مجتبی مرادی

In determining the water that can be allocated for different uses, including agriculture (as the main consumer), the most important step in this era is the proper management of groundwater resources. The observance of water consumption within the limit of allocated water ensures that the consequences of the exploitation of groundwater resources and the sustainability of development are guaranteed, and operators use technological methods to increase the efficiency of using water resources for more production in proportion to the amount tend to available water. In this article, first, the method of calculating the water allocated to the agricultural sector in the country has been studied and criticized. In this study, it was found that in the formula for calculating the current allocated water, the component of agricultural return water as an effective parameter causes a huge error in the calculation of allocated water. Then, a new formula for the calculation of allocated water was proposed, and an attempt was made to correct and apply the effect of the input component of agricultural return water on the amount of allocated water based on the calculation of allocated water in the new proposed method, taking into account the aquifer capacity based on the parameters of the water resources balance.

Firefighting services must provide a high rate of relief to ensure public safety. These rescue services are usually provided by vehicles stationed at fire stations. One of the most important issues in this regard is the location of these stations in the metropolitan area, so that they have the highest impact for emergency relief. To prioritize the five districts of Rasht to create or add new fire stations, five indices: area size, population, traffic, land usage and risk capability were considered as decision indicators. The statistical population for sampling was firefighters in Rasht. One station from each district and two firefighters from each district (10 firefighters in total) were selected as samples. The Questionnaire was used for data collection. Fuzzy AHP multi-criteria decision making method was used to rank areas of Rasht city. According to the results, the fourth zone with equal weight (0.305), first zone (0.210), fifth zone (0.174), third zone (0.173) and the second zone (0.136) were prioritized for construction of the new station, respectively.

The lack of water in arid and semi-arid areas has become a serious crisis, endangering living conditions. Sloping lands in the geographical and natural areas of Central Province have always been critical areas as sources of sediment production and erosion. Meanwhile, these areas provide valuable capacity for productive employment and conservation of water and soil resources through the construction of rain gardens in sloping lands with the help of rain catchment systems in the province. For this purpose, the amount and volume of annual rainfall, flood depth and discharge for different return periods, slope map, distribution of slope classes to the surface, and Curve number (CN) of the watershed for different return periods were obtained. Then, the development potential of rainfed gardens in the low yielding and sloping rainfed fields of Kabodkamar watershed in Adramand village was analyzed with the help of rain catchment systems. The results showed that, according to the slope and rocky nature of the area, the annual rainfall, depth and volume of runoff, and retention coefficient, the form of waterways, hydrological coefficients of the sub-watersheds, the area has the potential to use for rain catchment surface systems. In addition, considering the habitat and agro-ecological capacity of the region, water and soil resources, as well as the topography and geometry of the mentioned lands, the development of rainfed gardens is considered a key way to increase production and create employment along with ensuring the sustainability of the ecosystem in the region.

These days, regarding to advanced technologies, the use of ultralight aircraft for transportation and goods movement has been attended by industries and people. One of the major challenges for ultralight aircraft designers is related to reduction of engine vibrations. In this paper, determination of torsional damper for this aircraft engine types and their effect on reducing vibrations by combining three experimental, analytical and numerical methods are discussed. Starting with dynamic analysis and coding in MATLAB software, the system gas pressure and torque were validated with experimental results with less than 2% differences. Then the amount of angular displacement was validated at maximum rotating velocity with 1.86% difference by numerical and analytical methods, then the natural frequencies of system were obtained. Finally, the equation was extracted in order to determine the appropriate damping coefficient and its characteristics were determined. The results showed that using the damper reduces the system vibrations amplitude up to 40%.

The accelerating rate of urbanization and population growth in the past three decades in developing countries, especially in Iran, has brought many issues in social, economic and political aspects, and made it necessary to urban managers to prepare a comprehensive plan in the housing market. For such a program, assessing the housing indicators is a necessary tool to estimate the needs of housing sector in the country. Aim of this study is accomplish the spatial analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in city of Izeh. Research method is theoretical-applied, based on the goals, and descriptive-analytical, based on data gathering. To measure the difference between the five regions of the city , 9 quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing have been applied. Then, after collecting information and statistical data, the fuzzy TOPSIS decision-making technique and GIS were used. In the fuzzy TOPSIS decision model, zones 2 and 3 with weights of 0.582 and 0.588 estimated as rich, zones 4 with weights of 0.392 and was semi rich, and zones 1 and 5 with weights 0.368 and 0.364 were poor. In general, the final result of this study shows the mismatch between the distribution of quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in the regions of city of Izeh .

