فهرست مطالب مجید عباسی

In this research, the deformation pattern of Alborz is investigated using a combination of data from the new permanent GPS networks that belong to State Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties (SHAMIM) and Tehran Municipality (SAMT), the new temporary IASBS_NCC network and the permanent and temporary stations of the National Cartographic Organization. The addition of the 27 new GPS stations has improved the obtained velocity field, which shows that the active deformation happens across the entire width of Alborz from south to north by several faults and active fault zones. Contrary to the common belief about the strain partitioning in the Alborz Mountains between the strike-slip faults in the southern flank of the Alborz and along the compressional south-dipping Khazar fault in the northern flank of the Alborz, the new velocity field indicates a spread of strike-slip and compressional movements along different faults across the width of the Alborz. In previous works, due to the lack of GPS stations between the Khazar fault and other active faults in the northern flank of the Alborz (e.g. North Alborz fault), all the observed deformation in the northern flank of the Alborz has been associated with the Khazar fault. In the improved velocity field, the presence of a new GPS vector between the North Alborz and the Khazar fault in the eastern part of the Alborz indicates a dominant role of the North Alborz fault in the strain accommodation once compared to the Khazar fault. Like the previous works, the new velocity field shows a lower total strain for the western Alborz, which is consistent with the lower observed seismicity in the western Alborz. The new velocity field indicates an active extensional system in the western Alborz in a longitude range of 49o to 50.5o around the Tarom Valley. The extensional system might be related to the counterclock wise rotation of the South Caspian Basin relative to Eurasia. The improved velocity field shows a noticeable strike-slip motion of 2 mm/yr at the northern edge of Central Iran which could be related to the Aran-Torud fault zone and Attari fault. There is also a shortening rate of ~2 mm/yr between the northern edge of Central Iran and the Eastern Alborz which could be related to the salt tectonic within the Great Kavir fault. The improved velocity field shows a right-lateral strike-slip motion of ~1 mm/yr across the Indes and Kushk-Nosrat faults. Despite the observed large seismic activity and a geological slip rate of 2 mm/yr for the eastern part of the Mosha fault, both strike-slip and compressional slip rates along the Mosha fault are less than 1 mm/yr. Within a radius of ~50 km from the center of Tehran metropolitan area, there is no noticeable rate of strike-slip or compressional movement and the strain rate is around the error limit or less than 1 mm/yr. The low strain rate implies a very long earthquake return period for large earthquakes in Tehran metropolitan area.

The study investigated the impact of pouring temperature and squeeze pressure on the microstructure of a Zamak 5 alloy reinforced with alumina preform composite. The experiment involved conducting squeeze casting at three pouring temperatures (450, 500, and 550 degrees Celsius) and three pressures (15, 25, and 35 MPa) using a hydraulic press with a 20-ton capacity and a cylindrical chamber mold (30 mm in diameter and 60 mm in height). Subsequently, the solidification microstructure, casting defects, and hardness of the manufactured composites were assessed. Microstructural analysis was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes with elemental and image analyzers. Hardness was measured using the Brinell method. The findings revealed that certain microstructural characteristics, such as the secondary dendritic arms spacing and the number of eutectic cells, decreased with increasing squeeze pressure and pouring temperature. The study demonstrated that the effect of squeeze pressure, particularly up to 25 MPa, had a more pronounced influence compared to pouring temperature. Furthermore, it was observed that higher pressure and melt temperature facilitated a stronger connection between the base metal and the preform, resulting in proper filling of the preform's pores. Based on the microstructural analysis and hardness evaluation, the minimum squeeze pressure of 25 MPa and a pouring temperature of over 500 degrees Celsius provide suitable conditions for producing composites.

