محسن جدیدی

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and schema-based couple therapy on marital burnout in women affected by their spouse's infidelity. The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which a pre-test-post-test design was used with a control group with baseline measurements after the intervention and 3-month follow-up. A total of 105 women affected by their spouse's infidelity who referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of the Welfare Department of District 1 of Tehran between May and September 1402, considering the entry criteria, 45 of those who were willing to participate in the study were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. All participants completed and measured the marital burnout questionnaire in three stages. The aforementioned emotion-focused couple therapy sessions (8 90-minute sessions) were conducted in a group setting. The hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the research intervention were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the two experimental groups in marital burnout and that emotion-focused couple therapy had better effectiveness (p<0.001). The results of this study showed that emotion-focused couple therapy can be used as a psychological intervention to improve marital burnout in women affected by their husband's infidelity.

Time perspective therapy, by altering individuals' perception of time, helps them establish a better balance between their past, present, and future, thereby distancing them from negative experiences. In contrast, positive therapy enhances psychological well-being by strengthening individuals' capabilities and increasing positive emotions. Although both approaches have shown effectiveness individually, there is insufficient research on the integration of these approaches and the potential synergistic effects on depressed patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated training package based on time perspective therapy and positive therapy on the quality of life and psychological well-being of depressed patients.

This research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all individuals referred to the Amin Counseling Center affiliated with Islamic Azad University in 2022. From these, 40 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups (20 per group). Data collection tools included the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (Ryff, 2002) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO, 1996). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 26.

Findings indicated that the integrated training based on time perspective and positive therapy led to a significant improvement in the quality of life of depressed individuals (p< 0.01). Additionally, the training was effective in enhancing psychological well-being (p< 0.01), and this effect remained stable over a two-month period (p< 0.01).

Based on the study’s results, it is recommended that health system officials conduct further research to monitor factors affecting depression and to focus on improving the quality of life of depressed patients. Establishing a database for patients with depressive disorders and implementing structured treatment programs is also advised.

 The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFCT) on sexual function in women affected by spousal infidelity.

 This research is a quasi-experimental study employing a pretest-posttest design with a control group, including baseline measurement, post-intervention assessment, and 3-month follow-up. A total of 105 women affected by spousal infidelity, who sought help at counseling centers and psychological service clinics of the Welfare Organization in District 1 of Tehran between May and September 2023, were considered based on the inclusion criteria. Out of them, 30 women who expressed willingness to participate in the study (with written consent) were randomly selected and assigned to either the experimental group (EFCT) or the control group, with 15 participants in each group. All participants completed the Sexual Function Questionnaire at three different stages of the study. The EFCT sessions (eight 90-minute sessions) were conducted in a group setting. The hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.

 The results showed no significant difference in the mean sexual function variable between the two groups at the pretest stage, indicating homogeneity between the groups. However, a significant difference was observed between the groups at the posttest and follow-up stages, suggesting the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variable and the stability of the effect at the follow-up stage (P < 0.001).

 The findings indicate that Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy can be used as a psychological intervention to improve the sexual function of women affected by spousal infidelity.

Societal realities indicate a decrease in the desire for marriage among students. This decline may be attributed to changes in thinking styles and decision-making processes, which significantly influence youth and communities, particularly in areas such as marriage and youth relationships. This study aims to investigate thinking styles and decision-making in the desire for marriage among students.

The present study is descriptive correlational research. The research population consisted of master's degree students at Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, in the academic year 2022-23. A sample of 229 individuals was selected non-randomly, using G*power software, based on availability and purposive sampling. 

Statistical results indicate that among the components of thinking styles, the conservative thinking style (β = 0.044, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) and the elitist thinking style (β = 0.009, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage. Additionally, among the components of decision-making style, the dependency component (β = 0.001, df = 2.226, P < 0.001) can predict the desire for marriage.

