مجید جعفری

The objective of the current study was to test the mediating role of responsibility and academic hope in the relationship between family functioning and academic engagement in first high school students of Khorrambid city (Fars province). The participants included 300 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and they responded to Epstein et al.'s Family Assessment Device (1983), Mergler and Shield's personal responsibility (2016), Khormai and Kemari's academic hope (2016) and Rio's academic conflict (2013). SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the descriptive data and correlation matrix between research variables, and AMOS version 24 software was used to test the hypothesis and check the fit of the research model. The results indicated that the research model has a good fit with the collected data. The findings showed that the direct effect of family Functioning on responsibility and academic hope and the direct effect of responsibility and academic hope on academic engagement were significant. Also, the effect of family functioning with the mediating role of responsibility and academic hope on academic engagement was also significant. In general, the results of this research show the role of family Functioning variables, responsibility and academic hope in explaining academic engagement. Based on this, it can be concluded that in order to increase the academic engagement of students, it is necessary to pay attention to the responsibility and academic hope resulting from the proper functioning of their families.

The objective of the current study was to determine the mediating role of academic hope in the relationship between the perception of the classroom environment with boredom and academic incivility in students. The participants included 600 second grade students (308 boys, 292 girls) of Khorrambid city in the academic year of 2023-2024, who were selected by random cluster sampling method, and What Is Happening in This Class Questionnaire (Fraser, Fisher & McRobbies, 1996), the Academic Hope Scale (Khormai & Kemari, 2018), the Academic Boredom Scale (Pekran, Goetz & Perry, 2005) and the Scale of Child and Youth Classroom Incivility (Spadafora & Volk, 2021) answered. The results indicated the significance of the direct effect of the perception of the classroom environment on hope, boredom and academic incivility. The indirect effects of the perception of the classroom environment with the mediating role of academic hope on boredom and academic incivility were also significant. Based on this, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the boredom and academic incivility of students, attention should be paid to the academic hope resulting from their proper perception of the classroom.

Given that hope and optimism are fundamental necessities for societal progress and development, conducting a psychological study on hope-inducing factors in society, with a focus on the Holy Quran, was essential. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the psychological factors that contribute to fostering hope in society from the Quranic perspective. This research employs a qualitative content analysis approach, a research method used for the subjective interpretation of textual data through theme identification. Islamic and psychological sources were examined, and the extracted data were logically categorized. The findings reveal that, from a psychological perspective and based on Quranic teachings, three main factors—cognitive, emotional, and behavioral—play a crucial role in fostering hope in society. Cognitive factors include belief in God, faith in the afterlife, positive thinking, and a sense of purpose in life. Emotional factors emphasize the ability to regulate negative emotions and maintain hopeful anticipation of divine relief. Behavioral factors involve following the example of hopeful individuals, social support, reducing socio-economic adversities, effective governance and political stability, and promoting Amr bil Ma'ruf and Nahy anil Munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil). The results indicate that Quranic teachings provide a well-structured psychological framework for fostering hope in society, addressing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions.

There are various factors that create or hinder education and learning, which are of particular importance to investigate. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of testing the model of mindfulness and perception of the classroom environment with boredom and academic incivility with the mediating role of wisdom in students. The participants included 600 second grade students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and to mindfulness questionnaires (Drotman & et al., 2018), What is going on in this class (Fraser & et al., 1996), Intelligence (Ardelt, 2003), academic boredom (Pekran & et al., 2005) and academic avoidance (Spadafora and Volk, 2021) answered. The results indicated a good fit of the model with the data and the significance of the direct effect of the perception of the classroom environment on wisdom, boredom, and academic incivility, as well as mindfulness on wisdom and academic incivility. The indirect effect of mindfulness and perception of the classroom environment on academic boredom with the mediating role of wisdom was also statistically significant. Based on this, it can be concluded that in order to reduce the boredom and academic incivility of students, it is necessary to pay attention to the wisdom resulting from the perception of the classroom environment and their mindfulness.

Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss. is one of the important medicinal plants in Sistan and Baluchistan regions, and the germination of this plant in this region faces a challenge due to the sensitivity of this plant to dry conditions in the germination stage. It was carried out in the laboratory in the form of a completely randomized design in three repetitions with a factorial arrangement in 2023. Experimental treatments included four levels of osmotic potential (0, -2, -4 and -6 bar) and eight seed priming treatments including hydro-priming, non-priming, priming with gibberellin, salicylic acid, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, humic acid and and silicon dioxide nano-particles. The results showed that decrease in osmotic potential caused a decrease in length and weight of seedling, seed vigor, percentage and rate of germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity. But seed priming reduced the negative effects of stress on these traits and improved these traits. Among the seed priming treatments, gibberellin and zinc sulfate had the best effectiveness in improving germination characteristics and early growth of Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss. under conditions of no stress (osmotic potential of zero bar) and severe stress (osmotic potential of -6 bar). In mild stress conditions (osmotic potential of -2 bar), seed pre-treatment with silicon dioxide nano-particles and hydro-priming had better effectiveness in improving the studied traits. Therefore, it seems that priming treatment of Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss. seeds with these compounds can be recommended to improve the germination and early growth characteristics of this plant.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease can affect all aspects of a person's life. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. MS was performed.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 245 patients with multiple sclerosis in Shahrekord city. Non-random sampling method was used and data collection tool was Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (MISIS-29). The data were analyzed through spss 20 software.

In the present study, only 26.6% of patients experienced high quality of life, and 30.5% of patients had severe to moderate anxiety, 13/8% moderate stress, and 34.2% moderate and severe depression. There was a significant relationship between the stress and anxiety of the patients and their jobs (p<0.05) and also there was a significant difference between the quality of life and the education of the patients (p<0.05). A significant relationship was observed between the state of stress, depression and anxiety of the patients with the quality of life and with the physical and mental subscales (P<0.001).

The results indicated the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with MS, which has affected the quality of life of patients. Therefore, providing suitable interventions to deal with or adapt to these symptoms and ultimately improve the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients seems necessary.

In this study, thermodynamic evaluation and regional analysis of a new cogeneration system based on a combination of multi-effect desalination and compressed air energy storage were performed. The study system consists of heliostat subsystems, gas turbine, multi-effect desalination plant and compressed air energy storage system. Thermodynamic software for solving EES engineering equations has been used to model the studied system and also to obtain the results of system analysis. In this study, 8 different scenarios were studied, taking into account the charging time, discharge time, number of sunny hours and the number of different desalination effects, and finally the best scenario was selected for the study. Also, at the end of the parametric study, it should be said that the best scenario, scenario number 5, in which there were 7, was selected. Because in this scenario, the best performance of the system, ie the amount of reciprocal exergy efficiency (ERTE), reciprocal efficiency (RTE), the amount of system power and the rate of fresh water produced by the system were at their highest rate. According to the studies performed on the parameters affecting the system outputs, the number of heliostat, turbine efficiency and compressor efficiency can be mentioned. Also, the exergy analysis of the system showed that the most exergy degradation was related to the CAES unit and the solar unit, respectively.

Paneer phool plant is one of the most important medicinal plants in Balochistan region, which is spread in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. This plant is used in medicinal and therapeutic cases and is considered as an important cover plant in these areas. The germination of this plant is poor and environmental factors such as drought also have a negative effect on its spread. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with the aim of the effect of osmotic potential and seed priming on some germination characteristics of this plant in a factorial form in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2019. Experimental treatments included four levels of osmotic potential (0, -1, -2 and -3 bar) and eight seed priming treatments including hydropriming, non-priming, priming with gibberellin (200 and 400 ppm), salicylic acid (200 and 400 ppm) and potassium nitrate (200 and 400 ppm). The results showed that seed priming improved root length, shoot length, and germination percentage characteristics. Decreased osmotic potential reduced root length, shoot length and germination percentage. Decreased osmotic potential caused a decrease in seedling length, germination percentage and speed and seed vigor of wind cheese. Priming with gibberellin 200 ppm was the best priming treatment and increased seedling length, germination percentage and speed and seed vigor. In general, priming treatment with gibberellin 200 ppm can be recommended to improve germination traits in this plant.

