مجتبی سلم آبادی

Health anxiety is one of the crucial concerns of clinical specialists, as it increases the use of psychological, health and medical services. Therefore, the present study to investigate the correlation between spiritual experiences and self-care behaviors in students with health anxiety.

The present descriptive-correlational was conducted on male and female students of Farhangian University of South Khorasan Province, Iran in the summer of 2023. A total of 320 individuals were selected a stratified sampling method (boys and girls). The data collection tools included the daily spiritual experience scale developed by Underwood and Tersi, the self-care scale by Javdan and the health anxiety inventory by Salkovskis et al. SPSS software, version 24 was used for data analysis, employing Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed a negative and significant relationship between spiritual experiences (r=-0.570, P<0.01) and self-care behaviors (r=-0.624, P<0.01) and health anxiety. The components of spiritual experiences explained 32.7% of the variance in health anxiety, while self-care behaviors explained 39% of the variance.

The results showed the importance of strengthening spiritual experiences and self-care behaviors in the design and modification of interventions related to health anxiety within health system policies.

Investigating and recognizing the factors affecting the psychological health of the elderly plays an effective and key role in improving their life. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of spiritual capital and sense of coherence (SOC) in predicting the psychological health of elderly women.

The present descriptive correlational research was done on the elderly women covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) relief committee of South Khorasan Province, Iran, in the fall of 2023. A total of 120 eligible individuals were selected as the research sample using the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included the spiritual capital scale by Golparvar et al. Antonovsky’s SOC Questionnaire, and the psychological health subscale of the short form of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were employed using SPSS software, version 24, with a significance level set at 0.05.

The results showed a direct relationship between spiritual capital and SOC with the psychological health of elderly women (P<0.01). The components of spiritual capital explained 55% of the variance in psychological health, while the components of SOC explained 36% of the variance.

Strengthening and placing greater emphasis on spiritual capital and SOC, along with holding educational workshops to increase awareness among the elderly, will provide a foundation for improving psychological health.

 Today, along with increasing life expectancy in societies, the quality of life of the elderly as a multifaceted issue has been the focus of researchers, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of resilience and sense of psychological cohesion in predicting the quality of life in elderly women.

 The research method was descriptive-correlation. The research population included all the elderly women covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee of South Khorasan province in the fall of 2023, 120 people were selected based on the formula of Tabachnick & Fidell (2013). Data collection tools included Connor & Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaires, Antonovsky's (1987) sense of psychological cohesion, and WHO (2000) quality of life. Data analysis was done with Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with the help of SPSS 24 software.
Ethical Considerations: In this research, the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness were respected and the participants answered the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

 The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between resilience (r=0.663) and feeling of psychological cohesion (r=0.580) with the quality of life of elderly women. Also, Resilience by 43.5% and the components of feeling of psychological cohesion by 32.1% has an effect on the quality of life of elderly women.

 Based on the results, it can be said that the quality of life of elderly women can be improved by improving the level of resilience and feeling of psychological cohesion.

 Investigating the effective factors in the emotional adjustment of neglected and poorly supervised teenagers is necessary because of their problems; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of spiritual health and cognitive flexibility in the emotional adjustment of poorly supervised and neglected adolescents.

 The current research is descriptive-correlational. The research community consisted of all the poorly supervised and neglected adolescents aged 13 to 18 supported by the welfare centers of Bojnord city (Helia Girls' Center and Ehsan Land Center) in the academic year 2022-2023. They were 120 and were selected using the census sampling method. They filled in Palutzin and Ellison's Spiritual Health, Dennis and Vanderwaal's Cognitive Flexibility, and Sinha and Singh's Emotional Adjustment questionnaires. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis method on SPSS version 25 software were used for data analysis. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that the relationship of spiritual health (r=0.587) and cognitive flexibility (r=0.599) with emotional adjustment was positive and significant (P<0.01). Also, the regression results showed that spiritual health explained 33.6% and cognitive flexibility explained 37.3% of the variance in emotional adjustment.