Today, degradation analysis is one of the most important approaches in evaluating the reliability of multi-component systems. As it is clear, improving the performance of real systems requires the use of efficient and predictable approaches to analyze degradation with considering the interaction of system degradation processes on each other. The literature review shows that degradation analysis of multi-component systems has been investigated in various researches, but the approach in which there is a profile relationship between the degradation processes of the system components has not been considered so far. When there is a functional relationship between the degradation processes of one or more components, it is called a profile in the statistical process control literature. The aim of this study is to provide an efficient approach to predict and evaluate the variability of degradation processes in the presence of multivariate profiles under the conditions of stochastic dependence. In fact, the proposed approach offers the possibility of predicting and evaluating the variability of degradation processes at the component and system level. In this paper, in order to evaluate the proposed approach, the data set of a multi-component system with a structure of 2 out of 3 has been used. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Aging is associated with significant changes in cognitive abilities, however, the lack of a suitable and short measure in Iran to assess the cognitive status of older adults is evident. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and reliability of short portable mental status questionnaire for older adults. The statistical population of this research included all people over 65 years old living in Arak, Iran in 2019, among whom 240 older adults (128 men and 124 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, Pfeiffer et al.’s short portable mental status questionnair (SPMSQ) and Wechsler memory scale (form I) were used. Descriptive statistics as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyze the data in SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results of data analysis figured out that the internal reliability according to Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire, CFA and convergent validity were used, and the results of the CFA indicate the desired validity of the questionnaire. Morover, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant relationship between the people’s scores in mental status questionnaire and their scores in Wechsler memory subscales, as such the correlation coefficient between the mental status score and the memory score obtained to be 0.71. The results indicated that SPMSQ has a good reliability and validity coefficient. Therefore, based on the results of the current study, clinical experts are suggested to use SPMSQ to diagnose the cognitive impairment in older adults.

Identity is one of the factors that has always been influential in the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. But the victory of the Islamic revolution made this factor more prominent. Especially, the Islamic revolution of Iran is based on the Islamic-Iranian identity with an emphasis on the Shiite factor. An identity that is in conflict with the Islamic-Arabic identity of the Saudis with an emphasis on Wahhabism. In addition, the political identity of the Saudis is defined in closeness and unity with the West, but the Iranian identity is introduced with the unity of the Islamic world and in conflict with the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what are the consequences of the different political-social identities on the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia after the victory of the Islamic Revolution? The findings of the research indicate that different political and social identities are influenced by the ideology of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, centered on the Shiite religion in confronting the domination system and striving for a culture of resistance, and Saudi Arabia, centered on Wahhabi thinking, in cooperation with the domination system and in opposition to The culture of Islamic resistance has led to the adoption of confrontational policies by both sides in bilateral relations, regional crises and international competitions. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the data collection tool is library-documentary.

Artificial intelligence has brought vast developments in various fields for humanity, especially in the field of health. Medical innovations, such as the use of intelligent robots and intelligent nurses, bring many hopes in the field of prevention and treatment of diseases and management. It is more appropriate for patients to live. However, regulation in the field of artificial intelligence application for therapeutic and health uses is still one of the areas that has been raised as a challenge.

This research was of a theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library and it was done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Ethical Considerations:

 In the current research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, originality and neutrality of the work have been respected.

While the type of civil liability resulting from the use of artificial intelligence in medical surgeries in Iran's legal system is subject to the civil liability law of 1940 due to the lack of specific legal provisions, and fault-based civil liability prevails in this legal system. The US type of civil liability is absolute civil liability.

The civil liability resulting from the use of artificial intelligence in medical surgeries mainly arises in two forms of negligence and breach of warranty, while in Iran's legal system, the civil liability resulting from the use of artificial intelligence is the responsibility of the company that produces it, while In the American legal system, depending on the case, the company, the surgical team or even the artificial intelligence itself is subject to civil liability.