Stylistics is the study of individuals' linguistic behaviors. Language speakers, depending on different situations they are experiencing, such as different period of time, settings and gender, use different forms of writing. A literary text, compared to an ordinary or a scientific text, is different in style and structure. Layered stylistics, is considered as one of the modern forms of stylistics, that not only centers around traditional stylistics subjects, but also focuses on content, efficacy of thoughts, cogitations, ideology, reader’s point of view and even the atmosphere of work creation. Layered stylistics analyses the text using Literary Analysis approach in five different layers of phonetic, rhetorical, syntactic, lexical and ideologic, and after expressing each of these five layers, it intends to show the text’s special features and lineaments in a suitable condition in order to express writer’s cogitations, thoughts and inner feelings that underlies his personal style.In this article, it is trying to analyze stylistic features of these two poems “Asrar-e-khodi” (The secrets of self) and “Romuz-e-bikhodi”.“Asrar-e-khodi” the first and the most important poem of Iqbal Lahori, is written in verse about self-awareness and theology using new philosophical, social and political ideas. His second poetry book “Romuz-e-bikhodi”, in fact complements the “Asrar-e-khodi”. In “Romuz-e-bikhodi”, he again talked about that a Self (khodi) after being trained, should serve the society, and the integrity of self is to join the population.Eghbal used different levels of phonetic, lexical, semantic and rhetorical to reach his more basic and important goal that is to express the idealogy and change the Muslim’s lifestyle and the most important thing that indicates his style is the level of vocabulary usage, he added the best new compound words to Persian language.

Cucurbits are among the main vegetable crops that are extensively grown in commercial greenhouses, plastic tunnels, and open farms in many areas of Iran. Many begomoviruses are known to cause serious damages in economically important cucurbit crops such as watermelon and melon. Among these viruses, WmCSV has been quoted as one of the major limiting factors for cucurbit production throughout the south of Iran. Begomovirus genus is a member of Geminiviridae family that has the most species in comparison to other viral genus infecting plants. Begomoviruses are notorious pathogens infecting dicotyledonous plants globally. Thereare transmitted exclusively by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Whitefly is one of the most important and prevalent pests in the warm south and southeast provinces of Iran and infects cucurbits fields in Sistan and Baluchestan province with a widespread population. Begomoviruses are single-stranded circular DNA viruses and have been observed in a wide host range of plants. There are different reports of infectious Begomoviruses species such as Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) from a world that can damage the cucurbits. The purpose of this study is to find the phylogenetic relation of WmCSV isolates from Sistan and Baluchestan province, which is located southeast of Iran, together and other isolates from the world, too. Because of this province is the largest area, with about 11.4% of the total area of Iran.

To identify the WmCSV infecting cucurbits in the southeast of Iran, several surveys in different regions of Sistan and Baluchestan were selected for the study, including Saravan, Iranshahr, Nikshahr, Sarbaz, Konarak, Chabahar, Zabol, Zahak, Hamoon, Hirmand, Nimroz, and Zahedan. Sampling has been taken from different cucurbits, such as different kinds of melons, watermelon, and squash, in 2015-2017. The samples were taken from plants showing viral symptoms such as vein yellowing, stunting, chlorotic, and mottling, deformation and severe reduction of fruit size and co-infection with whiteflies. The collected samples were transformed into the laboratory and the total DNA was extracted. To identify WmCSV were used from specific primers, Gem-CP-V-5' and Gem-CP-V-3' detecting Begomovirus genus in cucurbits. PCR products have been sequenced and blasted in the GenBank NCBI database and submitted there. Then, carried out the Alignment of acid nucleotide sequences and description of the phylogenetic tree by MEGA5 software. The Identity and differences percentage of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus nucleic acid sequence from Sistan and Baluchestan province isolates with together and other areas of Iran carried out by MegAlign software too.