 Strengthening the spiritual health and cognitive flexibility of poorly supervised and neglected adolescents can be effective in strengthening their emotional adaptation; The fundamental effect of spiritual health can play a very important role as one of the main sources of identity creation and identification in society, especially in a religious society like Iran.

Considering the importance of population aging phenomenon and psychological problems of the elderly, it is very important to identify ways to improve the psychological health of the elderly, so the present study was conducted with the aim of the role of emotional capital and resilience in predicting the psychological health of elderly women.

In a descriptive-correlation study, 120 people were selected as a sample from the researched community, which included all the elderly women covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) relief committee of South Khorasan province in the fall of 2023, using available sampling method. The collection of information included emotional capital questionnaires of Golperor (2015), Connor and Davidson's resilience (2003) and the psychological health subscale of the World Health Organization (2000). In data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used with the help of SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that there was a direct relationship between emotional capital and resilience with the psychological health of elderly women, and emotional capital predicted 35.6% and resilience 15.7% of the variance of psychological health of elderly women (p<0.01).

The research results have provided practical implications for experts in the field of geriatric psychology, so that by increasing emotional capital and resilience, the psychological health of elderly women can be increased.

Education is a significant social and educational foundation for any country, with the role of school principals being crucial in the advancement of social systems. Schools serve as hubs of feedback that echo throughout the entire social structure. Consequently, when principals effectively execute their roles, it can lead to overall societal reform (2). Managers require a variety of traits to enhance their decision-making and relationship-building capabilities. One such vital attribute is social knowledge (5). This concept encompasses a broad spectrum of behaviors aimed at comprehending the emotions, mental states, and psychological processes inherent in social interactions. It includes areas like emotion processing, social understanding, and the theory of mind (6). Social cognition is also self-knowledge, knowing other people (inferring their mental states from their tone, facial and body expressions, empathy, understanding the meaning of their behavior and social signs), social adaptation, and applying rules and knowledge related to social affairs in order to interact with each other. It includes the type of self and the management of one's emotions in interpersonal relationships (7). On the other hand, having psychological capital enables people to cope better with stressful situations,  be less stressed, to have high strength against problems,  have a clear view of themselves, and be less affected by daily events (10). Psychological capital is defined as a person's understanding of himself, having a goal to reach a position, and being stable in the face of problems (11). Therefore, the presence of interventions that help improve school principals' cognitive status can play an essential role in their personal and professional lives. One of these interventions that has recently attracted the attention of researchers is the treatment based on acceptance and commitment, which is one of the new psychological treatments. It is considered that integrating the interventions of acceptance and commitment, and mindfulness helps people achieve a lively, purposeful, and meaningful life (17). This therapeutic approach is a model based on scientific principles for enriching and empowering human life, which helps humans to achieve satisfaction in facing the challenges of life (18). The lack of emotional, psychological, and social skills and abilities makes managers vulnerable in the face of issues and problems and exposes them to all kinds of mental, social, and behavioral disorders.
On the other hand, professional development, promotion, and empowerment of school principals to improve their social awareness and psychological capital is an inevitable necessity. In addition, the results of this research can help experts, officials, and educational planners design appropriate and coherent programs to improve development and empowerment. The administrators of the country's schools should help perform these programs. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in the social cognition and psychological capital of managers. Additionally, this study aims to seek to answer the question of whether the therapy of acceptance and commitment is effective in the social cognition and psychological capital of managers.

The present study was  semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up phase. The research population included all principals of schools in Yasuj in the academic year 2021-2022. From the target population, thirty eligible people were selected by the available sampling method. They were placed in two experimental (15 people) and control groups (15 people) and were evaluated by Nejati et al.'s social cognition scale (2017) and Loutans et al.'s psychological capital (2007). Then, the experimental group participated in acceptance and commitment-based therapy during eight sessions of 90-minutes, two sessions a week, but the control group did not receive any training during this time. SPSS version 22 software and analysis of variance test with repeated measurements were used for data analysis.

The results revealed that the scores of social cognition and psychological capital in the experimental group increased significantly in the post-test phase. Accordingly, these effects remained significant in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Therefore, the results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on improving school principals’ social cognition and psychological capital.

