محسن شاکری نسب

The present study was conducted to comparing the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the social self-efficacy of single-parent boys in Bojnord city. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, and the statistical population was all single-parent male students of the first secondary school in Bojnord city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 45 were selected by purposive sampling. 200 single parent students were selected. The research tool was the Smith and Betz Social Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SES). The experimental groups underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes separately under cognitive behavioral therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any intervention. All three groups completed the post-test again. And after one month, a follow-up period was also conducted. The data were analyzed with the analysis of variance of repeated measurements and the Bonferroni post hoc test and the results indicated the positive effectiveness of both cognitive behavioral therapy methods and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on social self-efficacy (P<0.001). Also, the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment both in the post-test and in the follow-up period was more than cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.05). Based on this, these two methods can be used to increase the social capabilities of single-parent boys and, while increasing social self-efficacy, prevent the occurrence of behavioral problems and social harms that threaten them.

The aim of the research was to compare the effect of cognitive restructuring learning and self-regulation learning on the academic buoyancy of male high school students in Bojnord city. This was an applied and semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, and the statistical population was male students of the second secondary level of public schools in Bojnord in the academic year 2022-2023. Of these, 45 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. The research instrument was the academic buoyancy questionnaire of Dehghanizadeh et al (2012) and the experimental groups participated separately in 8 60-minute sessions of cognitive restructuring Beck(2008) and self-regulated learning strategies Pintrich(1995), and the control group did not receive training. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Benferroni's post hoc test. The results indicated the effectiveness of both methods on academic buoyancy (P<0.001). And among these two methods, the effect of cognitive restructuring training was greater than that of self-regulated learning strategies (P<0.05). The results show that these two methods can be used to increase the academic buoyancy of public school students.

The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on the matrix model on post-treatment depression and the risk of relapse in crystal-dependent patients.

The research was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all crystal-dependent patients referring to addiction treatment centers in the city of Bojnourd in 2022. Among them, 30 people were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The participants in both groups completed the depression inventory and relapse risk questionnaire in pretest and posttest. Cognitive therapy based on the matrix model was implemented on the experimental group in 24 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, and the cognitive therapy based on the matrix model reduced depression and the risk of relapse in crystal-dependent patients.

Considering that depression after withdrawal plays a key role in addiction relapse in crystal-dependent patients, it is possible to benefit from cognitive therapy based on the matrix model regarding the effectiveness on depression and ultimately reducing the risk of relapse.

Sometimes, the presence of impulsive behaviors in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder increases their social problems, and the amount of interaction with their parents can increase their abilities. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of parent-child joint play on reducing impulsivity and increasing the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In this research, a semi-experimental method was used with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group, and its statistical population consisted of all children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Bojnord city and their mothers in 2022, 30 of whom were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly placed in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. For both groups, the pre-test, including Barth's impulsivity scale (1995) and Matson's social skills scale (1983), was implemented, and the experimental group had 8 two-hour weekly sessions under the joint game. The parent and the child were placed and the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the post-test again and the results were analyzed through analysis of covariance. The findings showed that Parent-child joint play is effective in reducing impulsivity and increasing the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The results of this research show that parent-child joint play can be used to reduce behavioral problems and increase the social skills of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive restructuring training and self-regulated learning strategies on the students' attributional styles. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test control group design. The statistical population included the second cycle high school male students of Bojnord city in the academic year 2022, 45 of them were selected by purposive sampling and they were randomly divided into three equal groups. The research tool was Seligman et al. (1982)'s Attributional Styles Questionnaire. The experimental groups were given 8 sessions of cognitive restructuring training and self- regulated learning strategies, and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance and Ben Feroni post hoc test. The results indicated the effectiveness of both cognitive restructuring methods and self- regulated learning strategies on attributional styles (P<0.001), in such a way that both approaches led to a decrease in the negative attributions and an increase in the positive attributions in students. And the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring training both in the post-test and in the follow-up period was more than self- regulated learning strategies training (P<0.05). Accordingly, these two methods can be used to improve the attributional styles of students at schools.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to self-worth and lifestyle self-efficacy of overweight students. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all boys with overweight in the first high school of Bojnourd in 2021 who received an overweight diagnosis in the obesity screening program. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people tested and controlled. Research tools included the Clark et al Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (WELQ) and the Crocker et al Self-Esteem Questionnaire (CSWS). The experimental group was treated with acceptance and commitment based on 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between students participating in experimental and control groups in terms of one of the variables of self-worth and lifestyle self-efficacy (p <0.001 and F = 34.06). Considering the effect or difference which is equal to 0.76, it was found that 76% of individual differences in post-test scores of self-worth and self-efficacy of students' lifestyle are related to the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy interventions (P <). From the above findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in lifestyle self-efficacy and self-worth.