All areas of sample collection of Sistan and Baluchestan province were infected with WmCSV in this study. Positive PCR watermelon samples have been infected to WmCSV, severity. The expected PCR products, 550 bp size, from 16 amplified partial CP genes from different areas of Sistan and Baluchestan province in Iran were done sequencing. Phylogenic sequencing analysis results of isolates from other countries and other regions of Iran also WmCSV isolates in this research from Sistan and Baluchestan province, classified them in two apart groups involves A and B. The A group was divided into 2 groups, that were named AI and AII. Isolates of Sistan and Baluchestan province from this research involved both of them. These findings seem to indicate Sistan and Baluchestan as of the possible origins of WmCSV in Iran. There was no relationship between geographical source and host in this province. Some isolates of this province had a near relationship to Oman and Saudi Arabia isolates.

WmCSV can be considered as a serious disease threatening watermelon production, in Sistan and Baluchestan province in the southeast of Iran as severe symptoms. On another hand, individually or in interaction with other begomoviruses, WmCSV can cause severe damage in farms infected by whiteflies. Probably, the spread of isolates belong Sistan and Baluchestan province and Oman or Saudi Arabia has been taken by whiteflies that transformed via between Iran and these countries, because of the most relationships between the WmCSV isolates of these countries. More importantly, performing collaborative studies with neighboring countries such as Pakistan and India, seems necessary. Also, further studies on Iranian isolates of WmCSV that occurred on either cultivated or wild plants are essential to have a better understanding of the viral epidemics in the country. The results of sequencings will be used to design constructs inducing RNA silencing as a resistant strategy, against WmCSV isolates that were classified in both two groups.

In this paper, broadband antennas with reconfigurable capability in circular polarization are presented for use in communication links. To achieve the impedance bandwidth and its relatively good circular motion, a German has been proposed that has a falcate patch and two L-shaped probes for feed lines. The proposed antennas can create a left-hand or right-hand circular polarization using an RF switch located in the feeding network. The two structures are analyzed and simulated. The first structure, which is a single antenna and a sample of which was made, has a measured impedance bandwidth 62% (S11 <-10dB) and 3dB axial ratio 49% (AR <3dB). The second structure is an array antenna 1*2 with two falcate patches, four L-shaped probes, and two Wilkinson power dividers. In this array, sequential rotation feeding networks used for enhancement axial ratio bandwidth. According to the simulated results, the impedance bandwidth and AR of the array antenna are 67% (1.31-2.62GHz) and 60% (1.3-2.4GHz), respectively, which is wider than the single antenna. The maximum gain of the array antenna is 10dB in effective bandwidth. These antennas can be used in communication links, electronic support measurement, jamming systems in L and S bands.

Evaporation is one of the main elements of hydrologic cycle. Accurate estimation of pan evaporation is very important in many water-related activities such as irrigation and drainage projects, water balance studies, reservoir operation, and the like. The class A pan is one of the main pan evaporation instruments, which is used in standard synoptic weather stations in Iran. Direct measurement of evaporation is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, different empirical models, which use different meteorological variables, can be used to estimate pan evaporation. This is so crucial in arid and semi-arid countries such as Iran, where the climate is mostly hyper-arid and it is not easy to measure evaporation directly. In the recent decades, by the development of computers many data driven models have been created for estimating evaporation. One of the intelligent models widely used to hydrologic processes is Bayesian Network Model, which was introduced by Bentin in 1990, and then applied for neural networks by MacKey (1992). Bayesian networks (BNs), also known as belief networks (or Bayes nets for short), belong to the family of probabilistic graphical models (GMs). These graphical structures are used to represent knowledge about an uncertain domain. In particular, each node in the graph represents a random variable, while the edges between the nodes represent probabilistic dependencies among the corresponding random variables. These conditional dependencies in the graph are often estimated by using known statistical and computational methods. Hence, BNs combine principles from graph theory, probability theory, computer science, and statistics. GMs with undirected edges are generally called Markov random fields or Markov networks. These networks provide a simple definition of independence between any two distinct nodes based on the concept of a Markov blanket. Markov networks are popular in fields such as statistical physics and computer vision. BNs correspond to another GM structure known as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that is popular in statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence societies. They enable an effective representation and computation of the joint probability distribution (JPD) over a set of random variables (Reggiani and Weerts, 2008). In addition, BNs model the quantitative strength of the connections between variables, allowing probabilistic beliefs about them to be updated automatically as new information becomes available. In this model, the unknown relationships between parameters in processes can be shown by a diagram. This diagram is non-circular, and has directions composed of nodes and curves for showing the possible relationships in parameters (Money et al, 2012). Therefore, the main objective of this study is modeling of daily class A pan evaporation using the Bayesian Network model in six stations of East Azerbaijan Province.