Based on the obtained results,  acceptance and commitment-based therapy can be considered as a suitable method to increase school administrators’ and staff’s social recognition and psychological capital. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists use the treatment method based on acceptance and commitment along with other methods to improve psychological characteristics, specifically improving the social cognition and psychological capital of clients. The results of the research can help specialists, officials, and educational planners of the country in designing suitable and coherent programs to improve the development and empowerment of school principals’ psychological state (social cognition and psychological capital).
Ethical considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
The present study is the result of an independent research work, and the ethical considerations of the research included obtaining informed consent, stating the principle of confidentiality, confidentiality of personal information, freedom of the subjects to participate in the research, and informing them of the results of the research.
Authors' contributions
The first author was responsible for the initial writing of the article, the second author participated in the implementation of the intervention and data collection, the third author participated in data entry in the software, and the fourth author participated as the responsible author and in the role of a statistical analyst.
Funding
The authors carried out the present study at  personal expense.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express our gratitude to all the principals of schools in the five districts of Yasuj who have helped implement this research.
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest among the authors.

The study of effective factors in promoting resilience is one of the goals of positive psychology, so the aim of this study was to determine the role of moral intelligence and distress tolerance in predicting resilience of students during coronation.

The present study was a correlation-analytical study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020-2021. The distress of Simon and Gaher (2005) and the resilience of Connor and Davidson (2003) responded. Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with SPSS software version 24 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant correlation between distress tolerance (r = -0.611) and moral intelligence (r = -0.613) with resilience (P <0.01). Also, the results showed distress tolerance (37.6%) and moral intelligence (45.1%) predict the variance of resilience. Ethical Considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsingi, informed consent and approval of the code of ethics. Discussion and

According to the results of the study, by increasing the tolerance of distress and promoting moral intelligence and their dimensions, students' resilience can be reduced during the corona; Therefore, in programs based on health promotion, it seems necessary to pay more attention to stress tolerance, moral intelligence and its promotion in students.

identifying and targeting factors predicting the anxiety of the corona virus can be effective in health management; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between moral intelligence and covid-19 anxiety in students.

The current descriptive-correlational structural equation study was conducted using the path analysis method, from the statistical population that included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2019-2020 (the last three months of 2019). Based on the Chrissy and Morgan table, 260 students were selected using available sampling method and responded online to the questionnaires of moral intelligence of Lenik and Keel (2007), distress tolerance of Simon and Gaher (2005) and anxiety of Corona Alipour et al. (2020). The research model and relationships between variables were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and using SPSS version 22 and Amos software.

The results showed that the components of moral intelligence had a positive and direct effect on distress tolerance, and distress tolerance in turn had a direct and negative effect on corona anxiety, and the components of moral intelligence had a negative effect on corona anxiety indirectly and through the mediation of distress tolerance (P<0.01) . In general, the research model was suitable.

According to the results of the research, focusing on the type of components of moral intelligence and distress tolerance can have an important effect on students' covid-19 anxiety. It is suggested that therapeutic interventions based on moral intelligence and distress tolerance should be considered in the treatment of Covid-19 anxiety.

With increasing age and the onset of old age, due to the existence of numerous deficiencies, psychological well-being is one of the important issues that may change under the influence of their spirituality and alexithymia; Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of spirituality in predicting the psychological well-being of the elderly: mediated by alexithymia.

The present study was a descriptive-correlation of structural equations. From the statistical population that included all the elderly in the elderly of Qazvin, 92 samples were selected by available sampling from eligible individuals who were willing to cooperate voluntarily. They also answered the questionnaires of Shahidi and Farajnia Spiritual Attitude Scale (2012), Bagbi et al alexithymia scale (1994) and Mood Dysfunction and Ryff short form Well-being (1989). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and SPSS software version 22 and PLS.

The results showed the effect of spirituality on negative and significant alexithymia (p <0.01, β = -0.715), the effect of spirituality on positive and significant psychological well-being (p <0.01, β = 0.474), the effect of alexithymia on psychological well-being was negative and significant (p <0.01, β = -0.447).