According to the results, young people are more cautious about marriage and the responsibilities of marriage and prefer to proceed according to conservative thinking with current customs and norms; Also, based on the oligarchy's thinking style, they have a challenge in prioritizing the important tasks of life, and apparently this is the reason that they are more interested in stabilizing their job conditions than marriage and partner selection.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based parenting on parent-child interaction and impulsivity of students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems. The statistical population included students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems who were studying in the first period of secondary school in the academic year of 2022-2023 in Islamshahr city. In this research, 35 students with externalized emotional-behavioral problems were selected by purposeful sampling (according to the criteria for entering the research) and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 students in the experimental group and 17 students in the control group). The parents of the students in the experimental group received the acceptance and commitment based parenting intervention during eight weeks in eight 90-minute sessions. Children and Adolescents Behavioral- Emotional Inventory (CABEA), Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PCIQ) and Impulsivity Questionnaire (IQ) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that acceptance and commitment based parenting has significant effect on the parent-child interaction (p<0001, Eta=0.53, F=37.42) and impulsivity (p<0001, Eta= 0.66, F=64.20) in the students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems. According to the findings of the present study, acceptance and commitment based parenting can be used as an efficient method to increase parent-child interaction and decrease impulsivity of students with externalized behavioral-emotional problems through employing Cognitive flexibility and familiarity of parents with psychological privacy and demarcation between parent and child, inappropriate control methods and ineffective and irrational beliefs and principles.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on the marital distress of women affected by infidelity. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with baseline measurement after intervention and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included the statistical population of the present study, including all women affected by the betrayal of Tehran in 1402, who had referred to counseling centers in the 1st district of Tehran. According to the research design, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). Marital burnout questionnaire was used in three stages to collect data. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotion-oriented couple therapy program, and the control group, which was on the waiting list, did not receive any training. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results showed that after controlling the effects of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of the two groups in marital despondency, which can indicate the effectiveness of the mentioned intervention on the mentioned variable and Also, the stability of the effectiveness is in the follow-up phase. The results of this research showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing the marital despondency of women affected by infidelity.

The lack of a tool to measure social media addiction has hindered the further development of the research field because there are few valid tools to measure this issue, and none of them have been approved in the Persian language. The general purpose of the present study was to construct and standardize the scale of social media networks. In the present study, the combined research method and mixed exploratory design were used as research strategy; The research method was used in the qualitative part, foundational data theory with the Strauss-Corbin systematic approach, and in the quantitative part, the correlational research method of the structural equations type was used. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included families referring to the family court of Tehran province, 32 of whom were purposefully selected and interviewed, and in the quantitative section, it included families living in Tehran province, and in the end, 413 people were selected by sampling method. Several stages were selected. In the analysis of the findings, 89 items were extracted and after checking the face validity, content validity and factor structure, 45 items were confirmed. Finally, the constructed questionnaire included 7 factors, which explains 65.64 percent of the variance. (first factor 23.06%, second factor 12%, third factor 7.16%, fourth factor 6.19%, fifth factor 5.85%, sixth factor 5.46% and seventh factor 5.20%) which indicates Validity of the questionnaire. . The results showed that the constructed scale can be used to assess social media addiction in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In addition, this tool examines the variables that are not examined in the famous scales of addiction to specific virtual platforms.

The aim of the present study was to explain the role of conformity and psychological hardiness in the pathological gambling of Golestan youth in 1401. The statistical population of the research included all young people and teenagers aged 16 to 30 years involved in gambling and had gambling behavior in Golestan province. The sampling method was based on the available targeted method and the number of statistical samples based on Green's formula was considered to be 164 people. The method of data collection was based on stubbornness questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982), Gambling Behavior Inventory (Colasanta et al., 2012) and conformity test (Latfi, 2012). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, and its value was found to be above 0.7 for the questionnaires. Likewise, content validity was used to test the validity of the questionnaire, and for this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS22 software in two descriptive and inferential parts (Pearson correlation and multiple regression). The results showed that 20% of the pathological gambling changes among teenagers and young adults are negatively and significantly explained. And in the second part, the results showed that commitment, control, and fighting are 28%, 26%, and 16% of the changes in gambling among teenagers and young adults in a negative and meaningful way.

