محمد احمدنژاد

This article seeks to examine aspect and coercion at the predicate level and within the three syntactic layers of nucleus, core, and clause in Kurdish. Utilizing Role and Reference Grammar as its framework, the study identifies lexical aspects with inherent aspectual features at the predicate level. Predicates are categorized into five types: activity, accomplishment, achievement, semelfactive, and state, based on their lexical characteristics. The other layers mainly host derivative aspects and aspectual operators. In the Kurdish language, the nucleus layer hosts three imperfective operators and one perfect operator, each of which modifies the aspectual features of the five mentioned event types. At this level, each predicate with its own lexical aspect undergoes aspect shifting due to its combination with one of these operators. All kinds of aspect shifting are triggered due to the semantic dimensions of the aspectual operators at the nucleus level. Also, the findings show that at the core level, predicates may undergo coercion when combined with adverbial items or internal arguments that have special referential characteristics; the derivative predicates (such as active accomplishments) appear at this level. This study shows that the temporal operator at the clause level also has a significant impact on the eventual structure of predicates, and the verbs at the clause level affected by the time operator may undergo coercion. All kinds of aspect shifting at this level are aimed at harmonizing the eventual structure of the verbs with the semantic dimensions of the time operator.

The syllabus in Dialogue-based education emphasizes the learner's active participation in the learning process and is based on cultural, social, and political issues. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the dialogue-based education model on the critical thinking skills of Iranian primary students. In so doing, 44 students were selected from the population using multistage cluster sampling. The Dialogue-Based Education Model was implemented to instruct the experimental group, and the Critical Thinking Questionnaire for Iranian Primary Students was employed to collect the data. The study's findings showed that the implementation of dialogue-based education significantly affected the participants' critical thinking skills. In the qualitative phase of the study, several participants in the experimental group shared their personal experiences of the course signifying their positive attitudes and perceptions towards the dialogue-based teaching method. Moreover, it was revealed that dialogue-based learning gives the learners a sense of ownership of the learning process by putting emphasis on learning in real contexts and encouraging the students to propose their own views while respecting those of others. In other words, students in the experimental group actively participated in classroom discussions, while in the control group, the students were passive and less involved in the course subjects, and rather than asking further questions, they were looking for answers to the questions.

The ship behavior should be studied with respect to channel width and depth, because of the existence of hydraulic and hydrodynamic effects in navigable channels and waterway. The most important parameters that designer should consider are Squat, resistance, slamming, bow body force and suction. Accurate prediction of hydrodynamic parameters for operational ships in shallow water are essential to avoid grounding. Hydrodynamic parameters for Series 60 hull Vessel's in shallow waters are experimentally investigated in this thesis using models with coefficient, CB=0.8 and The Experiments were carried out in towing tank in different condition Critical speeds for vessel's can be obtained based on experimental results. This leads to an increase in ship efficiency and reaching the optimal speed and dratht in channels. The results have been compared with those obtained from analytic, numerical and empirical methods. It should be noted that fake walls were designed to carry out this study after designing the floating model. The unique characteristics of the fake walls was adjusting the channel width. It was possible to receive and register the sensors using PLS program. Throughout the experiment all the mechanisms were monitored automatically by the examiner.

The present study was an attempt to use a scenario model to recognize the effect of the Covid-19 epidemic on the working capital. The researchers used the data of 98 companies of Iran Stock Exchange during the period 2016-2021 canonical co-integration regression estimation method. The results indicated the partial role of Stock ownership in normal conditions was caused growth in working capital, which the effect of Stock ownership was more appeared in the Covid-19 crisis. This means, that the growth rate is higher than usual in the face of crisis. In deed the Covid-19 epidemic caused damage the economy, through a decrease in investment rate and then this will caused to decrease in Decreased production and economic growth. If, with the increase of investment process and efficient management of working capital, the production process has increased so that the new infrastructures meet the production volume. Therefore, it is recommend to use support of government for short and medium term, especially for in responses to in Quick return support of investments government from the damaged parts is necessary due a pandemic. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the impact of unpredictable crises on the growth of the capital market.