The results showed that in providing counseling services to the elderly, the role of positive and protective factors such as spirituality should be considered and appropriate support should be provided to them in terms of alexithymia. To improve and promote the psychological well-being of the elderly.

One of the way s to deal with various disasters such as the coronavirus is to increase resilience. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict the resilience of students during the corona pandemic based on the components of spiritual and social intelligence .

M ethods :

The present study was a correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020 - 2021, out of whom 260 students were selected by c onvenience sampling method to participate in the research online. They answered the King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Silura et al.’s Social Intelligence Questionnaire and Connor and Davidson’s Resilience Questionnaire. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors .

The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship betwee n spiritual intelligence (r=0.572) and social intelligence (r=0.633) with resilience (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the components of spiritual intelligence including crit ical existential thinking (P<0.01, β=0.209), presenting personal meaning (P<0.01, β=0.260), transcendent awareness (P<0.01, β=0.319) and development of state of consciousness (P<0.05, β=0.108) and the components of social intelligence including social info rmation processing (P<0.01, β=0.353), social awareness (P<0.01, β=0.259) and social skills (Β<0.205, P<0.01) positively predicted resilience .

According to the results, creating and developing programs to strengthen spiritual and social intellig ence to increase the level of resilience of students is recommended

Anxiety tolerance can play an important role in promoting health during coronation, so the aim of this study was to determine the role of spiritual and moral intelligence in predicting students' anxiety tolerance.

The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020-2021. Distress tolerance Simon and Gaher (2005) responded. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regression and SPSS software version 24.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between spiritual intelligence with distress tolerance (r = 0.685) and moral intelligence with distress tolerance (r = 0.473) (P <0.01). Also, the results showed that components Spiritual intelligence and moral intelligence were able to predict distress tolerance.

Spiritual and moral intelligence play an important role in students' stress tolerance; Therefore, training in promoting spiritual and moral intelligence is recommended to empower and implement support programs.

The outbreak of coronavirus has been one of the most widespread and worst global health crises in the last century, which has led to changes in people's lifestyles and the emergence of psychological and spiritual challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of God-attachment styles and spiritual health in predicting the psychological strength of nurses during the coronation period.

In a descriptive-analytical study of correlational type, from the statistical population that includes all nurses in 9 countries (Bojnourd) working in hospitals (Imam Reza, Imam Ali and Bint Al-Hoda) in Bojnourd in July 2021 beginning of the fifth peak of Corona 100 people were selected by convenience sampling method. They answered the online questionnaire of devotion to God Rowat and Kirk Patrick (2002), the spiritual health of Palutzin and Ellison (1982) and the psychological strength of Klaf et al. (2002). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression and SPSS software version 24 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the correlation between safe attachment style and spiritual health with positive psychological strength and the correlation between avoidant and ambivalent-anxious attachment styles with negative psychological strength is significant (p <0.01). Also, spiritual health and attachment styles to God predict the psychological strength of nurses (p <0.01).

The results indicate the importance of paying attention to the role of psychological factors such as psychological strength in nurses in coronary crisis, so it is necessary to consider appropriate training programs to promote psychological strength by improving spiritual health and God-centered styles in nurses.

The widespread prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused stress, anxiety, and worry in different groups, including students. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of spiritual intelligence and distress tolerance in predicting COVID-19 anxiety in students.

This was a correlation and regression modeling (prediction) study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand City, Iran, in the academic year of 2020-2021. Accordingly, 260 individuals were selected by the convenience sampling method; they volunteered to participate in the study and virtually completed the King (2008) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Simon and Gaher (2005) Anxiety Tolerance Questionnaire, and Alipour et al.’s (2020) Corona Disease Anxiety Scale. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were employed in SPSS to analyze the collected data.

The present study results indicated an inverse and significant correlation between distress tolerance (r= -0.666), spiritual intelligence (r= -0.618), and COVID-19 anxiety (P<0.01). Additionally, the achieved results revealed that spiritual intelligence (33.6%) and anxiety tolerance (38.8%) predicted the variance of coronary anxiety.