Numerous studies confirm the effect of psychological factors on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as blood pressure. These diseases affect the quality of people's emotions and health. So far, various treatments have been performed to reduce blood pressure, but it seems that the role of psychological treatments such as treatment based on acceptance and commitment in regulating emotions and consequently reducing blood pressure has not been paid enough attention.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion regulation and blood pressure reduction in people with coronary heart disease.

The present research method was applied and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test and 6-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all people with coronary heart disease who were referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Nowshahr. The sample of this study includes 30 people with coronary heart disease who were selected using Convenience Sampling. The data were obtained using the emotion regulation questionnaire of Granfsky et al. (2001) and a sphygmomanometer. The protocol used in this research was based on the proposal of Herbert and Furman (2011), which was designed and implemented in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mancova method and analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and the above statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores before and after the intervention between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). The average blood pressure of the subjects in the pre-test of the experimental group was 15.16 and in the post-test stage, it was reduced to 12.83, while there was no significant change in the control group. Finally, the findings indicated that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment statistically affects emotion regulation and blood pressure reduction in people with coronary heart disease.

It can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used as an effective intervention to improve emotion regulation and reduce blood pressure in people with coronary heart disease.

Information and commun Virtual social networks have become the most similar to human society with the process of information explosion that they have undertaken and have become an important and influencing factor in couples' relationships. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of virtual social space in the relationships of couples referring to the family court, especially its effect on the functioning of the family and their mental health. The current research was among qualitative researches and three types of open, central and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the current study included couples referring to family courts, who were purposefully sampled and interviewed. The tool used in the present study was a structured and semi-structured interview. From the analysis of the conducted interviews, 207 open codes were obtained, among which 8 main themes were extracted to express the lived experiences of the interviewees, which included: "Internet addiction", "covering the emotional and mental void", etc. The result of the study showed that social-virtual space plays an important role in the process of socialization and re-socialization of couples; which, along with other factors, stabilize different attitudes and thoughts and also have a significant impact on their mental health. In summary, it can be concluded that excessive use of media, especially social virtual space, can cause many harms, including excessive dependence on technology, separation and loneliness, internet addiction, depression and boredom, psychological, physical, economic, etc. be in pairs.and boredom, and psychological, physical issues in couplesIntroductionInformation and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly social media networks, has significantly enhanced its influence on family dynamics, owing to its evolving utilization objectives and its ever-growing penetration. The significance of these platforms is highlighted across the family unit, owing to their extensive presence. In fact, virtual social networks, with the exponential growth they have experienced, bear a striking resemblance to the human society at large, and thus, exert a significant influence on marital relations. Studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the structure and daily routines of couples. In particular, its importance emerges in areas of communication, relationship development, education, work-life balance, leisure time, parenting styles, and others. In light of this, concentrating on identifying shortcomings, gaps, and risks associated with ICT usage in relation to the performance and functioning of couples becomes exceedingly pertinent.Literature ReviewNowadays, families face a myriad of technologies, particularly the introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to their homes. Stevenson (2011) acknowledges that its initial introduction