The aim of this study is to investigate the  properties of the  La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Mn0.2O3-δ (LSFM)compound as cathode of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The LSFM compound was synthesized by the  sol-gel process. Thestructural, electrical and electrochemical properties of LSFMwere tested via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high temperature four-probe resistivity measurement (HTRM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The X-ray pattern showed  that sample had a Rhombohedra structure and space group symmetry of LSFM is R-3c; also, the LSFM had  good chemical compatibility with YSZ electrolyte. The conductivity of the sample was increased with raising the temperature. The maximum electrical conductivities for the LSFM compound were  equal to  3.64 S.cm-1 in air at 739 ℃. The cathode area specific resistance of LSFM was 1.69, 1.01, 0.63, 0.52, and 0.45 Ω cm2 at 600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 ℃, respectively

Heat shock proteins in Closteroviruses play many roles, especially moving from cell to cell to create systemic contamination. In the present study, the genetic differences of the heat shock protein gene of Iranian isolates of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus. Also, the selection pressure imposed on selected isolates was estimated and the. For this purpose, 195 samples with symptoms such as yellowing, stunting and leaf deformations were collected. From the cucurbits field of Sistan and Baluchestan province and for 15 samples a 462 bp fragment using specific primers for the heat shock protein genetic region of the CCYV was amplified by RT-PCR and 7 isolates were phylogenetically analyzed. The results showed that 7% of the samples were infected with Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in surveyed areas. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that CCYV isolates were divided into two Iranian groups and East Asia, and isolates of Sistan and Baluchestan were divided into two separate branches. The putative amino acid sequence of heat shock protein alignment and Selection pressure studies on 7 isolates in the study with 3 Iranian isolates and isolates from other countries of this virus showed: the HSP70h gene in Iranian isolates and other isolates of this virus is under positive selection pressure at codon 82 leading to change of nucleic acid sequences (CTC to TTC) for isolates from the central regions of the province and isolates from Zabol, Hirmand and Nimroz at position 244, respectively, And the leucine amino acid has changed to phenylalanine in the heat shock protein. The results indicate that there are various CCYV isolates in the country, and the difference in nucleotide and amino acid sequences may reflect the differences in the host origin. Therefore, selection pressure has been implicated in the genetic diversity of the isolates.

Yellowing disease of greenhouse and open-grown cucurbits by whitefly-transmitted viruses is dramatically rising in the world and Iran. To study the viral infection of cucurbits in Sistan-Baluchistan Province, 195 leaf samples with viral symptoms were collected and tested for infection of some prevalent cucurbit viruses by RT-PCR using specific primers and some expected amplified DNA fragments were sequenced. Results confirmed the presence of viral infection (%59) in all surveyed areas. Including CABYV, CYSDV, CCYV, CVYV and WmCSV. The most infection of collected samples were %43, % 28 and % 8 of WmCSV, CVYV and CYSDV respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CYSDV isolates were divided into two sub-groups of East and West and two SB and SB2 isolates with 12 Iranian isolates and 4 Saudi Arabia isolates were clustered in eastern subgroup. Also genetic studies on the part of the coat protein gene showed that in Iranian isolates and Eastern subgroup the CGA had changed to CCA which led to the substitution of Glutamine by arginine at the codon position 73 of coat protein. Therefore, the nucleotide differences of Iranian isolates than the isolates from different regions indicate high genetic diversity and long dating of this native virus in Iran. 