According to the collected results, by increasing the tolerance of anxiety and spiritual intelligence and their dimensions, students’ COVID-19-induced anxiety can be reduced. Therefore, in programs based on reducing COVID-19 anxiety, more attention to distress tolerance, spiritual intelligence, and its promotion in students seems necessary.

The structure of quality of life is considered as an analytical, political and key element in the policy-making and review of public sector policies and it is referred to as the social development index. On the other hand, economic literacy is considered as one of the effective factors in economic development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of literacy in quality of life and economic literacy of prisoners.

The present research was performed in comparative method. The statistical population included all literate and illiterate parents of Birjand Central Prison Literacy Training Complex in the first six months of 2018, 120 people from the mentioned population were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments included a standard questionnaire for the World Health Organization’s Short Quality of Life Form (2002) and a researcher-made questionnaire on economic literacy. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data by SPSS software version 19.

According to the results, out of 120 samples, 60 were illiterate (30 women and 30 men) and 60 were literate in prison (30 women and 30 men). The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of quality of life in the group of literate parents and illiterate parents were (78.10 ± 19.520 and 67.05 ± 16.898) respectively. Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of economic literacy in the group of literate parents and illiterate parents (60.97 ± 13.811 and 50.53 ± 12.883). The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of life and economic literacy of literate parents and illiterate parents (P <0.004). In other words, the quality of life and economic literacy of literate parents were more literate than illiterate parents.

The research findings showed that there is a relationship between the level of literacy and the quality of life and economic literacy. Therefore, the results of the research require more attention from education officials and literacy officials.

Covid-19 has stirred up great anxiety among people from all walks of society, including students. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the contribution of social intelligence and resilience in the prediction of Covid-19-related anxiety in students.

The present study was conducted based on a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus of Birjand in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 260 volunteer participants were selected by convenience sampling method and participated in the research online. Reliable tools were used to collect the needed information. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using the Pearson correlation test and multiple regression.

The obtained results pointed to a negative and significant relationship of  social intelligence and resilience with Covid-19-related anxiety (P<0.01). The results also demonstrated that social intelligence and resilience predict 31.6 and 43.4% of Covid-19-related anxiety changes, respectively.

As evidenced by the results of the current study, the components of social intelligence and resilience perform an effective role in the prediction of Covid-19-related anxiety. Therefore, interventions focused on these components can be an important protective factor in the prevention of this anxiety among students and teachers.

Psychological well-being decreases in the elderly, which in turn may affect the risk of disease. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological well-being of the elderly and identify the factors associated with it. Accordingly, the present study was to consider the role of self-compassion and alexithymia in the psychological well-being of the elderly. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes of Qazvin in the summer of 2020, among whome 92 people were selected using convenience sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan table. They completed the self-compassion scale (Neff), alexithymia scale (Bagbi et al.) and psychological well-being scale-short form (Ryff). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 24 at the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between self-compassion (r=0.8) and its components with psychological well-being (P<0.01), as well as a significant inverse relationship between alexithymia (r=-0.777) and its components with psychological well-being (P<0.01). Besides, alexithymia and self-compassion explained 75.3% of the variance of psychological well-being. Therefore, counsellors and psychologists working in the field of elderly are recommended to enhance the psychological well-being of the elderly through using measures for the improvement of their self-compassion and the decrease of their alexithymia.

Despite the advancement of health science and its expansion, the number of elderlies is increasing annually throughout the world, highlighting the necessity of paying attention to the issue of increasing the psychological well-being of senior citizens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of emotion regulation and spirituality in predicting the psychological well-being of the elderlies.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed on the elderlies living in the nursing homes in Qazvin, Iran, in the summer of 2020. The samples (n=92) were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan Table and availability sampling method. The questionnaires that were used as the tools of this research included the Emotion Regulation Scale, Spiritual Attitude Scale, and short-form of Psychological Well-being Scale. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS software (version 24) using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test. In this study, the significance level was considered 0.05.

