محسن منصوری

In this article, the effect of negative stress triaxiality on the fracture strain has been studied. At first, the geometric model was obtained for samples with three negative stress triaxialities from ST-37 steel. A dog-bone sample was made for positive stress triaxiality and rectangular samples with an elliptical cavity for negative stress triaxiality. Then tensile and compression tests were performed on them in order to obtain the fracture strain. Tensile and compression tests were simulated by Abaqus finite element software. In addition to the tensile testing machine results, the digital image correlation method was used to obtain the strain values and validate the simulation results. The shape and damage mode of different samples were compared after the test and simulation in which the mode of fracture was the same in both methods. The strain contours of the finite element method and digital image correlation were compared and it was observed that the strain values of both methods match each other. To investigate the effect of negative stress triaxiality, the fracture strain values obtained from experimental tests and numerical simulations were drawn in terms of stress triaxialities, the normalized Lode angle, and the third invariant. It was observed that in both experimental and numerical methods, by decreasing the amount of negative stress triaxiality, the amount of fracture strain first decreases and then increases.

Monoclonal antibodies cazirivimab and imdevimab are used as a combination drug in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of the combined medication of casirivimab and imdevimab in patients with COVID-19.

Searches were conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles from 2020 to 2023. Additionally, a manual search was performed in primary review sources and key studies. There were no language restrictions for the studies. The quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the ROBINS-I tool. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Software version 5.4.

A total of 14 studies involving 461598 patients were included in the study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the casirivimab and imdevimab and standard of care groups in terms of mortality rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.29, %95, 0.10-0.86, P<0.00001), hospitalization rate (OR: 0.35, %95, 0.22-0.44, P<0.00001), need for oxygen therapy (OR: 0.23, %95, 0.12-0.46, P<0.00001), hospitalization or death (OR: 0.40, %95, 0.38-0.43, P<0.00001), and mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.19, %95, 0.08-0.43, P<0.00001).

The results of this meta-analysis study showed that casirivimab and imdevimab is an effective treatment in reducing mortality rate, hospitalization rate, need for oxygen therapy, hospitalization or death, and mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19.

Bamlanivimab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of mild to moderate cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of the current meta-analysis review study was to compare the efficacy of bamlanivimab and standard treatment in the treatment of patients with Covid-19.

PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles from 2020 to 2023. Also, a manual search was performed in the sources of primary review and key studies. There were no restrictions on the language of the studies. Evaluation of the quality of studies was done with the Newcastle tool. Data analysis was done using Review Manager software version 5.4.

In total, 16 studies including 23166 covid-19 patients were included in the study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that a significant difference was observed between the bamlanivimab and standard care groups in terms of mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, confidence interval [CI]: 0.17 to 0.42, P>0.001), hospitalization rate (OR= 0.45; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.66, P>0.001), and ICU admission (OR= 0.39; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.72, P=0.003).

According to evidence from the current review, bamlanivimab reduces mortality, risk of hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. The results of this study can help health policy makers in choosing effective treatments for Covid-19 patients.

Basil is annual herb it belongs to the mint family and it has 30 species; therefore, in this research, optimization of tissue culture conditions of purple basil plant for callus production, identification of callus induction percentage, growth rate, growth speed and relative water content of callus was done through tissue culture.

The callus induction optimization experiment was carried out as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 factors, micro samples and three levels of BA, IAA and IBA hormones.

The results showed that the highest percentage of callus induction (88%) was related to the culture medium containing 2 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L BA. The effect of hormonal compounds on the four investigated characteristics of callus generation percentage, growth speed, relative water content and growth rate (dry weight) has had a significant effect, which can be used to select the best combination in callus formation and tissue culture optimization, and finally the future goals of the breed. Also, the interaction effect of two explant factors and hormonal compounds only had a very significant effect (P≤1%) on the growth rate index.

The quality of the induced calluses indicates the correct selection of explants and suitable hormonal compounds. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between callus production and growth regulators, and also according to the type of plant studied and the amount of hormone present in it, the amount of growth regulators used in callus induction will be different.

