographical factors for each specific region will lead to a different understanding of the thermal comfort conditions for the people of that community, this comfort range is different from the comfort ranges in other regions that have been determined in numerous researches. From the comparison of the studied yards, it was found that the more the yard has a height-to-width ratio and the more enclosed it is, the more shade it will receive and, finally,more thermal comfort during the day and night for the hot days of the year.

The aim of this study was to evaluate endurance training and nettle consumption on the expression of caspase 8 and p53 genes in mice with melanoma.

The subjects included male Wistar rats that were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract, after two weeks of adjustment. Exercise program included 30 minute of running on a treadmill without incline at a speed of 16 meters per minute for the first week, and one meter per minute was added every week until it reached 22 meters per minute in the eighth week. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg / kg / day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR was used to evaluate gene expression.

The use of nettle extract and endurance training significantly increased the level of caspase 8 and P53 in rats with melanoma in different groups (p=0.047, p=0.03, respectively). Also, there was a significant difference in the gene expression level of caspase 8 and p53 between the control group and train and extract groups (p=0.039, p=0.017, respectively).

The results showed that physical training and consumption of nettle extract could possibly be effective in the expression of p53 as an inhibitor and the expression of caspase-8 as a primer in apoptotic function and the treatment of melanoma cancer.

Minimizing the use of fossil fuels and replacing them with non-renewable energies can play an essential role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Considering Iran's potential for using solar energy, passive solar systems can be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector. The outer skin of the building determines the energy exchange between the outside and inside environments and governs energy consumption. Therefore, in this research, the potential of using a double-skin facade to reduce energy consumption for office use in a hot and dry climate (Yazd) has been discussed. Also, by changing the geometry and material of the double-skin facade, an optimal model of the double-skin facade for the office spaces of Yazd City will be presented, which will reduce the cooling and heating loads of the building. For this purpose, simulation has been used in the Design Builder software. The presented model reduces the total load of cooling and heating by 68% compared to the case without a double skin-facade. If photovoltaic panels are used on the south front of the double-skin facade (according to the geometry provided) as shading, the total cooling and heating load is reduced by 61%, and 2.77 times the heating and cooling load energy is produced. Photovoltaic panels work best at an angle 10–15 degrees higher than latitude.

Cooling systems in hot and arid climate buildings play a significant role in climate change due to their high water and energy consumption. Although evaporative coolers are effective at cooling the space, they are often uncontrollable and ineffective during periods of low cooling demand, which can result in overcooling of the indoor space. Previous studies have paid less attention to reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling systems. Therefore, a study has been conducted to propose a hybrid cooling system for reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling of buildings in hot and arid climates. This study aims to add new features to the existing cooling system in hot and arid climates, transforming it into a more suitable cooling system that can significantly reduce water and energy consumption while improving indoor thermal conditions.

This study was conducted on a sample residential building in the hot and arid climate of Yazd City for five days (24 hours per day in August and September). The building had a 3D panel structure, which acted as an insulator. A field study was conducted during the summer season in two similar rooms. Environmental indicators, such as temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and water consumption by the evaporative cooler, were measured using relevant devices. The experiment consisted of two stages: evaluating the initial state of the rooms and assessing the performance of the evaporative cooler and hybrid system compared to one-sided natural ventilation.

When the rooms were examined for uniformity, among the three tested states, one-sided natural ventilation and evaporative cooling based on natural ventilation had little effect on reducing the space temperature, and only the evaporative cooler had an effective role in reducing the room's temperature. By using the evaporative cooler for 24 hours, on average, the temperature reduction was 8°C compared to the one-sided natural ventilation, and the relative humidity increased by 23%. The measurements indicated that during a 24-hour period, the evaporative cooler consumed 290 liters of water and 10kWh of electricity.