The results showed psychological well-being had a direct and significant relationship with emotion regulation (r=0.572) and its components, namely reappraisal (r=0.506) and suppression (r=0.417; P<0.01). Moreover, psychological well-being showed a direct and significant relationship with spirituality (r=0.425) and its components, including spiritual attitude (r=0.317) and spiritual ability (r=0.341; P<0.01). Based on the findings of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta), the components of emotion regulation, including reappraisal (β=0.434; P<0.01) and suppression (β=0.255; P<0.01), and those of spirituality, namely spiritual attitude (Β=0.198; P<0.05) and spiritual ability (β=0.215; P<0.05), could positively predict the psychological well-being of the senior citizens.

According to the results of this study, the improvement of the characteristics of emotion regulation and provision of the grounds for the spirituality of the elderlies can boost the psychological well-being of the elderlies.

Population aging and advancing longevity is one of the achievements of the present century. Life satisfaction is considered as a typical sign of a successful adaptation to changes in various life situations, among these factors are forgiveness and endurance distress. The purpose of this study was the role of forgiveness and endurance distress on life satisfaction in elderly people in Qazvin.

The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population consisted of 150 elderly people living in nursing homes of Qazvin who were selected by simple random sampling and 108 items using Morgan table. Data were analyzed by using Simons & Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005), Forgive Thompson et al. (2005) and Life satisfaction (1985) using SPSS software version 22 and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that correlation coefficient between distress tolerance and life satisfaction (r = 0.680, P <0.001) and forgiveness with life satisfaction (r = 0.616, P <0.001) were significant. Also, components of tolerance of distress 46/46 are positive and predictors of forgiveness of 1/38 positively predict life satisfaction (P <0.001).

The results of the research show the importance of forgiveness and tolerance of distress on the life satisfaction of the elderly. It is suggested that treatment modalities for the treatment of forgiveness and tolerance of distress should be considered in order to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the anxiety of mothers and the number of children.

The population of the study was women in Alborz and Tehran provinces in the first three months of 2018. Among women from the Alborz and Tehran (the first group were single mothers and the second group had two or more mothers), 384 subjects were selected by simple random sampling. The instrument of this study was Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (1970). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the anxiety of mothers and the number of children (R = 118.0); and the child's variable predicts approximately 1.4% of the maternal anxiety variance.

The results of this study demonstrate more attention of authorities in the field of education and health about anxiety and the number of children of Iranian families to reduce the stresses about the more children.

Down the centuries, different people and schools have expressed their views about human, commenting on his traits as a healthy personality in written, oral and practical forms. Some of these traits have been provided by humanistic schools and some by divine religions. The underpinnings of humanistic schools are human thoughts, needs analysis, and identifying human limited to their time which lose their applicability over time. However, the underpinnings of divine schools (religions) is recognition of human beyond human imagination by his Creator offered by one of these people, namely the Prophet of the Almighty God, in which the perception of the audiences, i.e. human being has been considered and each individual enjoys it as much as s/he could understand. Therefore, in the present paper as a content analysis based on certain resources, the traits of a healthy individual were studied according to the Holy Qur'an. This study is descriptive, analytical, and inferential by nature carried out using electronic resources, books, and journals. The researchers declared no conflicts of interests. The findings indicated that the Qur’an regards human as a creature with two dimensions of material and spirit, and thus defines his normal personality paradigm. While considering three areas of cognition, emotion, and behavior for human personality, the Quran conditions realization of his perfectness and transcendence by promotion and growth of three aspects of existentialism in the context of three-dimensional communication (self, God and world) and by the charter designed for human, which is also based on his nature and truth, not by the two-dimensional relationship of self and the world available in most schools of psychology.

Parental education is the beginning and the basis for the progress of family and community life. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of parents' literacy on academic achievement and mental health of students. The present study was a descriptive-comparative study. A sample of 120 students (60 in the illiterate group and 60 in the literate group) were selected using purposive sampling method, which included all students with literate and illiterate parents in the first and second high schools of Khasf in 2017-2018. The research instrument was the Dotag Educational Achievement Questionnaire (2004) and Goldenberg Mental Health Questionnaire (1972). The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and dual-analysis analysis (ANOVA). The results showed that in both groups of literate and illiterate people, the educational achievement of students with fewer children and higher income is better. In the group of literate parents as well as among illiterate parents, the average student mental health scores increase with an increase in the number of children and low income levels. Therefore, it is hoped that the results of the research will be considered by planners, educators and educators