In this study, a solid oxide fuel cell fed with synthesis gas derived from industrial waste water was combined with a Rankine power generation cycle was analyzed and investigated using thermodynamic relationships. First, the solid oxide fuel cell was independently simulated and the quantities such as output voltage, current density and output power of the fuel cell were calculated. Then, the power cycle that equipped with a gas turbine combined with a solid oxide fuel cell was investigated according to the output results of the fuel cell simulation using thermodynamic analysis. In current study, fuel cell output voltage as a function of current density was reported, and the effect of temperature and pressure increasing on output fuel cell voltage was reported. The analysis of this system showed that with the increase in temperature and pressure, the output voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell increased. The varation in the output power of the fuel cell against the current density at three operating temperatures of 1073, 1173 and 1273 K were also calculated, the results showed that the power of the fuel cell increases with the increase in temperature. Also, the total efficiency of the hybrid system by increasing in fuel cell operating temperature increased.

In the present study, the hydrodynamics of tapered fluidized beds (TFBs) for two types of particles, namely, Geldart D and Geldart B with mean diameters of 2 mm and 0.287 mm, respectively, were studied by CFD-DEM in 3D frameworks. The particles phase was simulated by dense discrete phase model (DDPM) in which the particle-particle collision was modeled by the discrete phase method (DEM). While the continuous phase (gas phase) was simulated by the Eulerian approach by considering k-ε turbulent model for this phase. The well-known drag model of Gidaspow was applied for computing the momentum exchange between the phases.  It was found that the bed pressure drop and the bed expansion ratio predicted by the proposed model were in close agreement with the corresponding measured data. By evaluating power spectral density in TFBs, it was found that the dominant frequency is about 2.3 Hz for a TFB which is quite different than that calculated in bubbling fluidized beds (BFBs).  Due to the fact that this study is one of the few Eulerian-Lagrangian works on TFBs, it can be a suitable basis for future studies in numerical simulation of TFBs.

Asphaltene is one of the compounds in crude oil with the heaviest fraction, which causes it to settle and deposit on reservoir or extraction pipes. Various methods have been proposed for its severance or removal so far, as the adsorption of asphaltene using nanoparticles is one of the most efficient ones. The effects of parameters such as asphaltene concentration, temperature and the amount of adsorbent loaded (ZSM-5 zeolite) were investigated in order to optimize the adsorption process of asphaltenes. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents were also investigated by SEM, XRD and FTIR. SEM images showed that the ZSM-5 zeolite nanoparticles are highly efficient in adsorption of asphaltene and become agglomerated after adsorption. XRD and FT-IR analyzes also confirmed the presence of asphaltene in the ZSM-5 zeolite after the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to know the adsorption isotherm. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of asphaltene on ZSM-5 zeolite can be well described using Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic results showed that the asphaltenes were rapidly adsorbed to the zeolite in less than 2 hours. By comparing the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, it can be concluded that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well predicts the kinetic behavior of asphaltene adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolite nanoparticles.

The nano photocatalytic ZTOZ was prepared from ZnO and TiO2 stabilization on ZSM-5 zeolite surface and its catalytic activity was investigated to remove Methyl Orange organic dye and was compared with zeolite-ZnO and zeolite- TiO2 nanocatalysts. The properties of the catalysts were determined using BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive (EDAX) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images and spectra obtained showed that Titania and ZnO nanoparticles were well placed on the ZSM5 zeolite surface, and the average size of zinc oxide and titania nanocrystals was calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula, which was 19.13 nanometers. The mean diameter of the ZTOZ photocatalyst cavity was 1.22 nm, which shows the nanoporous photocatalyst synthesized. The Photocatalytic removal of the dye was performed as a function of pH in the range of 3 to 9 and the initial concentration of dye in concentrations of 5-25 mg / L and the catalyst content in values of 0.1 to 0.4 g / L and at ambient temperature. Then it was modeled by a quadratic polynomial equation. The results showed that the amount of removed dye (response) depends on the pH and initial concentration of the dye. The RSM (surface response methodology) method was used to optimize and find optimum amounts for organic dye degradation in a pyrex glass cylindrical reactor with a height of 460 mm and a volume of 1 L. Also, the kinetic of photocatalytic reactions were studied with the assumptions that they follow the Langmuir-Hinchlood equation and the first-order reaction.

In this research was performed, cryopreservation to method vitrification with two types of solution protecting PVS2 and PVS3 in 7 times (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 minutes). This experiment factorial was studied in the form of with completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors protective solution (two level) and time levels (seven level) and three replications. The results of analysis of variance for treatment time and soluble type in three traits, percentage germination, root and shoot length was significant at the level of 1% (P<0.01). Interaction between the time treatment in solution type for the length of root and shoot length were significant at the level of 1% (P<0.01) for germination percentage was insignificant at the level of 5% (P<0.05). Overall, analysis of variance showed that is effective the protective solution type and levels of treatment time in the process of vitrification and the cryopreservation Sesame plant in assessment indicators.