Theology (Kalam) is one of the Islamic intellectual sciences that has had proponents and opponents in Islamic sects since its inception. After compiling theological books, some agreed with this science and explained it, and some opposed it and criticized it. The Salafists, following the People of Hadiths (Ahl-alhdith), based on the extreme traditionalism and because of abandonment of rational reasoning, disagree with theology and consider it as a cause of damage and misguidance. Some of the most important arguments of the Salafists in denying and opposing theology are the avoidance of pious predecessors from the theological topics, prohibiting of Companions and Successors (Sahaba and Tabieen of the Holy Prophet) from dealing with theology, considering theology as heresy, its including superstitious, false, and even blasphemy, and the incompatibility between the results of theological discussions and Quran and tradition. The present study critiques and evaluates Salafi arguments and reveals their weaknesses through a documentary and critical analysis method. The arguments of the Salafists are typically fallacious and contradict the Qur'an and the tradition, as well as the manners of the companions, Successors, and other Islamic scholars. The Salafi view has bitter consequences such as the illegitimacy of other sciences and the rejecting of the value of intellectual and instrumental sciences, as well as a kind of exclusivism and absolutism about the understanding of the people of the first three centuries of the Islamic world.

The aim of this study was to determine the strategies of human resources in implementing the strategy in the field of health through qualitative-quantitative method. The statistical population in the qualitative section was a group of deans of medical universities and senior managers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and in the quantitative section were senior and middle managers of the staff of medical universities. In the qualitative part of the snowball sampling method, 20 people and in the quantitative part with the available sampling method, 20 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data in the qualitative part were extracted by performing Delphi technique with a semi-structured questionnaire in the first round and structured in the next rounds and in a quantitative part by performing a matrix questionnaire on a statistical sample and analyzed using SPSS and EXPERT CHOICE software. And analyzed. Qualitative findings showed that "human resource strategies" have six dimensions: and "strategy implementation" have three dimensions and nine components: There were structural dimensions, environmental dimension and behavioral dimension. The results of the quantitative section showed that in the strategies of supply and training of human resources, the component of macro environment, in the strategies of evaluating the performance of human resources and development and improvement, the component of the structure of the executive organization, in the strategy of compensation, the component of behavior In the employee participation strategy, the specific environment component has been of the highest importance.

The success of the artificial recharge projects of aquifers need to recognition the appropriate points. The aim of this investigation is finding appropriate points for artificial recharge in “Kavir Meighan” basin in Markazi province. Because of that the Geographical Information System (GIS) is used. In this investigation. the method“Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” is used to find suitable points. By using the opinion of the experts, the necessary criterion to choose suitable points are: Water Quality, Water Depth, Slope, Land use, Geology, Soil texture and the position of wells, springs and Qanats. In AHP methods the raster layer of used criterion was prepared. Then by using double comparison and Expert choice software, the weight of the any layers was made. In this method the maps were put together by overlap methods. After that, inappropriate points those are too close to wells, springs and qanats, were showed. Finally, the potential map of artificial recharge zone was prepared. In AHP method the potential map contents 29 zones, the total area of them is 14,770,183 square meters.

The number of traffic accidents in the country is very worrying compared tomany countries in the world; Although the road factor has a lowerpercentage than the rest, but reducing road defects can reduce a significantnumber of accidents and, it should be noted in new studies that the aim ofthis study is also focused on identifying the effect of road structure failure onthe likelihood of traffic accidents. Due to the restriction of accurateinformation on traffic accidents and the possibility of removing the damagesand examining their cause, it has been tried to examine the effects ofroughness surface of the pavements on the behavior pattern and thedisplacement amount of urban bus drivers and the possibility of trafficaccidents from statistical point of view. In this study, in order to collect therequired information of drivers of public transport, using the opinions ofconsultants and also to study the research of the ancestors, a questionnairewith 4 scenarios was designed to analyze the factors affecting the probabilityof accidents and asked Yazd bus drivers to evaluate them based on theimportance of each parameter. Finally, in order to determine the effectivefactors and the relationships between these factors, is used factor andexploratory analysis. Application of this modeling provides analysis andstudy of the effect of various factors on the occurrence of accidents in thepublic vehicles. The results of this study show that the area and dimensionsof the damage (the amount of Ups and downs) has major effects fordetermining how drivers behave. The first reaction of drivers in the face offailure is not paying attention to the damage and crossing it. Damagesituation also with having the most factorto extent of 0/72 is one of one ofthe effective cases in the performance of public vehicles drivers. The mostinteraction effect between the variables, between the two options of suddenline change and save the line by changing the direction suddenly is with thecoefficient of interaction effect of 0/82.