As two neighboring countries, Iran and the UAE have maintained relatively stable relations since the independence of the UAE in 1971. Except for the dispute over the triple Islands in the Persian Gulf and the UAE's pursuit of resolving this through international forums, there has been no significant tension in the relations between the two. The UAE's foreign policy has always been cautiously towards Iran and the country avoided a direct confrontation with its big northern neighbor. A new generation of UAE political leaders in 2011 began charting a more proactive approach to reshaping the Middle East security landscape in the country's favor, often focusing on countering the threat posed by the Muslim Brotherhood and other Sunni Islamist groups. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan of Abu Dhabi was and continues to be central to this approach. Although he holds no formal position in the UAE federal government, he has consolidated his role as Abu Dhabi’s, and indeed the UAE’s, de facto leader since his 2003 elevation as successor to the role of crown prince of Abu Dhabi. (Crisis Group, 2021) With the geopolitical changes in the Middle East, UAE leaders have seized the opportunity to influence on regional equations. In this regard, the UAE attempt to strengthen national security and enter into regional and extra-regional alliances and coalitions. For instance, it could be mentioned the active presence of the country in Yemen's war. Another important issue that should be noted is the endorsement of Abraham's contract with Israel which has led to the normalizing relations process between them. A significant issue that should be kept in mind is that with the signing of the agreement, Israeli has accessed to the security complex of the Persian Gulf, and this is considered a threat to Iran and its national interests. The purpose of this present research is to investigate the impact of the Abraham Agreement on the neighborly relations between Iran and the UAE. Using descriptive qualitative method and applying the two concepts of balance of power and strategic hedging, this study has analyzed the relations between theU AE and Israeli and also its consequences on the neighboring relations with Iran. The term “hedging” is widely used in the academic and policy literature. However, its casual usage has created conceptual confusion because its meanings is varying greatly. Most of the time, practitioners and policy researchers consider the term (hedging)parallel to “balancing,” remarking it to be an antonym of “engagement,” which recourses to an effort to create a cooperative relationship through political, military, economic, or social means. This “engagement-hedging” insight illustrates one’s political status: engagement emphasizes cooperation as a primary objective, whereas hedging is an insurance policy in the event engagement fails. (Koja,2018:636) Strategic hedging is a relative and incomprehensible concept that is innately difficult to quantify. Tessman and Wolfe have already noted to three primary resources that generate strategic hedging; economic capacity, military power and central government. (Salman& Geeraerts,2014: 3) The other concept is “balancing power”. Schweller offers the following definition of balancing centered on military capabilities “Balancing means the creation or aggregation of military power through either internal mobilization or the forging of alliances to prevent or deter the state occupation and domination by a foreign power or coalition(Schweller,2016:4). The term balance of power adverts to the distribution of power capabilities of rival states or alliance. The balance of power theory holds that when one state or alliance mounts its power or applies it more aggressively; threatened states will increase their own power in response, often by forming a counter-balancing coalition.(legalserviceindia.com). Being aware of its geopolitical position and mentality that there is an objective threat against the country's national security from Iran, the UAE entered into an interaction with the IRI as part of a "hedging strategy" to deal with this threat. In fact, the country considered Iran to be its biggest regional threat, and there were sources of mistrust and tensions between the two sides, including over the triple islands, the nuclear issue, the ballistic missile program, and accusations against Iran of inciting the political sentiments of Shiites in the UAE.In line with its dual policy of strategic hedging and balancing, the UAE has taken many defense and military measures in the past years. The UAE has quietly established its own independent defense force. Over the decades, this country has provided a relatively small but sophisticated military possess such as air force, special forces and offensive and defensive weapons with advanced technology. (El-Dessouki & Rafik Mansour,2020) On August 13, 2020, Israel and the UAE announced the normalization of relations between the two sides and the establishment of