is for educational aims, yet it soon extends to other spheres of socio-cultural life. While the multipurpose nature of ICT enables ease of life, it also breeds disputes among family members. Ghazanfar et al. (2015) assert that the application of ICT can modify the institution of the family itself, as well as its phases of development. Stress and other health-related concerns, safety issues, privacy infringements, access to inappropriate content, reduced social interactions, decreased family gatherings, and changes in dietary habits have become a frequent occurrence in the structure of modern families, arising out of their extensive reliance on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The number of users of this medium had been estimated at a threshold spanning between 150 to 180 million people in 1999. The figure elevated to over 200 million people in 2002, surpassing 1.5 billion people in 2008 and surpassed 2.4 billion people in 2012, exceeding 2.7 billion people in 2016, and surpassed 3.5 billion people by 2018. Thus, social media platforms have reached a state of widespread adoption and proliferation across all facets of society, culminating in the emergence of new patterns within marital relationships.MethodologyIt is necessary to understand the impact that social media networks have on the relationships of couples attending family courts. In this context, the present study constituted qualitative research and adopted thematic analysis to analyse the data collected. The initial sampling pool consisted of 27 couples (15 males and 12 females) attending family courts, among whom 24 individuals ultimately participated in the study. For this study, structured and semi-structured interviews were utilized as the main tools for data collection. The key questions are:How have social media platforms impacted the functioning of couples?What are the background factors associated with excessive usage of social media networks?What could be the repercussions of the excessive utilization of social media networks?ResultsUpon analysing the transcribed interviews, a total of 207 open codes were derived. These open codes were grouped into seven essential themes, each depicting the realities that the interviewees experienced, namely: "Internet addiction"; "Covering the emotional and mental void"; "Non-recognition"; "Online sexual activities"; "Expansion of entertainment through social networks"; "Psychological and sociological problems" and "Distorted perception of reality.The results of the present investigative study reveal a wide array of positive and negative impacts of extensive usage of virtual social media networks on interpersonal relationships. While digital platforms can enable communication and enhance communication for partners, such networks can, simultaneously, cause a loss of trust and communication between them. In addition, the results revealed that the availability and ease of accessibility of social media platforms can increase the likelihood of engaging in extra-marital online sexual activities, which can generate feelings of betrayal and distrust, causing an eventual breakup. Internet addiction, furthermore, was recognized as a significant drawback of virtual media networks in family functioning, and it is associated with adverse psychological and social repercussions, such as depression, anxiety, and decreased social support. Social media platforms can also lead to distortions of reality and unrealistic expectations within a relationship. Curated online profiles may lead to the presentation of idealized and filtered images and details about one's life, creating unrealistic expectations and feelings of inadequacy among partners. This, in turn, can lessen satisfaction and increase tensions in the relationship. The results of the present study revealed that virtual social spaces can contribute to the process of socialization and re-socialization of couples, and this, along with other factors, can potentially result in altering attitudes and perspectives and can also affect mental health.ConclusionThe widespread and multidimensional advancement of internet communication has introduced various challenges and issues to our contemporary existence. In spite of providing numerous benefits, such platforms can pave the path for the dissemination of misinformation, leading to the challenge and subversion of basic values. Social media networks, with their insidious influence, have altered human relationships to an unprecedented extent, enabling the control and manipulation of public opinions, fostering social unrest, and even instigating conflicts and crises. Excessive usage of media, primarily of virtual social platforms, has the potential to spark and exacerbate a plethora of harmful effects on marital relationships, including excessive reliance on technology, separation, and feelings of loneliness, internet addiction, depression, and boredom, on top of causing personal, familial, relational, emotional, psychological, physical, economic, and other difficulties within couples.