Yellowing diseases of field and greenhouse-grown cucurbits caused by whitefly-transmitted viruses are increasingly becoming important and cause economic losses in many cucurbits growing areas of the world. In this research, 195 samples with symptoms yellowing, stunting and deformation of leaves were collected from fields of cucurbits in the South-East Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan). In order to detect CVYV and CYSDV, cDNAs were prepared using Random Hexamer primer and total RNAs extracted from the collected samples.Then, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed using exteracted RNA and specific primers (CYSCPf and CYSCPr for CYSDV, CV+ and CV- for CVYV). The results revealed that a 450 bp fragment from the CVYV-CP and a 700 bp fragment from CYSDV-CP were amplified from 55 and 17 samples, respectively. About 7% of the samples had simultaneous contamination with the two viruses. Based on the Phylogenetic studies CVYV were divided into two main groups I (subgroups IA and IB) and II: the first group belongs of isolates from Lebanon and Jordan, Tunisia and Spain, but the second group contained only isolates of Iran (Chabahar) which indicates the high diversity of this isolate. The results of the genetic diversity and selection indices showed that the gene flow from Europe to Asia is very small and the genetic difference is high between them. The CP region is under severe pressure a negative choice, and has caused variation and evolution of the CVYV. Generally, based on the results, the most diversity molecular and host are in Asia group.

Varamin is one of the major producer regions of cantaloupes which is located in southern Tehran. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of viral genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae and is causal agent of economically important losses in cucurbits. The CMV virions are isometric in shape and the genome is composed of three single-stranded positive sense RNAs. Each of the genomic RNAs 1 and 2 encodes a single large ORF and RNA-2 harbors an additional smaller ORF, 2b, involved in cell-to-cell movement and post-transcriptional gene silencing. The RNA-3 has two ORFs, 3a and 3b, encoding a movement protein and coat protein, respectively. Each of genomic RNAs has a Cap-like and tRNA-like structures at its 5ʹ and 3' ends, respectively. The virus is transmitted by different species of aphids in a non-persistent manner and is easily transmissible to the indicator hosts by mechanical inoculation. CMV is reported from several cucurbitaceae plants in Iran. Isolates of CMV are classified in different groups or subgroups based on different methods especially serology, RT-PCR-RFLP, nucleotide sequencing and phylogeny which are useful data for decision making or choosing the strategy during the development of CMV-resistant varieties and producing transgenic plants by RNA silencing strategy.

During 2014-2016, a total number of 132 leaf samples were collected from cantaloupes showing viral symptoms such as mosaic, mottling, leaf deformation and plant stunting. These samples were subjected to double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with specific antibodies (DSMZ, Germany) to detect CMV based on the manufactures’ instructions. Total RNA was extracted from ELISA positive samples as explained elsewhere. Two microliters of total RNA used as template in RT-PCR to amplify a 870 base pair (bp) fragment of partial CMV genomic RNA3 including the coat protein gene and its flanking regions using specific primers CMVCPf (5'-GCTTCTCCGCGAG-3') and CMVCPr (5'-GCCGTAAGCTGGATGGAC-3') corresponded to 1149–1161 nts and 1998–2015 of CMV strain Q, respectively. In order to address the subgroups of CMV isolates, RT-PCR products were digested by MspI (HpaII) restriction enzyme and electrophoresis was done on 1.5% agarose gel. We expected the presence of the bands with 335 and 537 bp in size for the sub-group I and 393 and 559 bp for sub-group II isolates of CMV. Then, based on the geographical distance of collected CMV isolates, the CP gene from four isolates were ligated into pTG19-T, an A\T cloning vector, and the recombinant plasmids were introduced in Escherichia coli. The selected plasmids were extracted via alkaline lyses method and selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced by Macrogen, South Korea. The sequencing data were aligned with those of previously reported CMV isolates. The alignment and pairwise sequencing to estimate similarity between nucleotide sequences were done with BioEdit software. The Phylogeny Inference package (Phylip) version 3.65 was used to draw phylogeny trees.