Although a number of studies have been done on the effects of the number of children on anxiety of their mothers, the whole picture is still far from clear; therefore, the present study aimed at examining moderating role of religiosity on the relationship of number of children and anxiety of parents with one child and more children. This study was a descriptive one through a correlational method. The population consisted of all women in Alborz and Tehran provinces in the academic year of 2014-2015. Through available convenience sampling, 384 were selected based on Morgan table. To respond the questionnaires, two groups of mothers were studied as the study population. The first group included mothers with one child and the second group included mothers with two or more children. Instruments of research included Khodayarifard et al (2009), Religiosity Questionnaire and Spielberger’s (1970) Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. The results showed that religiosity is not capable of acting as a moderating variable in the relationship between the number of children and maternal anxiety. There was a significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' anxiety (R=0.118), but there was no significant relationship between the number of children and mothers' religiosity. The results suggest that authorities of health sector as well as educators should pay more attention to religiosity and number of children and also the role of religiosity in decreasing anxiety in Iranian families.

Academic procrastination is one of the prevalence variables in students and the varibles affecting it, such as academic self-handicapping and self-efficacy should be examined. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of academic self-efficacy and academic self-handicapping In Academic dawdle Bahonar University.

This study is a correlational study that stratified sampling, 120 students from Birjand Shdndabzar. Research tools Scale Academic dawdle Rasblvm & Solomon (1984), academic self-handicapping Medgley & et al (2000) academic self- McIlroy & Bunting (2002).Were completed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics, correlation and multiple linear regressions were used.

Results showed that academic self-efficacy and Academic dawdle (R = -0.34) academic self-handicapping with Academic dawdle (R = 0.21) There was a significant negative correlation. Together these two variables also predict Academic dawdle amount of variance 16.0.

The results of the study and operators more attention to education and higher education institutions in the field of Academic dawdle sectors.

Aging period is a critical era of human life and attention to the problems and needs of this stage is a social necessity. The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of training the review of life on life satisfaction and sense of coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin.
Methods & Materials: The present research is a semi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of 50-80 year old aged women living in Nursing Home in city of Qazvin. The statistical sample included 30 subjects that were selected through simple random sampling method and assigned to excremental and control groups (15 subjects per each group). To collect data, Diener's (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Flensburg’s (2006) Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) were used. At first, all samples answered these questionnaires, and then, the program of life review was administered on the experimental group for six sessions and finally, the post-test was administered to both the experimental and control groups. To analyze data, analysis of covariance was used in the environment of SPSS software.
The mean age of the control group was 2/88± 65 and the mean age of the experimental group was 3/56±67. The mean life satisfaction of the control group before education was 17/86, but after training, 17/60 and the mean life satisfaction of the experimental group before training was 90/17 and after education 24/86. Also, the mean of control group's sense of cohesion before and after education was 69.87 and 69.93, while the mean of the experimental group before education was 46.63, but the education was 84.48. The results of covariance analysis showed that the process of life-style treatment sessions increased life satisfaction and cohesion among the elderly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p Results indicated that the life review therapy was effective on the level of life satisfaction and sense of coherence among the aged people.Hence, Review of Life therapy could be considered as an al -ternative or complementary approach to existing therapies for enhancing life among elderly adults.

The prevailing atmosphere of the family is the foundation of many of the issues of people at all stages of life. Family function is affected by several factors. The purpose of this study was to predict family function based on communication patterns and perceived social support in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences nurses.
This descriptive study was of correlational type. The statistical population of this study was all married nursing students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2012-2013. Using Morgan table, 221 people (126 males, 95 females) were selected using available sampling method and Epstein, Baldwin and Bisbev family function questionnaire (1983), Fitzpatrick and Ritchie communication patterns (1990) and perceived support Wax et al. (1986). SPSS 16 software was used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were used in the same way to examine the hypotheses.
The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of communication patterns and perceived social support with family work. And the components of conversation, consistency, family support and friends can significantly predict the function of the family.
Communication patterns and social support play a significant role in the family function and function of the nursing community.