The performance of evaporative cooling systems was compared to one-sided natural ventilation as the base case. The proposed hybrid system achieved an average temperature reduction of 5.5 °C and an increase in relative humidity of 16-18 % compared to the one-sided natural ventilation. While the hybrid system had lower temperature fluctuations compared to the evaporative cooler, on average, the temperature decreased more and the relative humidity increased more with the use of the evaporative cooler. By examining the effect of this issue on the room, the evaporative cooler's performance was excessive most of the time, making it unsuitable for providing thermal comfort. In contrast, the hybrid system provided better thermal comfort than the evaporative cooler in most hours, even with an outdoor environment temperature ranging from 32°C to 30°C. Using the hybrid system instead of the evaporative cooler can reduce electricity consumption by 74% and water consumption by 96%. In other words, it reduced water consumption to 10 liters/day and electricity consumption to 2.6 kWh. Importantly, this system is designed with auxiliary fans and components related to the evaporative cooler, and it can be easily implemented as a simple and low-cost solution with high performance and a low payback period without creating limitations in the design. Therefore, it will be a suitable replacement for current mechanical evaporative cooling systems for the afternoon, evening, and early morning hours (between 18:00 to 08:00) in warm summer and spring months.

People's way of life is based on culture and values, since different cultures are created from different human societies, that's why we see different styles of life. One of these styles is the Islamic lifestyle, which means a lifestyle based on Islamic teachings and values. The purpose of this research is to draw and analyze the scientific map and conceptual network of Islamic lifestyle research. The present research method is descriptive and with a scientific approach. The statistical population of this research includes all the English-language articles published in the subject area of ​​Islamic lifestyle, which have been indexed in the Scopus database between 1980 and the first six months of 2023, and includes 270 documents.

Turkey, with the production and publication of 43 works, ranks first, and Iran, with the production and publication of 38 works, ranks second among active and core countries in this field. Also, the analysis and drawing of the conceptual network and the scientific map of Islamic lifestyle publications showed that concepts such as woman, man, psyche, behavior and religion have created the most occurrences with Islam and represent the effective keywords of Islamic lifestyle research; Therefore, the application of the results of the present research provides an objective and real insight to scientific and religious researchers and planners in determining research and implementation strategies in the field of Islamic lifestyle.

Monotheism as the central pillar of Islam was profit Mohammad’s mission and vision statements. If monotheism wouldn’t be the front and center, the other pillars of Islam couldn’t be persuaded. Monotheism is the most important doctrine amongst Muslim mystics as Joneid Baghdadi,Molana referred to it as a prosperous topic in discussions on related subject matters. Each person has a special attitude towards the category of monotheism and puts himself in a way to reach it. Mental silence and thinking in the horizons and souls from the point of view of mystics is one of the best ways to understand monotheism. Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, one of the most well-known Muslim Sufi saints, had monotheism in all his work and publications. Attar Neishabouri also beautifully brought monotheism and pantheism into his magnificent versified literature. Attar Neishabouri (passed away 618 Hejri Ghamari) was a mystic poet who explicitly and gorgeously teased apart the monotheism in detail. This research intends to conduct a comparative analysis on Attar Neishabouri’s and Khajeh Abdollah Ansari’s literature and poems.

Purpose‌‌‌‌:

Low back pain is one of the most common, debilitating, and costly health problems. Repetitive movements, improper lifting of objects, obesity, severe trauma or aging can cause disc herniation. Disc herniation occurs when the disc comes out of place or protrudes and puts pressure on nearby nerves or nerve roots. The present study evaluated the effects of 6 weeks of Pilate’s rehabilitation exercises on disability, flexibility of the trunk, strength, and endurance of the core muscles in women with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods‌‌‌‌:

Thirty women with lumbar disc herniation were purposefully and randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n=15, age: 55.6 years; height: 1.61 meters; weight: 66.2 kg) and control (n=15, age: 56/4 years ; height: 1/7 meters ; weight: 67/4 kg). Disability, flexibility of the trunk, strength and endurance of the core muscles, were measured with the oswestery questionnaire, the Schubert test, the Hundred Pilates test, and the Planck McGill test, respectively. The experimental group performed Pilate’s rehabilitation exercises for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 60 minutes per session. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test at a level of 5% error and using SPSS software version 22.