a new relationship. Contrary to the normative historical view of the Arab world regarding Israel, the UAE considers the regime neither an enemy nor a threat to the stability of the region. According to the worldview of Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the main threats to the UAE and its allies are the expansionist Iran and transnational political Islamists. In return, the UAE considers Israel a strong regional power, which has shared the view and it is willing to work alongside the UAE against regional enemies. Therefore, the official alliance with Israel has the strategic logics. (Rahman, 2021:2) Telaviv and Abu Dhabi consider Iran and Turkey as a threat to national security. These possible threats from Tehran and Ankara are reinforced by Washington's plan to reduce its military presence in the Middle East. The normalization agreement publicly and officially brings Israel and the UAE together, which will bring its own set of complex challenges and potential risks (Guzansky & Heistein, 2020). One of the important components of the Ibrahim agreement, although not specifically explained, is increased security cooperation against regional threats, especially from Iran and its proxies. It is important to mention that Israel and the UAE have had security relations since the past, but this agreement exposes them (COOK, 2020). As mentioned, one of the important articles of the Ibrahim contract is the security cooperation between the two sides that will probably create challenges for Iran in terms of security issues in the future. By having the support from USA, Israel enjoys a relative military superiority in the Middle East. However, drones, missiles and new cyber capabilities and other technologies may reduce this gap in the coming years. (Sachs & Huggard, 2020:12)In this research, we sought to find an answer to this question; what effect will the strengthening of relations between the UAE and Israeli have on the neighboring relations of this country with Iran? And the hypothesis that was raised in relation to the question was that the consolidation of the relations between the UAE and Israeli after the Ibrahim Agreement would cause the influence and indirect presence of Israeli in the vital security environment of Iran and as a result, changing in the balance of threats. It will intensify the skepticism of the neighborly relations of the parties. The findings of the research show that the security aspect of this cooperation is dangerous for Iran's national interests because it opens a foothold for Israel to the Persian Gulf region near the borders of Iran. Besides, the close intelligence and cyber cooperation between Abu Dhabi and Telaviv in the region could endanger the national security of Iran. Cyber-attacks on infrastructure, while being inexpensive, could be very dangerous.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Israel was recognized as the occupying regime of the Palestinian land. Therefore, Iran followed the policy and strategy of supporting the Palestinian movements in the fight against Israel. Israel felt threatened and tried to balance through the alliance with America against Iran. This article uses Stephen Walt's threat balance theory to answer that question why does Israel feel threatened by Iran and ally with the US? The hypothesis is that Iran's support for Palestinian resistance movements, efforts to achieve nuclear capability, Holocaust denial, and recognition Israel as the occupation regime are the reasons that Israel is closer to the US. Based on the theory of balance of threat, this is the main reason for Israel's hostility to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present article delves into the underlying motives and techniques employed by Western media in portraying Iran and Russia as adversaries. The study is underpinned by two primary theoretical frameworks, namely the advertising model and critical discourse analysis, which are utilized to scrutinize the language and social context of media texts. The central research question seeks to unravel the reasons behind the demonization of Iran and Russia by Western media. This article is an explanatory study that draws on library sources, and the method of analysis employed is discourse analysis. The findings of this research reveal that demonization is utilized by the West as a propaganda tool due to cultural and political disparities, nuclear concerns, support for terrorism, global threats, and regional competition. The creation of negative and hostile images of these countries serves to exert economic and political pressure while simultaneously presenting a positive and amicable image of Western actions. Western media commonly employ terms such as "regime," "dictatorship," "paramilitary," or "proxy" to describe Iran and Russia, while using positive terms such as "government," "democracy," "army," or "partner" to describe themselves. The language used by Western media reflects the interests, biases, and agenda of media owners.