59 out of 132 samples (%44.69) positively reacted with CMV specific antibodies in DAS-ELISA. Expected DNA fragments of about 870 bp were successfully amplified via RT-PCR from the ELISA positive samples. in RT-PCR-RFLP for addressing the CMV subgroups, all MspI digested RT-PCR products from the tested samples produced two DNA bands of 537 and 335 bp and it was concluded that these isolates belong to the CMV subgroup I. Sequencing data of selected CMV CP clones showed 99-100% and 100% similarity between tested isolates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. These isolates shared 93-100% and 97-100% similarity with previously reported CMV isolates from Iran at nucleic acid and amino acid levels, respectively. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree, re-confirmed the results of RT-PCR-RFLP, and Varamin isolates were placed with few other Iranian CMV isolates including E12, Cues, D13, F13, Sh44, Csu and Cud which were collected from non-melon hosts. Isolate LOR-F, the only CMV isolate previously reported from melons, belongs to the IB subgroup of CMV. This is the first report of CMV subgroup I isolates from melons. 

The RT-PCR-RFLP and sequencing data confirmed the presence of subgroup IA of CMV isolates in Varamin, Pishva and Pakdasht cantaloupe fields whose express severe symptoms in melons. However, the change in Zucchini yellow mosaic virus has been reported from these area, the same isolate of CMV were distributed in the entire region. Unlike Zucchini yellow mosaic virus populations which has been changed in the Varamin, Pakdasht and Pishva regions, it seems that there is just one dominant CMV isolate widespread in these regions.

"Nowadays there are so many tools available for capturing the events and alerts within networks. The need for a system that could aggregate the information generated by these tools and combine them to make    better decisions is strongly acknowledged. If we could predict cyber attacks and estimate their effects     before they actually occur, we would be able to apply a better defense strategy and reduce the damage to our critical assets. The projection of cyber attacks is to predict them based on a certain framework using mathematical methods. One of these methods is the Transferable Belief Model (TBM). In this paper, we used the TBM to combine capability and opportunity of attackers - which are cyber attacks' projection  components- to project the future situation of attacks. We have also tested our results against our  customized high-level attack tracks dataset. The result of comparison between our algorithm and the  previously presented algorithm at the Information Fusion Centre of Malek-Ahstar University of Technology shows an average improvement of 7%.