Results‌‌‌‌:

Pilates largely avoids high impact, high power output, and heavy muscular and skeletal loading. Pilates largely avoids high impact, high power output, and heavy muscular and skeletal loading.

Conclusion‌‌‌‌:

Due to the effective results of Pilates rehabilitation exercises, these exercises can probably be used to improve the symptoms of people with lumbar disc herniation. ‌‌‌‌‌

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, which is made up of melanin pigment cells.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance training and nettle consumption on BCL-2 and TNF-α gene expression in mice with melanoma.

The subjects included male Wistar rats that after two weeks of adjustment were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. Exercise program included 30 minute of running on a treadmill was steep and at a speed of 16 meters per minute for the first week, and every week one meter per minute was added until the eighth week it reached 22 meters per minute. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg / kg / day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR was used to measure gene expression.

Data analysis showed that consumption of nettle extract and endurance training significantly reduced the expression level of BCL-2 and TNF-α genes in mice with melanoma in different groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.025, respectively). The results also showed that the difference in the level of changes in BCL-2 and TNF-α gene expression between the exercise and extract group with the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.014, respectively) was significantly reduced.

Regular physical activity combined with consumption of nettle extract can probably reduce anti-apoptotic factors and cause apoptosis in cancer cells by reducing inflammatory factors.

Borderline ovarian tumors make a small contribution to the ovarian pathologies; however, with regard to the prevalence of this malignancy at reproductive age, prognosis and standard treatment of these patients are of great significance in oncology trials. The present study aimed to introduce two patients with borderline ovarian tumors to examine the prognosis determinants based on similar studies. In the winter of 2018, two patients with similar medical history of ovarian cysts diagnosed in 2016 with stage I epithelial ovarian tumor (borderline) pathology referred to an emergency department in a university hospital. The first patient was a 29-year-old woman. Following the surgery to preserve her fertility, the mentioned patient experienced relapse and metastases without any proper responses to treatment. Despite all the efforts of the medical team, the patient died due to the severity of her disease. The other patient was a 26-year-old woman, who was admitted at 36th week of pregnancy with the diagnosis of preeclampsia, and delivered a 2800-gram healthy boy. Although it seems that borderline tumor is distinct from other ovarian malignancies in term of prognosis, based on the present case report, the prognosis must be investigated in each patient in individualize manner.

Grave's disease is the most common cause (85% of all cases) of thyrotoxicosis in women in childbearing age. Many of the symptoms are similar to hyper-metabolic status during pregnancy. The cause of the disease is autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. Hyperthyroidism is uncommon in pregnancy and its prevalence is 0.1-%0.4. In this paper we introduce a patient who was admitted with a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and treatment with final diagnosis of thyroid storm and was discharged with good condition.
In the first pregnancy of a 29-year-old woman with gestation age of 31 weeks was referred to obstetric emergency unit Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in March 2015. She had Grave’s disease in her past medical history which was treated with methimazole before pregnancy and propylthiouracil (PTU) during pregnancy. In admission, she presented with tachycardia and tachypnea and hypertension and lower extremity edema. During pregnancy, she used propantheline instead of propylthiouracil due to pharmacy mistake. She admitted in Intensive care unit. After rule out of pulmonary embolism, ultrasonography showed a fetus with 30 weeks of gestational age with an approximate weight of 1680 grams. The amniotic fluid was reduced. She was treated with thyroid storm diagnosis due to a medication error. In serial obstetric visits fetal heart rate was not detected. Due to the fetal death, the pregnancy was terminated. Hyperthyroid therapy continued with PTU after delivery. She was discharged with a good general condition.
Despite the rarity of thyroid storm during pregnancy, in the event of unstable hemodynamic condition and cardiac dysfunction in pregnant women, rule out of thyroid disorders should be considered. Clinician should be paid attention to past drug history and underline disease of patient.