Estimation of sediment load in rivers is one of the most important and applicable issues in studies and design of river and water engineering projects. Therefore, identification and suggestion of suitable methods for estimating suspended sediment load should be done based on relevant research. These methods include artificial neural network models, neurophysics, sedimentation rate curve as well as multivariate regression model. In this study, the efficiency of these methods was investigated in predicting discharge rate of suspended sediments of Gharachai River watershed. Daily time series data of measured flow discharge and sedimentation of bridge station of Gharachai River were used. The statistical period used in this model was two years (2016-2017). Independent variables used to enter the network include runoff and suspended load at the Gharachai River Doab Bridge station. The dependent variable, which is the network output, was the suspended load. After modeling with each compound and calculating RMSE and R2 values, the best combination was selected. The results showed that the neurophasic method based on discharge and sediment inputs and artificial neural network models based on discharge inputs were more accurate than multivariate regression and sedimentation rate curve. For values ​​higher the long-run mean of the statistical series, the values ​​simulated by the ANN model and for values less the mean and annual sediment load were also closer to the observed values. While for maximum values, no significant difference was found between ANN models, neurophysics, and linear regression.

Antibiotics are potentially harmful contaminants, which can cause harmful effects on environmental equilibrium of ecosystems and the food chain. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of ceftriaxone antibiotic by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae biosorbent from aquatic environments.

This experimental study was conducted in a lab-scale batch reactor as discontinuous. The fungus strain was collected from the “Persian Type Culture Collection of Iran”. After activating fungus strain, the plates were placed in incubator for 7 to 10 days at 25°C. Fungus cultures were transferred to a potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in the form of dry ice and subsequently cultivated in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium. In order to determine the adsorption efficiency of ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions, the impact of variables effected on adsorption including pH, initial concentration of antibiotic, biosorbent dose, contact time and temperature were investigated. The physical, structural and surface properties of produced biosorbent were determined by FTIR, SEM and BET techniques. Also, thermodynamic parameters, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. Ceftriaxone concentrations were measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer in 276 nm wavelength.

The results showed that the maximum absorption of ceftriaxone was 78% at pH=6, the initial ceftriaxone concentration of 10 mg/L, the absorbent dose of 0.75 g, the contact time of 120 min and temperature of 25°C. The surface adsorption of Ceftriaxone on biosorbent was followed by Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.903), and kinetic processes were more correlated with the Pseudo-second order model (R2=0.961).

It can be concluded from present study that the biosorbent produced from baker's yeast can be used as an effective and inexpensive adsorbent for ceftriaxone removal from aqueous solutions.

The efficacy of impulse oscillometry as an indirect measure of exercise-induced airway changes, compared to spirometry has not been comprehensively appreciated. The objective was to compare airway responses to cold temperature exercise and to recognize whether impulse oscillometry parameters relate to spirometry parameters. 18 physically active men with probable Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (Body Mass Index ≤25) were screened for this study. The exercise protocol was two 6-min sub-maximal exercises of running on the treadmill with 80-90% Peak Heart Rate in either cold (4.0 ◦C) or moderate (25.0 ◦C) temperature. 48 h was observed between these two challenges. Strong correlations were found between cold and moderate temperature data for impulse oscillometry and spirometry. Spirometry revealed post-challenge significant difference in cold and moderate temperatures (p<0.05). Respiratory resistance measured by impulse oscillometry found to be significantly different in post-challenge peak falls for two conditions. Significant correlations found within impulse oscillometry and spirometry data suggesting the efficacy of impulse oscillometry in evaluating airway responses to exercise challenges. Two challenges appeared to elicit Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm response by a similar mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness and water loss.