The main purpose of this research is answer to this important question that what have been the main challenges in the foreign relations between Iran and the UAE in the post JCPOA period? And what effect do these challenges have on Iran's border security and territorial integrity?The findings of the research indicate that the beginning of negotiations and friendly relations between Iran and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region and efforts to restore relations between the countries of this region, especially the UAE, the issue of the three islands, the economic sanctions of the USA against Iran, the outbreak of the Yemen war,the Syrian crisis, the official relations of the UAE with Zionist regime have a significant effect on creating challenges in the relations between the two countries have been such that despite Iran's efforts to build trust and improve its relations with Arab countries, with the divisive actions of the Zionist regime and the USA these relations have moved towards divergence, in such a way that the political-security factors with the assertion of sovereignty over the three islands by the UAE and the support of major powers including the USA and the recent support of Russia to the statement of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in July 2023 that it introduced the UAE as the rightful ruler of these islands as the most important challenges in the foreign relations between Iran and the UAE in the post JCPOA period, this is considered a serious threat to the territorial integrity of Iran and will become a ground for insecurity and border tention not only in the Persian Gulf region. Which necessitates maintaining Iran's stable border security by strengthening and cultivating efficient Iranian forces such as Naja border guards in sensitive border areas of Iran mentioned as an example.

Effect of RF power on the structural, electrical and optical properties of cupric oxide (CuO) thin films was investigated. The films were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system powered by radio frequency source. The effect of applied power on the properties of the films was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used in order to study the structural properties and surface morphology and chemical composition of the deposited films, respectively. Simultaneous optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis has also been used to monitor the plasma during the deposition process. The results showed that the ionization in the plasma volume was to the extent that copper atoms were excited and even ionized in all three powers. Moreover, as the power increases, ionization was enhanced which resulted in enhancement of both the sputtering process and oxidation reactions. As a result, the deposition rate and the concentration of oxygen in the composition of the films were increased. The results of the Hall effect electrical analysis showed that the grown CuO thin films were p-type semiconductors. The investigation of increasing RF power from 25 to 100 W showed that the direct band gap of the films decreased from 2.22 to 2.17 eV and resistivity was also reduced from 2.93 kΩ.cm to 14.8 Ω.cm.

The economic diplomacy of China in the Middle East in general, and Syria in particular has entered a new stage. Proposing a new type of international relations and a society with a shared future for mankind, China is strengthening energy and infrastructure cooperation with Syria and expanding cooperation in finance, post-war reconstruction, the sanitation and health industry. Technological innovation and green development have become new motivations for improving cooperation, and a pattern of multi-level and multi-faceted cooperation between China and Syria has been formed.
 This research was conducted with the aim of China's economic diplomacy in post-ISIS Syria and with a descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results which obtained from the research, China adjusts its economic diplomacy in the Middle East in the new era by considering multi-dimensional factors: First, to respond to the new demands of both sides for economic development, looking for solutions to accelerate the growth of the model Economic cooperation with Syria and increasing high-level cooperation and promoting a peaceful and stable regional environment and strengthening diplomatic support. The results of the research show that Beijing's economic diplomacy, despite adhering to the principle of non-intervention, has more flexible and pragmatic approach. China's economic diplomacy is basically in such a way that it uses its diplomatic resources to intervene to protect its investments and assets when is necessary, and uses economic incentives to advance its defined foreign policy goals at critical points and in specific circumstances.

This paper aims to analyze comprehensively and structurally the different methods proposed in the literature by researchers, and identify the new fields for future studies.

Design/methodology/approach: 

In this research, the methods proposed in the literature have been explained comprehensively and structurally focusing on mathematical functions, assumptions, functional objectives, results, weaknesses, and strengths. Different types of dependencies between system components have been also considered in this study.

In this paper, the methods in the literature were clustered by a new approach based on the system type, dependency, the method of considering the dependency and the objective. The different challenges of this field of study in the future were also investigated in this paper.

Research limitations/implications:

 Few practical studies in the field of multi-component systems have been performed in the literature. 

Practical implications: 

Since the analysis of multi-component systems is considered an important and applied issue in the reliability field for different complex products, the discussion of this paper and the results can be used by technical experts in different industries.

Social implications:

 This paper can be used as a reference for increasing people’s quality of life.