Amphetamine and methamphetamine are man-made materials. They were only used as drugs at the beginning, but gradually outspreaded as psychedelics because of their sympathomimetic effects. Different studies have shown that the frequency of amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse has been increasing; also, there is a close relationship in amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse with psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse in psychiatric inpatients and evaluate the effects of different factors on that.
In this cross-sectional-descriptive study, 2543 patients were admitted to the psychiatric ward of Hamadan Farshchian hospital in 2013; in order to evaluate amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse, they were enrolled. For detection of amphetamine and methamphetamine, urine test using immunochemical and chromatographic methods was conducted.
The frequency of amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse in psychiatric inpatients was 7.3% (186 cases). Most of the abusers were male (87%), young (mean age: 36 years) and married (60%). However, there was no significant association between age, gender, marital status and frequency of abuse (P > 0.05). Half of abusers were unemployed and 67% of them did not have high school diploma. The most important psychiatric disorder among the abusers of these two substances was bipolar mood disorder (65.1%). Moreover, in this study, there was no significant association between amphetamine and methamphetamine test results (P > 0.05).
The results showed that the frequency of amphetamine and methamphetamine abuse in psychiatric patients was more than other people and patients with mood disorders were at a greater risk. Furthermore, this study indicated that the prevalence of abuse of these substances among females has increased compared to previous studies.

Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by double- antibody sandwich enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.

Elatostema umbellatum and Pilea microphyllaare two different genuses from the nettle family, Urticaceae which are found in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia. The cytotoxic effects of these two species were investigated by the brine shrimp lethality assay. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of these plants which naturally grow wild in Malaysia and has not been focused on cytotoxicity activity.Brine shrimp lethality assay was selected due to determine the cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemiasalina.Two out of sixteen extracts namely CEPM II (chloroform extract of P. microphylla from extraction method II) and MEEU II (methanol extract of E. umbellatum from extraction method II) showed low LC50 values at 46.70µg/mL and 57.62 µg/mL, respectively. However, HEPM I (hexane extract of P. microphylla from extraction method I) showed the highest LC50 value (5742 µg/mL). Also it can be concluded that the extraction method which using separatory funnel performance was much better than the first method of extraction using only Soxhlet.Generally, crude extracts from E. umbellatum were showed higher cytotoxicity activity. Although both plants can be used as the potent cytotoxic plants for more specific tests such as anticancer activity.

Cicatricial alopecia refers to lesions that result in permanent and irreversible hair loss and are associated with destruction of hair follicles. In this alopecias the hair follicle is replaced with connective tissue. After remission of initial infection or inflammation، hair regrowth is unlikely. In this retrospective cross-sectional study، 222 patients with cicatricial alopecia، admitted to Farshchian Hospital، Hamadan، Iran were investigated. Hospital records of patients with cicatricial alopecia were reviewed، and their demographic as well as clinical data were extracted and entered into prepared data gathering forms. One-hundred and ten patients (49. 5%) had discoid lupus erythematosus، 71 patients (31. 9%) had lichen planopilaris، 23 patients (10. 4%) had pseudopelade of Brocq، 11 patients (4. 9%) had keratosis pilaris spinulosa decalvans and 3 patients (1. 3%) had central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Each of alopecia mucinosa and dissecting cellulitis/folliculitis were observed in 2 patients (0. 9%). The correlation between of illness، extent of disease، gender، location، occupation، and clinical features of the disease were studied. Cicatricial alopecia usually results in irreversible hair loss، but early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the progression of the lesions and its complications. The diagnosis of this disease is possible with a clinicopathologic study.