The presence of (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). ADHD in adolescents sometimes causes inappropriate social behaviors and in this regard, various educational and therapeutic approaches are used, including modular cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study aims to determine the effect of modular cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing aggression and antisocial behaviors in ADHD adolescents.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and its statistical population consisted of all hyperactive adolescents referred to Pouya Attitude Counseling Center in Bojnourd in 2011. The sample also included 20 of these adolescents who were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 experimental and control. The instruments used in this study were the Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ) and Bart and Donlan Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (STAB). And the experimental group underwent a modular cognitive-behavioral treatment program for 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed that modular cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant effect on reducing aggression and antisocial behaviors of hyperactive adolescents (P <0.05).

In general, it can be concluded that this program is effective in reducing aggression and antisocial behaviors of hyperactive adolescents and it is recommended that counselors and therapists use this approach to reduce the negative behaviors of hyperactive adolescents

The present study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on Marlatt's model on craving and addiction quitting self-efficacy in patients under treatment with methadone.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients under treatment with methadone referring to Mahan center of Bojnourd city in 2021. Among them, 30 people were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. The instruments used in this study were the periodical craving questionnaire and the quitting self-efficacy questionnaire. Cognitive behavioral therapy based on Marlatt's model was performed on the experimental group for twelve 90-minute sessions with a frequency of two sessions per week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups, and cognitive behavioral therapy based on Marlatt's model reduced craving and increase the quitting self-efficacy in patients under treatment with methadone.

It can be concluded that the cognitive-behavioral program based on Marlatt's model can help improve the effectiveness of methadone therapy while improving the capabilities of patients and play a preventive role in disease relapse.

Recently, coping styles based on religious teachings have been studied as components of maintaining the mental health of patients and various researchers have sought to investigate the relationship between components related to health and adaptation to adversity and coping styles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between life attitudes and adaptation to the disease with Islamic coping styles in patients with breast cancer.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study was all female patients with breast cancer referred to Imam Reza (AS) Oncology and Radiotherapy Clinic in Mashhad in 2021. Totally, 100 patients were selected based on inclusion criteria via a purposive method. The study tools were Life Regard Index (LRI), Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-MAC) scale and Islamic Coping Style Questionnaire (ICSQ), and the data were analyzed using regression analysis and Pearson correlation.

There was a direct significant relationship between attitude towards life and adaptation to disease with the Islamic coping style. The standard deviation (SD) of attitude towards life created a positive change in the standard deviation of the Islamic coping style by 0.12. The SD of attitude towards life and adaptation to the disease changed by 0.17 in the SD of Islamic coping style. Moreover, the share of attitudes towards life in this regard was higher (0.001).

In general, it can be concluded that the Islamic coping style can predict the attitude towards life and adaptation to the disease and thus help maintain their mental health. Accordingly, it is suggested to pay attention to the Islamic coping style regarding the promotion of patients' mental health.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bullying prevention training based on Olweus method on reducing aggression and impulsive behaviors of bullying students. In this study, a quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design with control group was used and its statistical population consisted of ninth grade junior high school students in Bojnourd in the academic year of 2019-2020 in the number of 700 who after completing the Illinois Bullying Questionnaire A survey of school teachers and counselors identified Bullying students were identified, and 30 of them were randomly selected as the sample group and placed in two groups of 15 experimental and control. For both groups, the pretest, including the Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and the Bart Impulsivity Questionnaire (1995), were performed. The experimental group underwent a 90-minute bullying prevention program and the control group did not receive any intervention. Post-test was completed for both groups and the results were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that bullying prevention training has a significant effect on reducing aggression and impulsive behaviors of bullying students(P <0.05). The results of this study show that this program can be used to reduce aggression and impulsivity of bullying children in schools. Accordingly, it is suggested that school counselors use this educational method to reduce students' negative behaviors

The issue of separation of couples for any reason can have devastating psychological effects on family members, and depression is one of such major problems. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on depression in single-parent adolescent girls in secondary schools in Tuyserkan.

In this study, a quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design with control group was used and its statistical population consisted of all single high school female students in Tuyserkan in the academic year 2020, of which 30 students were selected by available sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly placed in two groups of 15 experimental and control. For both groups, the pre-test, including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was performed and the experimental group underwent dialectical behavioral therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the post-test again and the results were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and the subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group showed a significant reduction in depression and its cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms.Discussion and

The results of this study show that this therapeutic approach can be used to reduce cognitive and emotional problems in depressed people.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and social anxiety with psychological cohesion in pandemic crises, with emphasis on covid 19 patients discharged from Sabzevar Vasei Hospital

The present study is a descriptive correlational study and its statistical population is all 4500 patients with covid 19 patients discharged from Sabzevar Vasei Hospital in 2020. The statistical sample consists of 351 people who have been selected as a statistical sample based on the Morgan table and random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Cohen et al(PSS) Perceived Stress Scale, Leibovitz Social Anxiety Scale(LSAS) and Flensberg et al(SCQ). Mental Cohesion Scale questionnaires.