Although a significant body of research on instructional leadership has been carried out in Western societies, few empirical studies have only recently been carried out in the developing and non-western societies. The present study was carried out to shed more light on leadership research in Iran, in which previous empirical studies on principal instructional leadership are very few. In so doing, the present study was set to explore the relationship between principal instructional leadership, teacher collective efficacy, and job satisfaction in Iranian primary schools. Survey data collected from 292 teachers were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results substantiated the hypothesized conceptual model suggesting positive relationships among principal instructional leadership, collective teacher efficacy and teacher job satisfaction. It was also revealed that principal instructional leadership had a positive effect on collective teacher efficacy and teacher job satisfaction. In other words, teachers will have more commitment, professional engagement, and job satisfaction when they find their school managers' educational management behaviors appropriate. The findings of the present study will offer theoretical and pedagogical implications for school leadership in Iran. It also adds to the existing body of research on the effects of principal instructional leadership in non-Western, developing societies.

Coastal monitoring is one of the important factors in managing natural resources. The purpose of this research, was detection of the coast and coastline in year 2018 AD in the Gulfport area. In this study, data from Terra satellite, Landsat 8 satellite an Sentinel 2A were used for the studied area and the NDWI index was calculated. Reducing clouds filter was used and NDWIAster image to indicate range of land and water was filtered and thresholded. After running filter for reducing holes and noises on maked image, it was considered as coast. Then, with running an edge detector filter on the coast image, the coastline was detected. The precision of detection of coast and coastline was calculated based on a reference image with the quantities of PSNR, SSIM and Correlation coefficient. The numerical results showed that the best edge detector filter was Robinsons' filter. The amount of cloud cover on processed images and the spatial resolution of the images are factors that have impressed to detection quality.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of a blog-based English writing course in promoting the learning independence of Iranian learners.

In this regard, using a mixed research approach, this study examined the impact of a blog-based English writing course on learners' learning independence, defined in this study as self-initiation and self-regulation of learning. Gave. For the purpose of this study, students in control group (n = 21) were trained based on common writing teaching in class and students in experimental group (n = 25) were used blogging in addition to common writing teaching. . In order to collect data, the questionnaire of student independence was used as pre-test and post-test.

The results of the qualitative and quantitative data indicate that the blog-based writing period has been effective in promoting learner independence in general, and in promoting their self-regulation in particular. More precisely, the results of the quantitative data indicated that blog-based teaching had a significant impact on learner independence as a whole.

In order to estimate the distance between the transmitter and receiver placement of transmitting audio (at a frequency of 50 kHz) in a stratified environment (three layers of different densities) used in laboratory conditions. Experiments in a glass tank with a length of 300 cm and a width of 50 cm and depth of 100 cm is conducted. is water, we recorded the noises contained in data Batrvs removed using a filter. Receivers, sound passing through each layer due to the speed of sound changes due to the density difference between layers with a time lag receives. By comparing this Akhtlafzmany there when passing through an environment resulting from changes in the speed of sound layering, and a homogeneous environment (tank full of water) and changes in peak-to-peak signal, received signal power and strength to help in moments of sound transmission techniques. compressed pulse we calculate the distance between the sensors.