Originality/value: 

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive analysis of multi-component systems is reported in considering its structure and applied approach

Turkey can be considered one of the important regional players that has adopted an "aggressive approach" in its foreign policy since 2015; Ankara, which once pursued a policy of "zero tension" with Davutoglu's neighbors, has since entered the political arena into several levels of political, security, and military tensions in the Middle East and the Caucasus. Critical points in the mentioned areas of role-playing and active presence of its behavior have changed in the form of play with the sum of zero. In fact, after the popular uprisings and the formation of three fronts of political (Shiite) Islam in central Iran, Saudi Salafi Islam and the Turkish Brotherhood Islam, the competition for leadership and introduction as the authority of Islam among the three actors intensified. Balanced in the form of network communication against the threats of Iranian political Islam. In this study, using the facts in the region and based on the analytical-descriptive method and using library and Internet resources, the main question is how Turkey has used the network deterrence strategy against Iran?The research hypothesis emphasizes that Turkey's foreign policy after the Arab uprisings of 2010 in order to create a balance of power through relations with national and ethnic actors in the political, economic, cultural, ideological and security dimensions

In this research, a steel specimen with the new chemical compositions of 0.3 C, 2.5 Si, 1.8 Mn, and 0.5 Cr (wt. percent) was cast. Intercritical annealing (IA) heat treatment was performed at three temperatures(i.e., 825, 850, 875°C) on these samples in 26 minutes to achieve the dual-phase steel. To determine the effect of intercritical annealing (IA) temperature, optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructures were studied, as well as mechanical properties via hardness, micro-hardness, and tensile testing. The results indicated that intercritical annealing temperature increased, martensite volume, hardness, and yield strength increased. Also, the tensile strength initially increased and then decreased. However, the sample intercritical annealed at 850°C showed maximum tensile strength (1532 MPa), and the sample intercritical annealed at 825°C showed maximum elongation (18.52 %), and strength–elongation balance (UTS×UE). This dual-phase steel showed two stages of hardening, with the increase of martensite, the slope of the second stage decreased, and the strain at the beginning of the second stage of hardening was transferred to lower strains.

Many general indicators have been proposed to assess an organization’s safety performance. However, due to their holistic nature, these indicators may not always reflect safety-specific aspects of an organization’s performance. In other words, the nature of an organization’s activities necessitates the use of specific criteria to better reflect safety performance. This study aimed to identify and measure key safety performance indicators using the Delphi method in Alborz Province Electric Power Distribution Company.

This descriptive, survey-based study utilized the Delphi method to collect the opinions of 11 safety experts in the electric power distribution industry. Opinions were gathered in four phases, and key indicators were determined in the last phase of the study. These indicators were subsequently used to evaluate the safety performance of Alborz Electric Power Distribution Company for three months.

This study identified and documented 34 safety activities. The expert group proposed 20 indicators in the first phase of the Delphi method. In the second and third phases, four and one indicators were eliminated, respectively, because they did not receive the required score. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated for the remaining 15 indices in the fourth phase. The results revealed that the mean quarterly performance scores of Alborz Province electric power distribution districts and departments in 2016, including Nazarabad, Savojbolagh, Mehrshahr, Fardis, West, East, Taleghan, and Eshtehard, were 78.9, 54.7, 78.8, 75.9, 75.7, 80.8, 61, and 83.5 out of 100 points, respectively.

The Delphi method is useful for identifying key safety performance indicators. The indicators discovered using this technique are active indicators (pre-accident) that are crucial in determining Alborz Electric Power Distribution Company’s safety performance. These indicators are suggested for use in evaluating the safety performance of other electric power distribution companies.