One of the factors that is considered in marriage and family counseling and plays an important role in the divorce of couples is perspective-taking. The perspective-taking is an active cognitive process in which people must overcome their self-centered perspective and imagine the world as it appears to others. The role of imago therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment has been confirmed in the dyadic perspective-taking of couples, but there is a gap in research regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of these two treatment methods on the dyadic perspective-taking of couples applying for divorce.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of psychological education of imago therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on dyadic perspective-taking of couples applying for divorce.

The present research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the couples applying for divorce who referred to the family counseling centers of Babol city in 2022, and among these couples, 48 people (24 couples) were selected using available sampling method, and they were assigned to two experimental groups and one control group and completed the couple's perception questionnaire (Long, 1990) in three phases: pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up. Protocols of imago therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were implemented for the experimental groups, but the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-22 software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the understanding view of couples (F= 3.770 and P= 0.001). In other words, both imago therapy interventions and treatment based on acceptance and commitment were effective in the understanding view of couples, but no significant difference was observed between the two interventions (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this research, it can be said that both imagotherapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment are effective in dyadic perspective-taking, and therefore, the use of these treatment methods by couple therapists can help improve the level of dyadic perspective-taking and stability of couples' relationships.

Academic procrastination as an educational problem affects all aspects of the educational system. students with procrastination experience problems in other psychoanalytical aspects. Although the literature of the current research has addressed academic procrastination, influential variables such as academic anxiety and social responsibility have been neglected.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural equation model of explaining academic procrastination based on the perception of the learning environment and social responsibility with the mediating role of academic anxiety.

The method of the present research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, structural equation modeling (path analysis). The statistical population of the research included all the students of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology in the academic year of 2021-2022, Among them, 350 people were selected by random cluster sampling, and they completed the questionnaires of academic procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), academic achievement anxiety (Alpert & Haber, 1960), perception of the learning environment (Roff et al., 2001) and responsibility (Kordlow, 2014). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation methods, structural equation modeling and with the help of SPSS-19 and AMOS-20 software.

The results showed that the variables of perception of the learning environment (-0.35 and -0.21), and responsibility (0.22 and -0.13) had direct and significant effects on academic procrastination and academic anxiety, respectively (P<0.05). Also, academic anxiety (0.27) had a direct and significant effect on academic procrastination (P<0.01). The results also showed that the two variables of perception of the learning environment (-0.13) and responsibility (-0.12) had an indirect and significant effect on academic procrastination.

Based on the results of this study, all three variables of academic anxiety, perception of learning environment, and responsibility had significant direct and indirect effects on academic procrastination. This model showed that it can be a suitable model for reducing academic procrastination and academic anxiety and strengthening the learning environment and responsibility of students. Also, conductiing the more studies with larger sample size could be helpful.

Modesty is one of the personality and moral characteristics that affects the individual and social life of a person. The main purpose of this research is to create and standardization the questionnaire of modesty. The method of the current research is correlational; The statistical population of this research was all undergraduate and graduate students, and finally, 400 participants were included in the present study using available sampling method. In order to collect data, a 37-question questionnaire the researcher made Modesty was used. According to experts, the validity of this questionnaire was obtained based on Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.80 and 0.65, respectively. Also, Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) with varimax rotation, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to check the psychometric properties of the questions; The results showed that the 37-question questionnaire developed to measure modesty has 7 factors, which explains 58.304% of the total variance of the modesty structure. Each of the following 7 factors in the order of self-control (10/739), self-esteem (11/126), moral ideology (7/892), behavior according to social customs and norms (4/687), sexual chastity (334/334) 9), chastity in speech (5.499), and chastity in look (9.028) explains a significant amount of the total variance. Also, the internal stability of modesty components based on Cronbach's alpha and Macdonald's omega indices was higher than 0.7, which indicates the acceptable homogeneity of the components of the desired structure. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the sub-components, respectively, self-control (0.845), self-esteem (0.892), moral ideology (0.909), behavior in accordance with customs and social norms (0.809) ), sexual chastity (0.961), speech in chastity (0.718), and chastity in look (0.925) were obtained; Therefore, the built scale provides the ability to measure modesty and can be used in the measurements of personality and social issues.

The purpose of this research is to explain the role of virtual social networks in the meaning of life of all students of Azad University of Quds in the academic year 1402-1401. This descriptive research was correlation type. The sample size was selected using Green's formula of 196 people and the random sampling method was simple. The collection tools in this research included the information sharing questionnaire of Chen (2020) and the meaning in life questionnaire of Steger, Fraser, Oishi and Kaler (2006). In this research, descriptive statistics (percentage frequency, average) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression) were used to analyze the data. The results of the research findings indicate that the meaning of life can be predicted based on the amount of use of virtual social networks. It also showed that information sharing has a positive and increasing effect on the meaning of life.