In this study of Nigella sativa seeds Cryopreservation by vitrification. was studied. This experiment with three replications with two factors, both soluble dewatering (Pvs2 and Pvs3) times and dewatering of seeds before freezing process during the 7 period (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 minutes) with factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) was analyzed. Results showed that treatment time for root length, shoot length was significant at the level of 1%, but the percentage of germination (percent survival) was non-significant. The solution for all traits (germination, root and shoot length) at 1 percent difference was significant. The interaction between the treatment solution for the length of root and shoot length at 1 percent and germination percentage was significant at the 5% level. Overall, analysis of variance of the solution and dewatering time in the process of vitrification and freeze protection Nigella sativa is effective in assessment indicators. Overall, Analysis of variance showed that the soluble kind and the dewatering process and vitrification Cryopreservation of Nigella sativa on effective evaluation indicators. Also, seed treatment with solution PVS3 and during intervals 20 and 40 minutes, was the highest amount of root length, shoot length and germination. The results of this study can be used in medicinal plant germplasm conservation and the importance of effective treatment.

Dyes are complex organic compounds, which are widely used in textile, paper, and cosmetics industries. Dyes are also known environmental pollutants that must be removed to maintain environmentally friendly processes. For this purpose the use of advanced oxidation processes with use of highly active compounds such as hydroxyl radicals was proposed. In this study the photocatalytic degradation of BR46 cationic dye with the use of activated carbon-doped ZrO2 nanoparticle was investigated. Parametric study was performed for a range of pH (3–11), initial dye concentration (5-25 mg/ L), catalyst loading (0.03–0.18 g/ L), and UV lamp power (9-18 W). All testing were done in the 1 L cylindrical pyrex reactor with the height of 460 mm. The maximum removal efficiency of dye of 98.17% was observed for pH=11, initial concentration of dye = 15 (mg/L), catalyst loading= 0.15 (g/L) and UV lamp power = 18 W for a retention time of 120 min. The decolorization of BR46 followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model (with kr = 1.135 mg/ L min, ke = 0.0124 L/ mg).

Plant tissue and cell culture is being used as a stable method to investigate plant secondary metabolites widely. Because of the important position of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) in food industries, sanitary and pharmaceutical fields, cell culture is done to investigate effectiveness of different concentrations of yeast extract and salicylic acid on the cell survival and the amount of β-Caryophyllene and Iso-Pulegone secondary metabolites. MS medium with 1 mg/l 2,4-D without agar was used with different concentrations of yeast extract and salicylic acid to investigate amount of secondary metabolites. after ten days, the amount of these two secondary metabolites were investigated by GC-MS and the cell survival was investigated by tetrazolium test. In the cell culture, percentage of cell surviving was decrease by increasing density of two elicitors and amount of β-Caryophyllene secondary metabolite significantly increased compared to the natural plants (maximum amount of this metabolite was obtained in the cell culture containing yeast extract 80 mg/l). Given that increasing the amount of secondary metabolites is the main purpose of the plant cell culture, the use of high concentrations of elicitor to increase β-Caryophyllene is justified despite the decrease in cell viability. Percentage of Iso-Pulegone secondary metabolite was in the natural plant more than the cell culture and also in the cell suspension culture, amount of this metabolite was decrease by increasing density of yeast extract and salicylic acid elicitors, thus cell culture containing these two elicitors is not recommended to increase amount of this secondary metabolite.

The main question in the present study is that what is the suitable model for attracting and preserving of strategic Customer in banking system (case study: Ansar Bank)? The present research in base on the result of research is an applied-developmental study and based on the research goals is explaining study, that we collect and analyzed data by survey and correlation method, orderly. The statistical populations are all strategic customers of Ansar Bank in Tehran. According to Krejcie & Morgan’s table, we selected 335 people as the samples by purposeful sampling method. Also, we interviewed with all managers in Anasr Bank about 76 people. The main tools for data gathering are questionnaires and half-structured interview. The results show that the reliability of the Ansar’s bank does not have a direct impact on attracting of the strategic customers. But also, Competency of the personnel, marketing relationship, responsible staffs and empathy has direct effect on attracting strategic customers. Also, customizing services, validity, assurance and accessibility to services have reverse effect attracting strategic customers. As well as, the results indicate that the competency of the personnel, marketing relationship, responsible staffs, customizing services, validity, assurance and accessibility to services have indirect effect on preserving strategic customers. By the way, customizing the services has a reverse effect on preserving strategic customers in Ansar Bank.