The important role of risk and its challenges in organizations is one of the reasons for the importance of examining the risks of production. Considering the classification of the pharmaceutical industry as one of the most important industries, the investment risks in this industry have been analyzed using the Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. This method is one of the risk management techniques to identify, analyze, and ranking risk factors in order to increase the efficiency of the industry. This descriptive study suggests FMEA as a quantitative method for identifying production risks and, by computing risk priority numbers (RPNs), represents the probability of their risks and effects in the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, after identifying the risks of drug production through literature review and interviewing experts, a questionnaire was designed that out of 66 identified risks, 19 risks were identified and ranked by experts as important risks. Good manufacturing practices (GMP), exchange rate fluctuation, no marketing strategy and lack of proper estimation of market trends, inventories of raw materials and inventory of supplies was identified as the most important risks of drug production.

Portfolio selection problem is one of the most important economic issues. The right combination of stock or other asset portfolio is that an investor pays to buy it. Selection of an optimal portfolio is based on the principle that the investor decides to accept one or several investments among different investment depending on the tolerance of risk and expected a reasonable amount of stock returns. In this study, improved Non-Dominated Sorting multi-objective genetic algorithms and Evolutionary Algorithm Strength Pareto are used to create an optimum portfolio. These algorithms are improved version of their previous versions and have a better solution than its previous versions. The value of the portfolio and its risk, as optimization purposes and conditional value at risk as the basis risk, have been used. Two applied conditions consider to Portfolio and shown that the Evolutionary Algorithm Strength Pareto has better results than the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II.

In the dynamic manipulation of objects, the aim is to throw an object by a robot to the desired target even outside the reachable workspace. In this paper, the concept of the throw-able workspace or dynamic manipulation workspace is defined as a set of points which the robot is able to throw the object at them. Thus, in order to obtain the maximum dynamic manipulation workspace which means the farthest points that object can be manipulated, it is necessary to solve the optimal throwing problem. To this end, the optimal throwing problem is defined as the optimal control problem solved using the indirect solution method based on the fundamental theorem of the calculus of variations. By applying the throwing equation as a moving boundary condition, the derived optimality conditions construct a two-point boundary value problem which its solution results in the optimal throwing. Finally, an algorithm is presented to calculate the maximum dynamic manipulation workspace. Then, simulation results are presented for a single link robot in order to evaluate the defined concept as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method for problem-solving.

Nowadays, the assessment of erosion value and sedimentation yeild in the watersheds is one of the fundamental issues in water resources management and environmental assessment. In recent years, the use of experimental methods have been developed due to lack of the sediment data. In this paper, using MPSIAC model, erosion value and sediment yield of Shazand basin (one of the Sub-basin of Saveh Dam) assessed and compared with a hydrometery method. For this purpose, using Landsat and IRS satellite images and Geographic Information System (GIS) with an accuracy of 10 × 10 m, the various parameters required to simulate by MPSIAC model applied to ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.1 software. Then, using this model the sediment yield and erosion zoning of Shazand basin are obtained as zoning maps. Following, the results of the annual sediment from the studied stations (Poledoab, Toureh, Azna and Bazaneh) were compared with the results of hydrometric method. The results show MPSIAC model with hydrometry method have a good accordance with together in which Poledoab, Toureh and Shazand stations with 95.4%, 77.7%, 95.05% of accordance, respectively. According to the study, MPSIAC model to estimate maximum annual sediment and erosion zoning is acceptable accuracy.

The basic reproduction number is the average number of secondary infection cases generated by a single primary case in a susceptible population. Estimation of the basic reproduction number is important in medical studies. In this paper, we describe a new method for estimating the basic reproduction number by branching processes. Finally, we apply this estimator on real data reported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the USA.

Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. Flavonoids found in Raspberry fruit (RF) play an important role against oxidative stress injuries in the biological systems.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of RF on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in rats.
In the present experimental study, 42 wistar adult male rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into six groups as sham operated (Sh), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) received normal saline (I嗨), I/R groups treated with RF extract (I, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, IP, respectively). The global cerebral I/R was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min, followed by reperfusion. Behavioral test performed with shuttle box and analgesia test performed with tail flick test.
Administration of RF extract 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg doses increased passive avoidance memory significantly (P Results of this study showed that RF extract possesses protective effects against pain and memory deficits induced by I/R, which may be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Poor management of hypertension is a major dilemma in the elderly, which affects the selection of appropriate coping methods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5A self-management program on coping strategies in elderly male patients with hypertension. This clinical trial study was performed on 60 elderly men with hypertension aged 60-75 years, referred to health centers of Ramsar City in 2017. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n= 30) and control (n= 30). Jalowiece Coping Questionnaire (problem-focused and emotion-focused) was used to measure the coping styles of patients before and after intervention. The intervention of self-management program using 5A model consisted of group training and individual guidance. The patients had been followed-up through phone call for 12 weeks. There was no intervention in the control group. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 through descriptive and analytical statistics. The mean and standard deviation of age in the control and intervention groups were 67.55 ± 5.01 and 68.34 ± 5, respectively. The rate of problem-focused coping strategies before and after the intervention was more desirable in experimental group and a significant difference was found between experimental and control groups (p=0/0001). Considering the growing trend of elderly people with chronic diseases and the impact of problem-focused strategies on self-management behaviors, it is necessary to use well-planned training such as 5A self-management program in order to increase the welfare and ultimately improve the quality of life. Based on the results of this research, in the elderly men with hypertension, appropriate coping strategies can be promoted through regular educational planning and continuous follow-up.

Managing chronic diseases is related with the selection of appropriate coping methods. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management program based on 5A model on coping strategies in the elderly men patients with hypertension.

This Clinical Trial study was performed in 60 elderly men clients with the age of 60-75 years Suffering from hypertension attending health centers to Ramsar city, Iran, in 2017. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (n= 30) and control (n= 30). From Jalowiece Coping Questionnaire (problem-focused and emotion-focused) were used to measure the clients coping styles before and after intervention.
The intervention of program based on 5A model consisted of group training and individual guidance. The clients were then followed up through phone call: within 12 weeks The data was analyzed using SPSS 19 and descriptive and analytical statistics.

The mean and standard deviation of age in the control and intervention groups were 67.55 ± 5.01 and 68.34 ± 5, respectively. Significant differences among experimental and control group regarding the rate of problem-focused coping strategies after the intervention (p=0/0001). In fact self-management program based on 5A model increased the client' rate of problem-focused coping strategies.

Appropriate coping methods can be promoted with systematic educational planning, continuous follow-up, with encouragement and motivation, in chronic patients, especially the elderly.

Since the demand in air transport system has the most influence on increasing prosperity and efficiency of this system, identifying the factors that attracts the passengers to air transport is essential. This topic has got an importance in developing countries in recent years because of the slow growth rate of number of domestic flight passengers. In this research which surveys the effective factors on demand of domestic air transport, for gathering required information from passengers, a questionnaire was designed including 20 effective parameters on air transport demand based on consulting experts, university professors and past research studies. It was asked from the passengers to rank the parameters according to their importance. These parameters were categorized using “Factor Analysis” with 6 factors of “cost”, “services”, “time”, “application of up-to-date technology”, “satisfactory and secondary services” and “safety” respectively. Obtained factors were 67.7% effective on changing passenger demands of domestic air transport. The factor “cost” has had the greatest impact with 20.4 %. “Structural Equation Modeling” has been used for checking the “Factor Analysis” results. Modeling results proved the correctness of factor analysis. Furthermore, the modeling has showed that the most mutual effectiveness has been between the factors “cost” and “services” with the value of 0.18. The results of this research express practical implications for airport Companies and airlines in the field of programming air transport, increasing demand attraction of passengers and eventually improvement of economic conditions at a national level.

There are many plant extracts which can modulate pain response. Also, studies represented modulatory effects of estradiol on pain.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) and estradiol on pain threshold in female mice.
In this experimental study, 90 female balb c mice were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups which receiving low, moderate and high doses of purslane extract, estradiol and their combination. Following intraperitoneal administration of the hormone or extract, pain threshold was measured using tail flick test, and acquired data have been analyzed using ANOVA.
Pain threshold was significantly increased after administration of moderate and high doses of purslane extract with comparing to the control group (P Present study showed that purslane seed extract and estradiol caused increasing of the pain threshold in the female mice. Hence, these results maybe demonstrate morphine-like effects of purslane extract and estradiol.