In this paper, the effects of some field factors in the non-destructive evaluation of the corrosion rate of the floor of oil storage tanks have been investigated using the magnetic flux leakage method at the industrial level. For this purpose, the effect of factors such as the cathodic protection system on the tank, the presence of waste, the presence of metal attachments (spot welding or spatter), distortion of the tank and the coating thickness of plate on the accuracy of the assessment of the size of defects in different situations have been studied. The field inspections were carried out in two oil tanks using the MFL3DiM magnetic flux leakage unit on the detected defects. Two standard steel blocks with thicknesses of 6 and 8 mm and 4 specific defects in different sizes (20, 40, 60 and 80% of the plate thickness) was used for setting and calibrating the device. Ultrasonic thickness measurement was also used to verify the results of MFL measurement.  In addition, the MFL results were clarified by an ultrasonic thickness measuring unit. The results of the evaluations showed that when the cathodic protection system is turn on, it caused a decrease in the measurement accuracy and the corrosion defects with a less than 22 mass loss percent are not identified. Also, the presence of a metal attachments (welding spot) with a height of 5 mm caused defects with a corrosion depth of less than 25% not to be detected. On the other hand, it was observed that the presence of attachments and waste on the bottom of the tank caused the error in detecting the depth of corrosion to be greater than the length and width of the defect. The presence of waste on the bottom of the tank caused defects with a corrosion depth of less than 18% not to be detected. Distortion in the bottom sheet of the tank caused false defects to be detected in the sheet and the dimensions of the real defects were reported completely wrongly. The presence of a coating with a thickness of more than 3000 micrometers made the defects of the calibration plates undetectable. Additional investigations showed that if the difference in the thickness of the non-magnetic coating on the sheet is higher than 500 micrometers, the dimensions of the detected defects are unrealistic and unreliable.

A person's attitude towards drugs is a type of thinking that may be logical or irrational. This type of attitude is often spontaneous, unconscious and permanent and cannot be easily changed. One of the methods that helps an addict to get to know himself is to examine the type of attitude and create a negative attitude towards addiction. Researchers have identified various reasons, including pressure from friends and peers, rebellion against parents, escape from life's adversities, emotional turmoil, alienation or rejection by others, life history, attachment styles and personality traits. Addiction is considered effective. As mentioned, one of the important factors that can have a significant effect on a person's attitude towards addiction is the person's attachment style. Many believe that addiction is a coping mechanism and attachment style can play an important role in the development of addiction, such as addiction to smoking, drugs, alcohol, and the InternetIn general, despite the fact that the student period is a sensitive and risky period and there is a possibility that students will be drawn towards drug use and addiction, modifying students' attitudes towards drugs can help prevent addiction in the university and society. May it be useful. In this regard, the current research intends to investigate the role of attachment styles and emotional schemas in predicting the general attitude towards addiction among students; Therefore, the researcher is looking for an answer to this question: do attachment styles and emotional schemas predict the general attitude towards addiction in students?

The current research is descriptive (correlation) and survey in terms of its purpose and applied. The statistical population of this research includes all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch in the academic year 2019-2019. available (online method due to the spread of corona disease through virtual networks by distributing the link of the online questionnaire-press online-) participated in the research. The attempt was to select the sample in such a way that all students such as natives and non-natives , girls, boys and different faculties should be present in the research.

After higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment has the largest contribution in predicting attitude towards addiction. The correlation coefficient of these three variables with the attitude towards addiction is 0.437, and these three variables have been able to predict nearly 20% of the changes in the attitude towards addiction, which is significant. The weight of avoidant attachment (B=0.246) (t=3.684) shows that this variable with 99% confidence can, along with variables of higher values and mental rumination, attitude In relation to addiction, in this research sample, explain that if the study sample is generalized to the main population, the weight of avoidant attachment will be 0.246 (Beta), finally, the higher the score of avoidant attachment, the more positive attitude towards addiction. It will be more. Table 3 shows that about 20% of the total variance of attitude towards addiction is explained by higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment. Other variables did not have a significant role in predicting positive attitude towards addiction.

The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' attitudes towards addiction based on attachment styles and emotional schemas. The results of the regression analysis showed that higher values, mental rumination and avoidant attachment in three steps are able to explain about 20% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction in a meaningful way in students. These schemas cause bias in people's interpretations of events, and these biases manifest themselves in interpersonal psychopathology in the form of misunderstandings, distorted attitudes, false assumptions, unrealistic goals and expectations. When emotional schemas are activated, it negatively causes bias in information. On the other hand, the temptation of materials goes through a process and each of the parts of this process can have a different contribution in speeding up this process, which according to the contribution of each one can prevent the temptation. This cycle starts with an arousing stimulus, and this stimulus, by affecting each part of the process, causes the person to be tempted. Inconsistent emotional schemas such as mental rumination increase temptation in people suffering from substance abuse. Maladaptive emotional schemas, such as being uncontrollable, which mainly refer to the suppression, avoidance and non-acceptance of emotions, prevent emotional processing and lead the person to use ineffective strategies, causing the continuation and intensification of unpleasant emotions.