Today, gynecologic and orthopedic surgeries under spinal anesthesia are widely used in the world but hypotension during anesthesia is abundantly accrued. Hence, several methods are prescribed to cure and prevent hypotension. Physical method such as leg wrapping or elevation of lower limb during surgery is one of the used methods, but its effects are suspected yet. Thus, the aim of this study was comparing the effects of different degrees of elevation of lower limb to prevent hypotension in patients under lower abdomen surgery with spinal anesthesia.
In a clinical trial study, 105 candidates for lower abdomen surgery were selected and randomly divided in three groups. In the first group, patients’ legs were not elevated but in the second and third groups, they were elevated for 15 and 30 degrees, respectively and incidence of hypotension was compared between the three groups. The SPSS software was used for data analysis.
Findings: According to the results of this study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the above three groups was decreased to the same extent. And according to one way ANOVA, no statistically difference between the three groups was seen. The mean of systolic blood pressure before anesthesia were 136.2 ± 24.4, 131.5 ± 32.0 and 140.4 ± 25.3, respectively in the three groups (P = 0.24). Also the mean of systolic blood pressure in 60th min were 109.8 ± 19.3, 118.6 ± 18.5 and 114.4 ± 16.8, respectively in the three groups
(P = 0.64).
According to results of our study, elevation of patients’ legs during surgery under spinal anesthesia does not prevent hypotension but according to other studies, this action may help to prevent hypotension during spinal anesthesia; thus, other studies are need to approve this method.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as a member of the Apiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and explant type on callus induction in cumin. For this purpose the cumin seeds (Kuhbanan accession) were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and alcohol and cultured on MS basal medium. Leaf and hypocotyl explants were prepared from sterile seedlings and used to produce callus on MS medium containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l NAA with 0.0 and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The experimental was as completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The results of callus induction showed that the explants type, hormone, and their interactions have non-significant effects on the callus induction percentage. Also, explants showed significant effect on callus growth rate (CGR). However hormones and hormone- explant interactions did not have a significant effect on CGR. The results showed that the medium containing 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP was known as the best callus growth rate medium for cumin (0.238 mm/d). Comparing the mean interactions of the explants in hormone on CGR showed that 0.5 mg/l of NAA + 0.5 mg/l of BA in leaf explant has the highest effect (0.248 mm/d).

Radiotherapy can cause DNA damage in normal cells, misrepaired or unrepaired double strand breaks in DNA lead to chromosomal breaks. As a result patient experience early and late effects in normal tissue during and after radiotherapy. Cytogenetic techniques can be used as a cancer predictive assay because there is an association between chromosome abnormalities and the risk of developing cancer. Also it can assess patient's complications during the therapy. The aim of the present study was evaluation of the cytogenetic alteration in peripheral blood lymphocytes of esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The present study is an experimental and prospective research. It was done at radiotherapy department at Omid Center in Urmia from January to December 2012. Blood samples were obtained from 15 esophageal cancer patients, before (0 Gy), during (21.6 Gy), and after radiotherapy treatment (43.2 Gy). Blood samples were cultured in RPMI-1640 complete medium containing 1% phytohaemagglutinin and incubated in a CO2 incubator. Cytochalasin-B was added to the cultures at a final concentration of 5 µg/ml. Finally, harvesting, slide making, and analysis were performed according to standard procedures. This study consisted of 15 patients, including 7 men and 8 women from 55 to 84 years old (70.07±11.548). Results indicate that, in the middle of treatment the average frequency of micronuclei increased significantly compared with their concurrent pre-treatment samples (greater than four-fold). Also, an increase in chromosome damage (MN frequency) proportional increasing radiation doses at the end of treatment was observed (P=0.001). Increasing in the MN frequency in the second and third stages is due to radiation effects. Thus, the use of the MN technique for assessing of the side effects in patients during the therapy is very helpful. Moreover, MN assay can be used as a predictive assay for detecting individuals (patient or healthy) with intrinsic radiosensitivity.