In order to analyze the data, correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used by stepwise method. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived stress and social anxiety and its components with the feeling of psychological cohesion in a negative direction and among the components of social anxiety, the share of social status anxiety is higher. (p = 0.001).

In general, it can be concluded that the feeling of psychological cohesion in patients recovering from coronary artery can be a negative predictor of perceived stress and social anxiety and have a preventive role, and individual and group psychological measures on mental cohesion can reduce perceived stress and social anxiety. Individuals lead and contribute to collective mental health

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training program of positive youth development on identification and self-efficacy in students at addiction risk.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all ninth grade male students at risk of addiction in Bojnord in 2019-2020. According to the research design, a sample of 30 people was selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group underwent training program of positive youth development for twelve 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The instruments used in this study were the extended objective measure of ego identity status scale and the general self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group regarding the mean scores of the variables of identification and self-efficacy. Training positive youth development significantly reduced negative identity and increased self-efficacy of the experimental group.

The results of this study show that training program of positive youth development can be used in identifying and self-efficacy of students at addiction risk in schools.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational beliefs with a tendency to drug abuse in young men admitted to addiction treatment camps in Bojnourd. The method of this research was survey method and its statistical population was all young men aged 18 to 30 years admitted to addiction rehabilitation camps in Bojnourd city which was 100 people in 1399. The whole statistical population were selected as an observation unit by complete enumeration method. The research instruments included Yang (2005) early maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, Jones (1969) Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire and Wade and Butcher (1992) Drug Trend Questionnaire. The reliability of measures were 0.86, 0.89 and 0.90 respectively. In this study, stepwise regression method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used using SPSS 25 software package. The results of this study showed that there is a relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational beliefs with a tendency to drug abuse among young people admitted to addiction treatment camps in Bojnourd city. Self-development and failure were able to better predict the tendency to abuse drugs. Also among the components of irrational beliefs: helplessness against approval and emotional irresponsibility are able to better predict the tendency to use drugs. Based on this, it can be concluded that influencing early maladaptive schemas and trying to correct irrational beliefs in young people can play a preventive role in the tendency to use drugs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and attitudes toward parents with a tendency to drug abuse in students in Bojnourd. The method of this research was survey and the statistical population consisted of all first grade high school students in Bojnourd in the academic year 1399-1398 with the number of 10,000. 373 people were selected as sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table and through random sampling clusters appropriate to the volume. The research instruments included Khodayari Fard et al.'s (2006) Religiosity Scale, Walt and Hudson (2007) Parental Attitude Scale, and Wade and Butcher (1992) Drug Attitude Scale, whose reliability using Cronbach's test was 0.94, respectively. 0.96 and 0.90 were obtained. In this study, regression method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used using SPSS 25 software. The results showed that religiosity and attitudes toward parents can negatively predict the tendency to use drugs (P> 0.01) and there is a significant negative correlation between religiosity and attitudes toward parents with tendencies to use drugs. Based on this, it can be concluded that religiosity and attitudes toward parents can play a preventive role in relation to students' tendency to use drugs and strengthening them can help reduce harmful behaviors such as drug use.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Islamic coping strategies and mental cohesion with adjustment to illness and pain tolerance in patients with breast cancer.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of all female patients with breast cancer oncology and radiotherapy clinic in Mashhad in 1397, 100 of whom were purposively selected. The basis of inclusion criteria were selected. The instruments used in this study were the Islamic Coping Strategies Scale (Ehteshamzadeh (2009)), the Flensberg et al. (2006) Psychological Cohesion Questionnaire, the Watson Cancer Adjustment Scale (1988), and the McGill Pain Tolerance Questionnaire (2008).

Analysis of data from regression analysis and Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant positive relationship between Islamic coping strategies with disease adjustment and pain tolerance. And in their subscales, there is a significant relationship between behavioral and emotional dimensions with adjustment to illness and pain tolerance in a positive direction. And there is no significant relationship only in the cognitive dimension (0.01). There was also a significant relationship between feeling of psychological cohesion, coping with illness and pain tolerance in a positive direction.

In general, it can be concluded that Islamic coping strategies and feeling of psychological cohesion can predict a person's appropriate adaptation to illness and pain tolerance.