The symbiotic arbascular mycorrhizal vesicular fungi caused growth improvement of plants and increased uptake some minerals by plants، and also improve the water relations of plants and protect them against diseases. In this study، Kiasar forest area selected due to abundant variety of plant species which located in northern part of Damghan city in Semnan province. About 56 sample collections were done in spring 1390. Almost 14 species of trees in this area were examined for the percentage of relative frequency، density accumulation، accumulation of abundance، species richness and evenness indices were calculated. The highest average of spore population with a mean 1382. 35 spores per 300 g soil sample was achieved followed by other soil samples from European black alder، wild myrobalan plum and orientalis beech. The highest rates of prevalence mycorrhizal (%F) and the average of accumulation mycorrhizal density (%M) was belongs to wild myrobalan plum with %66. 35 and %46. 79، respectively، while the lowest was elm tree with %69. 37 and %63. 58، respectively. Also، 8 species in species richness value were found in some trees like chestnut، white popular، Caucasian wingnut and melder، while in other soil samples of trees osuch as Ash and wild myrobalan plum were only four species. Of the 14 trees، 10 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified which 8 out of them were Glomus species. The highest relative abundance of species were belongs to G. aggregatum (%29. 30) and Gigaspora albida (%9. 34)، respectively.

Skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in human beings. Prevalence of this tumor has increased over the past decades. The standard treatment is complete excision, however some risks for recurrence still exist. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of margin involvement in skin BCC as well as to investigate the demographic characteristics of the patients This study was conducted from April 2011 to April 2012 on the patients who had skin lesions suspected for BCC. The patients were undergone elliptical excision surgeries for removing their suspected lesions with 5-millimeter margins of clinically normal skin in Farchian Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Following data were collected and recorded: age, sex, anatomical location, duration of the disease, primary clinical diagnosis, histopathologic type, and margin involvement. In total, 125 lesions from 115 patients were investigated (70 males, 45 females). The range of the ages of the patients were from 32 to 93 years, with a mean of 64.6 years. The most common histopathological type was nodular type (61.0%). Twenty percent of the excised lesions showed margin involvement. Risk factors for incomplete excision were older age and anatomical locations (ears and peri-ocular lesions). There was no statistically significant differences between sex, histological type, primary clinical diagnosis, and duration of the disease. In almost all cases, the clinical and histopathological diagnoses were similar. To avoid repeated surgeries and to reduce the risk of incomplete excision for lesions on high risk locations, particularly in elderly, it is recommended that BCCs be excised with wide margins or Mohs micrographic surgery.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects 0.6% to 4.8% of the general population. Our aim was to compare the effect of narrow band UVB (NB-UVB) on normal flora of cutaneous plaques and normal skin in psoriatic patients. Twenty psoriatic patients without any contraindication of phototherapy were enrolled in this study. Samples from psoriatic lesions and adjacent normal skin, before and after phototherapy with NB-UVB were taken. Patients were treated with NB-UVB three times weekly until complete remission. Finally, quantity of normal cutaneous flora on normal and involved skin, before and after treatment was compared. The mean±SD of the NB-UVB sessions and the mean cumulative dose were 26.35±4.95 and 2.05±0.57 J/cm2, respectively. The number of Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and diphtheroids on psoriatic plaques reduced after phototherapy.Conclusuion: The quantity of normal cutaneous flora on normal skin is less than psoriatic plaques, and it reduced on normal and involved skin after phototherapy.

Cultivation, regeneration and conservation of wild plant species are, generally,challenging, mostly due to their seed dormancy and specific germination requirements.Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) an important medicinal plant which is also extensively used in plant virology research has a considerable seed germination problem. This study was conducted to develop a simple seed germination protocol for Jimsonweed. A factorial experiment arranged as completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, assessing effects of seed scarification, gibberellin and potassium nitrate (at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm). Five days after treatment, percentage of seed germination, radicle and plumule length were measured, revealing the key role of mechanical seed scarification treatment as a prerequisite for germination of Jimsonweed seeds. The germination rate as well as radicle and plumule length of scarified seeds were drastically influenced by concentrations of gibberllin and potassium nitrate. No germination was observed in scarified seeds in the absence of gibberllin and potassium nitrate in water. Maximum percentage of seed germination (63%) was obtained when a chemical treatment of 100ppm gibberllin and 500 ppm potassium nitrate used together on scarified seeds.