This research was conducted with the aim of predicting narcissism based on self-object needs, maladaptive schemas and defense mechanisms in military children. In terms of the purpose, the current research was among applied-survey research, the statistical population includes all the children of military personnel in Tehran universities, 350 of whom were purposefully selected. In order to measure research variables, Yang's early maladaptive schema questionnaires, Adams' narcissistic personality (NPI-16), Arbel's Self-Object Questionnaire (2014) and Enders' defensive styles (DSQ-40) were used. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-25 statistical software. The research results showed that self-object needs have a significant role on narcissism with a rate of 24.2%. The variable of primary maladaptive schemas on narcissism in male and female students with multiple regression test with the effect size in cut/rejection schema on narcissism, 34.5% and the domain of impaired self-management 41%, the domain of impaired limitations 32.8%, the domain of other orientation 39.3% and the domain of eavesdropping/inhibition have a role of 38.7% on narcissism. The role of defense mechanisms on the narcissism of military children with the effect size of these variables was 0.115 for the underdeveloped defensive style variable, 0.217 for the developed defensive style variable, and 0.327 for the neurotic defensive style variable. According to the research results of narcissism, a compensation strategy for primary maladaptive schemas, primary maladaptive schemas can be considered as one of the effective mechanisms in the transformation of the narcissistic personality trait.

Today, start-up businesses are an inseparable part of the transformation process in global markets. Considering that in our country the acceptance of start-up businesses is increasing, we must look for a solution for the end of these businesses in the current highly competitive market, so the solution to this problem can be found in entrepreneurial exit. The purpose of this research is to design an entrepreneurial exit model with an emphasis on job burnout in start-up agricultural businesses.

The present research is of applied type and based on descriptive-correlation method. The method of collecting factors affecting entrepreneurial exit is identified through interviews with 10 experts, and interpretive structural modeling was used to design the model, and Micmac method with Excel software was used for clustering.

The results showed that the components of constant financial tensions, the occurrence of psychological problems, a decrease in self-confidence and excessive perfectionism at the first level and the lack of resilience spirit at the second level and the components of low quality of work life, lack of enthusiasm for work, intolerance of external problems at the level Third, the components of despair and lack of foresight at the fourth level, weak entrepreneurial personality traits at the fifth level, lack of business economic justification at the sixth level, mental exhaustion at the seventh level, components of not having suitable work experience, lack of attention to people's competence and communication challenges at the eighth level. And the components of inappropriate business environment, lack of sufficient knowledge are at the ninth level, and the components of inappropriate business environment, lack of business economic justification, lack of appropriate work experience, lack of attention to people's competence, communication challenges and lack of sufficient knowledge in the independent cluster, perfectionism components are more than limit, lack of foresight, lack of resilience spirit, occurrence of psychological problems, decrease in self-confidence, lack of enthusiasm for work and disappointment in the dependent cluster and components of low quality of work life, constant financial tensions, mental exhaustion, intolerance of job problems Strength and weakness of entrepreneurial personality traits were placed in the linked cluster.

The basis of the entrepreneurial exit model with an emphasis on job burnout in new agricultural businesses are the components of inappropriate business environment and lack of sufficient knowledge. Finally, it is suggested that training courses be held for the managers of start-up agricultural businesses and by teaching them suitable methods of exit, they will be helped to continue their entrepreneurial life and start-up agricultural businesses have turned into dynamic organizations for the participation of employees with high abilities so that they can adapt to the competitive environment.

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is defined as fear or worry about the possibility of cancer returning or progressing. High FCR may adversely affect quality of life and increase healthcare expenses. This study examined the relationship between personality traits and fear of cancer recurrence with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation in breast cancer survivors.

In this descriptive correlational study, 300 women with breast cancer referred to Cancer Institute in Tehran for their regular follow-ups after treatment in 2022 and satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited based on convenience sampling. They completed the questionnaires online for FCR, five big personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Path analysis.

Results revealed that both adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation positively and significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and FCR at (P<0.01) and (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, the relationship between agreeableness and conscientiousness with FCR was negatively and significantly mediated by adaptive and maladaptive strategies (P<0.01).  Adaptive strategies negatively and significantly mediated the relationship between extraversion and FCR (P<0.01), and maladaptive strategies negatively and significantly mediated the relationship between openness and FCR (P<0.05) in breast cancer survivors.