Any behavior by any government in international relations that crystallizes in the foreign policy of that country carries special messages, ideas and meanings that are the product of the environmental conditions inside and outside that country. In the meantime, Turkey, under the rule of the Justice and Development Party since 2003, has always been trying to increase its influence and regional power in the peripheral regions, especially in the Middle East. In this regard, following the developments of 2011 and the popular uprisings of Arab countries in the region, within the framework of Davutoglu's doctrine of strategic depth; Ankara has tried to improve its position in the Middle East with several tools. During the last two decades, the element of water and hydropolitics has become one of the important, influential and strategic tools in the domestic issues and foreign policy of this country, along with other tools of Turkey such as (Brotherhood ideology, military power, energy hub, transit); Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what role water plays in Turkey's regional policies in the Middle East using descriptive-analytical methods. The hypothesis of the research emphasizes the fact that during the last two decades, Turkey has tried using its hydro-hegemonic position in the hydropolitics of the Middle East to use water in order to increase its internal political authority (increasing legitimacy, food security, energy security) on the one hand, and also, Use it as an asset, a tool, and also a strategic weapon in its foreign policies in the Middle East, on the other hand, in order to become a regional hegemon in the region. Therefore, some cases of using water as a weapon by Turkish leaders, regardless of jeopardizing the environmental security of countries in the region such as the Mughan plain in northwestern Iran, will result in acute security dimensions; In such a way that the possibility of Baghdad's internal and regional policies being dependent on Ankara is not out of the question; If in the analysis of the crisis in Syria, one of the important factors of the instability of this country can be considered the lack of access to water resources by the rural population.

Since the end of World War II, global developments have driven the world to expand collaborations. In addition to providing various solutions to peace, the Charter of the United Nations has made an extensive reference to the “human rights” and transformed this term into a discourse, the global compliance with which can be considered an important factor in the public acceptance of a country. This term has gained so much importance that all international mechanisms should be developed accordingly. In this regard, specific frameworks have been defined for sanctions in the UN laws, and the Charter of the United Nations will explicitly revoke the sanctions that violate the human rights. Conversely, the US has deprived Iran of both political and economic relations and obstructed its right to purchase drugs and medical equipment by imposing unilateral sanctions against this country. This paper aims to analyze the effects of the US sanctions on the violation of Iranian people’s right to health. For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical approach is employed to determine what impacts the US sanctions have had on Iranian people’s health in pharmaceutical and medical areas. Although drugs and medical equipment are officially considered humanitarian items and should not be sanctioned, the research findings indicate that the US has imposed unilateral sanctions on these items. Hence, it has violated the international laws and human rights, thereby adversely affecting Iranian people’s right to health.

For this expriment 1440 Ross 308 male broilers (from 1 to 42 days of age) were used in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments in six blocks. Experimental diets included: soybean meal (control treatment), raw soybeans, full-fat soybeans extruded (15%) at 90 and 150°C, and each of them with 0.02% or without (0.0) protease enzyme supplementation. The use of raw soybean compared to soybean meal or extruded full-fat soybean significantly reduced feed intake, body weight and relative carcass weight, as well as increased feed conversion ratio and pancreatic weight (P<0.01). weight gain was improved in diets supplemented by protease enzyme compared to diets containing raw soybean (P<0.01). Feed conversion ratio was improved in diets containing raw soybean and soy bean meal by dietary protease supplementation (P<0.01). Extrusion temperature did not affect the growth performance of experimental birds. Diet containing raw soybean without enzyme increased blood cholesterol levels (P <0.05). According to the findings of this study, the use of protease enzyme in diets containing soybean meal or raw soybean can improve the performance of broilers However, such effect is less pronounced in diets containing extruded full-fat soybean meal.