مجید مجیدی

Adolescence is one of the most challenging and at the same time the most attractive periods of life, considering the importance of this period of studying mental health and the experience of adolescents during the Corona period, it is necessary to pay more attention. A methodical study of adolescent’s experiences from the Corona period can provide a good description and analysis of this period and can be used for activists, planners and policy makers. The purpose of this research is to qualitatively investigate male students' lived experiences of Leisure and Cyberspace during the Corona era.

In order to investigate the experiences, actions and effects of Corona on the health and life of adolescents, a qualitative approach was used; Because the qualitative approach is used to discover and adapt real answers to real-world problems in a way that is not possible in a quantitative context, and qualitative research is a useful and sufficient way to obtain the nature of the information needed in relation to the problems of an experimental situation. Since the purpose of this study is to investigate and qualitatively explain the effects of quarantine from the point of view of the lived experience of adolescents; Therefore, the method of "phenomenology" is very suitable for entering into the lived world of people and examining their life experiences. The data collection tool was conducted through interviews, and for this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation of 13 male adolescent participants living in Tehran between February 2019 and May 2014. After the implementation of all the interviews, thematic or thematic analysis method, which is common in phenomenology, was used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.

The Corona pandemic affected the world community for more than a year, and according to the attitude and behavior of the people of the society, the changes and transformations that occurred in different parts of people's lives were different. Corona created a different lifestyle and conditions compared to the period before it; The way people deal with this phenomenon is important and has resulted in different results for them. The obtained findings were analyzed using the theme analysis method and led to the identification of two main themes, five sub-themes and twenty primary concepts. The two main themes are a) challenges and injuries, which include: 1. psychological challenges, 2. cyber space injuries, and 3. leisure time injuries, and b) adaptive reactions and coping, which include: 1. adaptive reactions and coping with leisure time, and 2. Adaptive reactions and confrontations of virtual space were obtained from the analysis of interviews. The theme of challenges and injuries was the most frequent in students' interviews compared to the theme of adaptive reactions and confrontations; According to the skills that the students had, their exposure and reaction in the field of Corona was different, but in general, the damages and challenges encountered were more than adaptation. On the other hand, with the passage of time and the provision of some trainings and the support of knowledgeable parents, their adaptability increased and they got rid of challenges and injuries. To solve such issues, especially in the field of education, it is necessary to provide appropriate strategies from social institutions, family and school.

The closure of schools and many places where students used to spend their free time has provided them with many opportunities and the communication and interaction of students with other family members, especially parents, has increased. The frequency of improvement of relations with parents is more reported than the conflict of relations with parents, and in other words, the quality of the relationship depends on the environmental conditions, the way of interaction, and the parenting style. The use of Cyberspace has grown significantly; On the one hand, the use of this technology has led to an increase in the awareness of public information and the acquisition of computer skills, and on the other hand, it has been associated with risks such as the lack of proper learning of courses, addiction to virtual space, and wasting time in this space. Increasing the opportunity to study, useful innovative programs and individual sports are among the positive behaviors that fill part of students' leisure time, and on the other hand, banning access to sports and recreational facilities, mismanagement in planning and doing daily tasks, and banning access to some places. It was reported by the interviewees to spend their leisure. The development of parents' skills in dealing with the educational status of their children and recognizing their educational and educational role, raising awareness about the advantages and disadvantages of cyberspace and improving the skills of interaction, conversation and family entertainment are among the suggestions that can be recommended to parents. Education and Training, as an official governing body, in cooperation with other governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations, can play an effective role in this field in terms of removing obstacles and creating suitable opportunities in the education of students. Holding student camps and developing the quantity and quality of these camps, holding training and skill workshops in the field of soft skills, media literacy for students, holding training workshops on media parenting and parenting skills for parents, and holding training and skill workshops on teaching techniques in the virtual environment and Active and purposeful exposure to students is one of the suggestions of the research.   Key words:  Adolescents, Leisure, Cyberspace, Corona, Covid 19.

The torque feedback of the vehicle's steering wheel or driver perception of the steering wheel is one of the aspects of steering quality that has been investigated extensively in recent decades. In this paper, the driver model for sensing torque feedback or haptic interaction between the vehicle equipped with a steer-by-wire system (SWB) and the driver has been designed. The driver model consists of a preview model and a neuromuscular model. The preview driver model calculates the desired angle of the steering wheel to follow the path, and the neuromuscular driver model that can perceive real-time torque feedback determines the real angle of the steering wheel according to muscular system transfer functions to follow its desired angle. Calculating of torques on the steering wheel requires estimation of the tire-road forces. Whereas directly calculating the tire-road forces is too difficult, particularly in the lateral vehicle dynamics, suitable estimator to estimate these forces designed. The simulation results using the Carsim and Simulink software indicate that the driver model performance improved 63 % when torque feedback is enabled. So the designed driver model with torque feedback has an important role in controlling and vehicle steering in conducting double lane-change maneuvers.