In this experiment، cryopreservation of rapeseed seeds (Milena and ARC-2 cultivars) via vitrification method was carried out using two protective solutions، PVS2 and PVS3 at 5 treatment times (20، 40، 60، 80 and 100 min). The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely Randomized Design with three replications. The results showed significant differences (p<0. 01) between different treatment times، genotypes and interactions of these two factor for germination percentage. Also، interactions of treatment times and protective solutions were significant (p<0. 05) for germination percentage. Treatment of rapeseed seeds (Milena cultivar) with protective solution for 100 min showed the highest germination compared with to other treatments. Also، treatment of rapeseed seeds with PVS2 solution for 100 min and with PVS3 for 20 and 60 min showed the highest germination percentage، respectively، compared to other treatment. Concerning the trait of root length، the treatment time and genotype and their interaction showed a significant differences (p<0. 01). The interaction of genotype and protective solution and also triple interaction of three factors showed significant effect (p< 0. 05) on root length of rapeseed seeds. So، treatment of rapeseed seeds with PVS3 solution for 20 min produced the highest mean for root length. Different times of treatment and also، the triple interactions of genotype، kind of solution and time of treatment showed significant effects (p<0. 01) on shoot length of rapeseed seeds. Treatment of rapeseed seeds (cultivar of ARC-2) with PVS3 solution created the highest shoot length compared to other treatments.

Unlike the prevailing idea, Ibn Sina is neither a loyal advocate of Aristotle nor a mere commentator of his ideas. He is an independent, distinguished, and Muslim Iranian philosopher. In the light of the criticisms targeted at Greek philosophy and Aristotle’s ideas, Ibn Sina intended to develop a new form of epistemology and lay the foundations of oriental philosophy.One of the controversial issues among thinkers is the problem of the soul and its trans-substantiality, immateriality, and immortality. Ibn Sina considers Aristotle’s ideas in this regard to be inadequate and contaminated with defects, mistakes, and confusion. Through criticizing Aristotle’s definition of the soul, Ibn Sina tries to introduce a novel approach to the problem of the soul, while rejecting the arguments of survival and finally devising a new theory concerning the immortality of the soul.The purpose of the present paper is to explore Aristotle’s ideas and Ibn Sina’s objections to them and also reveal the latter philosopher’s innovative ideas concerning the problem of the soul. The writer tries to demonstrate that Ibn Sina’s achievement regarding the issue of the soul and body is, in fact, a new solution to this problem. He also aims to show that it is a mistake to assume that Islamic philosophers still continue to follow Aristotle’s ideas. Ibn Sina must be considered as a pioneer in fundamental arguments on the subject of the soul and its immateriality.

The Degree of Deacetylation (DD) of chitosan plays a main role in its physical, chemical and biological properties. Hence, in this study, low-viscous, medium, and high (impure and improved) molecular weight chitosan were used to determine DD, using a simple and exact method, The DDs of chitosan were determined by the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Baseline-a and b) and linear potentiometric titration. Thie concluded results were compared using Root-Mean-Square Deviation (sRMSD) whereby an agreement between the linear potentiometric titration and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Baseline-a) were shown. In presented method, for purifying impurities and improving DD of the high molecular chitosan, DD was noticeably increased from 60.1 to 92.7 %. The analysis of chitosan's DD represented the raise of DD in the presence of the increase of viscosity and molecular weight of chitosan.

Dairy industry is one of the most important markets in which progress and improvement in machinery technology، also benefiting from experts’ experiences، development in nutritional industries majors، and scientific progresses available in this matter have created a very competitive environment. As a result، each of the companies for entry into the dairy market as well as self survival protection needs to enjoy a series of indicators such as: financial ability، a mighty، assiduous، and pioneer R&D sector، scientific and expert marketing، scientific and systematic distribution and sale management، educated، experienced، and undertaking staff، a definite occupational improvement procedure، and also occupational security in order to adapt itself to the environmental changes easily. This paper through a case study of Kalleh dairy firm as one of the active companies in dairy industries، using survey methods، place studies as well as determination of Strengths، Weaknesses، Opportunities and Threats based on SWOT method has presented apt strategies for the aforementioned organization as an example of dairy industry in the country. Then the presented strategies are prioritized through the method of Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). On the basis of obtained results، Kalleh dairy firm is situated in a competitive condition (variety of product)، so it is necessary to codify and execute apt strategies to reinforce and support internal processes