Breast cancer survivors with neurotic personality traits employ maladaptive strategies instead of adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and exhibit more FCR. In contrast, patients with agreeableness, conscientiousness, extroversion, and openness personality traits employ adaptive strategies or avoid maladaptive strategies and exhibit less FCR.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the model of desire for addiction treatment based on addiction memory,desire to use and tolerance of ambiguity with the mediation of self-control in drug addicts seeking withdrawal.The method of the present research was a description of the type of correlation and prediction.The statistical population of this study included drug addicts who referred to addiction treatment clinics in Babol city.209 participants were selected as a sample using the purposeful and accessible sampling method and answered the questions of Chen et al.'s Addiction Memory Severity Scale (2018), Tanjeni et al.'s Self-Control Scale (2004), McLean et al.'s Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (2004).1993), Miller and Tunigan's (1997) scale of readiness to change and desire for addiction treatment, and Somoza et al.'s (1995) drug addiction scale answered.Data analysis using the structural equation modeling method showed that addiction memory has a direct role in desire for treatment (p<0.05, β=0.31);The desire to use has a direct role in the desire for treatment (p<0.05, β=0.39); Ambiguity tolerance has a direct role in desire for treatment (p<0.05, β=0.36); Self-control has a direct role in desire for treatment (p<0.05, β=0.79) and the model of desire for addiction treatment based on memory of addiction, desire to use and tolerance of ambiguity with the mediation of self-control is suitable in drug addicts seeking to quit..Further studies can be an effective step in creating motivation for treatment by eliminating and minimizing problematic factors and create a background to create enthusiasmforchangeinthelives of drug addiction patients.

The main aim of this research was to predict learned helplessness based on hope, meaning in life and achievement motivation of Afghan students in Iran. In terms of implement, this
research is part of descriptive correlation type research and in terms of purpose, it is part of applied research. All the Afghan students of Islamic Azad University in Tehran province
constituted the statistical population of this study. Using convenience sampling method and Green's formula (1991), 75 Afghan students of Islamic Azad University,Shahr-e-Qods
branch, who were studying in the academic year of 2022, selected. Quinless and Nelson's Learned Helplessness questionnaire (1988), Snyder's Hope questionnaire (1991), Steger's
Meaning in Life questionnaire (2006) and Hermans' Achievement Motivation questionnaire (1970) used to gathering data. After using the significance test of the coefficient correlation
and multivariate correlation regression analysis, the results showed that variables such as hope, meaning in life and achievement motivation can predict 10.3% of the variance of the
criterion variable learned helplessness (R=0.103, N=75, P<0.05). Among the predictive variables, hope can significantly and negatively predict learned helplessness (β=-0.272,
P<0.05). In other words, it can be said that the higher a person's hope in life goes, the less his learned helplessness will be. The meaning of life in this research is not able to predict
learned helplessness (β=0.073, P>0.05). Also, the achievement motivation in this research is not a significant predictor and does not have a significant effect on learned helplessness
(β=-0.188, P>0.05). The results of the present research indicates the need for managers and planners at the high levels of the government, educational system, and mental health
professionals to pay more attention to the challenges and mental health status of Afghan students studying in Iran.

Addiction means acquiring a habit and getting used to it, and it happens in such a way that quitting and giving up causes disruption in the overall functioning of the person, which is accompanied by physical, mental and behavioral discomfort. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the model of desire for addiction treatment based on the memory of addiction and the desire to use with the mediation of self-control in substance dependent people seeking to quit.

The current research method was a correlational and predictive description. The statistical population of this study included substance dependent people who referred to addiction treatment clinics in Babol city in a period of four months. 209 participants were selected as a sample using a purposive sampling method and answered the questions of Chen et al.'s addiction memory intensity scale (2018), Tanjeni et al.'s (2004) self-control scale, stages of readiness for change and enthusiasm for change. Miller and Tunigan (1997) Addiction Treatment and Somoza et al. (1995) substance abuse scale responded. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling method and Lisrel software.

The results showed that the memory of addiction has a direct role in the desire for treatment (p<0.01, β=0.31); Addiction memory has a direct role in self-control (p<0.01, β=0.59); The desire to use has a direct role in the desire for treatment (p<0.01, β=0.39); Desire to use has a direct role in self-control (p<0.01, β=0.73); Self-control has a direct role in desire for treatment (p<0.01, β=0.79); Addiction memory plays an indirect role in desire for treatment with self-control mediation (p<0.01, β=0.47) and the desire to use has an indirect role in desire for treatment with self-control mediation (p<0.01, β=0.58).