Early-weaning of lambs could led to improve the efficiency and profitability of Baluchi ewes and lambs in Iranian sheep husbandry. Early weaning of lambs can stimulate growth of gastrointestinal tract, minimize weaning stress and guarantee post-weaning health. However, results on weaning age of lambs vary widely because of the effects of available feeds, feeding management and genotype. Iranian rural and nomadic herders are usually weaning their lambs when the pastures are in good condition. Reducing the duration of suckling lamb can be associated with optimal results, including sales of surplus milk of ewes and helping the herder household’s economy and entering the early weaned lambs into the feedlot systems and breed the ewes in a well-controlled condition. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate weaning age of Baluchi lambs to achieve the better production and economic performances as well as the higher ewe's reproductive efficiency. Thirty monoparous Baluchi ewes in their second lambing with an average body weight of 47± 0.5 (Kg) and their lambs (15 males and 15 females with an average birth weight of 4.5 ± 0.05 Kg) were allocated to the experimental groups randomly. The lambs were left with their mothers for 3 days, in order to consume adequate colostrum and then were divided into 3 groups according to their gender (5 males and 5 females in each group) and kept in individual boxes. The experimental ewes were also kept separately in individual boxes. These lambs were allowed to be with their mothers twice a day for 2 hours. Lambs had free access to water and TMR ration including 10% Alfalfa leaves and 90% concentrate. Ewes also had free access to water and a TMR ration containing 65% alfalfa hay and 35% concentrate. The respective lambs were weaned at ages of 4, 8 and 12 weeks, abruptly and fed with the above noted TMR ration. The birth weight of each lamb and the weight of ewes were recorded at birth and until the end of the test weekly, each of the ewes and lambs were weighed individually before morning feeding. During the experiment, every two weeks, samples were taken from forage, consumed concentrate and existing residues, and their dry matter and nutrient content were determined. The average daily weight gain, weight fluctuations, dry matter intake, milk consumption and blood parameters at age of 12 weeks in lambs, weight fluctuations, dry matter intake at weaning time in ewes and benefit to cost ratio were measured. Data were analyzed with Proc GLM of SAS (9.1) software in completely randomized design. Based on the results, early weaning of lambs at age of 4 weeks led to a significant (P<0.05) improvement in average daily weight gain, body weight, dry matter intake, reduction in milk consumption at the end of week 12 by lambs, and improvement in body weight and dry matter intake at the weaning time by ewes. Also, the daily milk consumption of lambs showed that the production of milk decreased gradually from the ninth week after lambing. ALP enzyme levels and IGF-1 hormone in serum of lambs weaned at age of 4 weeks were higher in comparison with the other 2 groups. In this experiment, the average cost of feed for lambs weaned at age of 4 weeks was significantly higher than the other two groups, and in the ewes, this ratio was in contrast. On the other hand, the average cost of milk consumed by lambs in the three groups was completely reverse the feeds and the differences between groups were significant. The cost of labor was also significant in the groups due to the variability of the number of days. Average weight loss of ewes from lambing to weaning their lambs at age of 4 weeks was significantly lower than the other two groups. The average benefit from lamb weight gain in the group weaned at age of 4 weeks was significantly higher than the other two groups. Also, the benefit from ewe weight gain from the weaning to mating (2 weeks after weaning) was significantly higher in the ewes weaned their lambs at age of 4 weeks than in the other two groups. The benefit to cost indicator showed weaning of lambs at age of 4 weeks could be a suitable and economical management practice in rural and nomadic situation in sheep industry. The obtained results revealed that early weaning of lambs (at age of 4 weeks) may be regarded as a method of lambs and ewes' management in Iranian sheep husbandry. Preparing ewes for the next pregnancy and reducing the lambing interval are the noticeable results. The offered feeds can be used efficiently, and ewe's readiness for the next pregnancy increased by lowering metabolic stress. Furthermore, according to the benefit to cost ratio indicator, better economical outcome could be resulted.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) a species of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, is one of the most prevalent viruses of canola fields in Iran. So far, commercial resistant lines or varieties against TuMV have not been known in Iran. In this research, the possibility of inducing resistant to TuMV in transgenic canola lines carrying a short fragment of the coat protein gene of the virus was evaluated. Therefore, a 130 nucleotide fragment of TuMV coat protein gene, as sense or antisense orientations, were cloned in the pFGC5941 vector independently and then were transformed to canola cotyledonary (Hayola R-Line 401 variety) explants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Selection and confirmation of transgenic T0 and T1 lines were carried out via PCR and glufosinate ammonium herbicide (selective marker) resistance assay under greenhouse conditions. After virus inoculation to T1 lines, resistance assay was done by the scoring system. The obtained results confirmed that transgenic lines with sense construction did not show any resistant. However, several transgenic lines with antisense construction showed a different level of resistant to TuMV including delay in symptoms appearance and a decrease in symptoms severity (0-30% of T1 progeny) or symptoms recovery (10-66% of T1 progeny). This is the first report of increased resistant against TuMV via transformation of a short viral fragment sequence with the antisense orientation in canola.

One of the appropriate methods to naturally enriching and improving the qualitative properties of bread is to use different alternative fiber sources such as aloe vera powder. This research seeks to investigate the effect of adding aloe vera powder to flour in order to produce Barbari bread and investigate the rheological characteristics of dough and the physiochemical properties of bread. In this research, the effect of aloe vera powder on of Barbari bread at five levels of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 percent (w/w based on flour) has been studied. The investigation of rheological characteristics of dough by Farinograph and extensograph devices, properties of the baked bread by texture analyzer and finally sensory analysis on the produced bread were evaluated. By adding aloe vera powder, the amount of water absorption increased accordingly and the highest absorption was recorded at level 9. Dough development time increased with adding aloe vera powder and the highest increase was recorded at levels of 6 and 9 percent. However, dough stability decreased with increasing the percentage of aloe vera powder. The hardness of control sample at intervals of 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours was increased and at the fourth and the first days had the highest and lowest hardness, respectively. Bread toughness was changed in the range 7.87-60.7 mJ. Adding aloe vera Powder at 6 and 9 levels caused an improvement in water absorption, a decrease in development and an increase in the resistance to elasticity of Barbary dough.