It can be concluded that the model of desire for addiction treatment based on the memory of addiction and the desire to use with the mediation of self-control is suitable for drug addicts seeking to quit.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychological imago therapy training and acceptance and commitment therapy on improving the communication patterns of couples seeking a divorce. The statistical population comprised all couples who were referred to family counseling centers in Babol in 2021. 45 couples were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups imago therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control. The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) (Christensen and Salawii, 1984) was used to collect data. Imago therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy protocols were performed for the experimental groups. Data were then analyzed using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance using SPSSV22 software. The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up communication patterns (P<0.01). Both interventions had an effect on communication patterns, but no significant difference was observed between the two interventions in any of the communication patterns (P>0.05). Moreover, these results continued until the follow-up stage. In accordance with the result, it can be mentioned that both imago therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are effective in couples' communication patterns.

The purpose of the current research was to explain the structural model of academic procrastination based on the attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity with the mediating role of academic anxiety. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in the form of structural equations. 350 people were selected by random cluster sampling method among all the students of the Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol in 2020-2021. All of them completed the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) by Solomon and Rothblum (1984), the academic anxiety Test (AAT) by Alpert and Haber (1960), the attitude towards the field of study questionnaire (ATFSQ) by Sufo et al. (2012) and the academic immaturity scale (AMS) by Wallerand et al. (1992). Structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity had direct and significant effects on academic procrastination and academic anxiety, respectively (p<0.01). Also, academic anxiety had a direct and significant effect on academic procrastination (p<0.01). In addition, academic anxiety had a mediating role for the two variables of attitude towards the field of study and academic immaturity which had an indirect and significant effect on academic procrastination. Finally, it can be said that the research model had a good fit and all three variables of academic anxiety, attitude toward the field of study, and academic immaturity had significant direct and indirect effects on academic procrastination.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of FRIENDS psychological training, short-term solution-oriented therapy, and aerobic exercise (FitnessGram) on students’ communication skill. 

The present study was quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest-follow-up stages and control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old in the first grade of Tehran State High School in Kahrizak Education District in the academic year of 2019-2020. Forty students were selected as our sample with non-convenience sampling method utilizing G*Power software. The subjects were assigned randomly into 3 intervention groups and control group. First experimental group trained by the researcher for nine 60-minute group sessions of FRIENDS program; SFBT intervention implemented based on Gutterman advanced techniques for Solution-Focused Counseling Protocol in eight 90-minute group sessions; and the last experiment group trained in FitnessGram exercises nine-60 minutes sessions in three weeks. Barton communication questionnaire used to gather research data.

Recruited data analyzed by MANOVA. Results showed a significant difference between the intervention groups in terms of communication skills in the pretest-posttest on feedback, verbal, and auditory subscales (p<0.009), (p<0.006),  (p<0.001) respectively; Also in pretest and follow-up stage, feedback subscale (p<0.008) and auditory subscale (p<0.002) showed a significant difference between the intervention groups.

Findings indicated that students could benefit psychoeducations in academic settings in order to improve their communication skills.

The aim of this study was to explain the problem of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) based on type D personality traits and hormonal dysfunction mediated by lifestyle. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included women of childbearing age 25 to 35 years old living in Tehran located in region one in year 2020.By Using available sampling method, 207 women were selected as the sample. The research instruments were: Denollet (1998) personality type D questionnaire, Lali et al.'s lifestyle questionnaire (2012) and daily record of severity of problems chart of Endicott (1996). The results of structural equation analysis showed that hormonal dysregulation and type D personality traits mediated by lifestyle have a significant indirect effect on PMS. The results of the present study indicated that type D personality traits, hormonal dysregulation and lifestyle are significant explanators of PMS, so it seems that paying attention to the role of these variables in the evaluation and treatment of psychological symptoms of PMS is helpful.