In this study, using similarity laws and regression methods, numerical modeling of wave height estimations has been carried out for the data recorded by a station in the southern part of the Caspian Sea during the year 2008. Numerical simulations require powerful computers and their results may be accurate and reliable if proper physics is used. However, semi-empirical models can easily calculate wave heights but in practice are less accurate. In the latter methods, the surface temperature and instability effects have little impact on the effective wave height calculation. The nature of these methods is such that usually the effects of the instability of the surface layer are not considered in the calculation of wave heights. In experimental methods, the effects of variations of frictional velocity and the stability parameter are important factors which are considered as coefficients and directly applied in the equations. In this paper, the correlations between the wave height measurements and the friction velocity and the stability function are considered. These correlations are evaluated for exponential, logarithmic, polynomial and inverse polynomial functions. In order to calculate the friction velocity and the stability functions, a bulk aerodynamic model similar to the one used in Fairall et al. (2003) is used. It includes an iterative algorithm with an initial guess for the friction velocity and MoninObukhov length. The accuracies of the friction velocity and MoninObukhov length are then increased by iteration.
The wave height measurements are analyzed by multi-variable nonlinear regression on the outputs of the bulk model. This analysis shows that, for functions that have an acceptable correlation coefficient (exponential, logarithmic, polynomial and inverse polynomial functions), the stability function can reduce the wave height error. The following conclusions can then be made: a) In the semi-empirical models, the effect of stability function can be directly entered into the equation and the uncertainty in the coefficient can be reduced.
b) The stability function in the atmospheric surface layer has an important role in the airsea interaction; hence its consideration can increase the accuracy of the wave height prediction.
Results show that compared to the warm months (stable cases), in the cold months (unstable cases) the stability function had smaller effects on wave height prediction. Results of the analyses are summarized as: a) In the cold months (OctoberDecember) in the port of Amir Abad, the conditions are more unstable, while in relatively warm months (July and August) there are more stable conditions.
b) The correlation coefficient between the friction velocity and the wave amplitude in the cold months is less than that for the warm months.
c) The correlation between the stability fiction and the wave height in the cold months is smaller than that in the warm months.
d) Regression error rates for the friction velocity in the cold months are higher than those for the warm months of the year.
Wave height calculation error in December (with a maximum error of linear regression with friction velocity) decreased down to ten percent by calculating the nonlinear regression with a mixture of the third-degree polynomial, inverse polynomial and logarithmic functions for the stability. This reduction in the wave height calculation error is simply due to the effect of stability function. The friction velocity seems to have little impact on the results of the regression method. Although the results are only for the data of the year 2008 recorded in the Amir Abad Port, but the results are not limited to a specific time and place and show the impact of stability function on wave height estimations. The main achievement of this paper is a reduction of error in wave height estimation that is achieved by taking into account the stability function. However, much higher reduction in the wave hight errors cannot be expected, because a large part of the waves characteristics are caused by wind effects at different times and places. Since the effect of the surrounding area of Amir Abad Port has not been considered in the present work, only a reduction of the calculated wave height error was possible.

In this paper, the distribution of the frequencies 200 kHz sound inside the perimeter of the turbulent plume stratification in the middle (influx) will be studied in the laboratory. This physical phenomenon is usually "in where the rivers run into the sea or small areas such as the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea can be seen out and cause internal waves in the environment(1). In this study the acoustic signal processing time output, peak to peak signal changes, changes in the signal, the received signal strength at different moments of the arrival of the Stratified plume has been studied and compared with each other. The compressed pulses through signal processing technology, the influence of the times, the thickness of the signal is affected is investigated.

Investigating of Caspian sea water fluctuation as the biggest lake in the world is necessary for all its neighbours.In this research,a comprehensive study has been done effects of atomosphric parameters in the sea level fluctuation from the East coasts of Mazandaran province.After studying the validity, altimetry field data were averaged monthly, and barometric pressure, Evaporation effect and precipitation effect on sea level have been investigated using meteorological data.The above steps have been done using satellite data as well. The result of this research has shown that sea surface temperature and The result of this research has shown that sea surface temperature and air temperature have an increase trend in the east coast of south Caspian sea. A high correlation is shown between air temperature and mean sea level.(0.51 in Nowshar and 0.77 in Neka) and the increases of sea surface temperature have inverse effect and increases of air temperature have direct effect on the sea level change.so the effect of air pressure on the sea level change is higher than the evaporation and precipitaion has been recognized. The effects of the independent variable and their correlations have been studied, using step by step regression method.The best model was selected for sea level variations from three independent variables(climat).

In this paper, we have analyzed physical parameters of Persian GULF water and its effect on sound wave propagation. Then we have studied an AUV (Automatic Underwater Vehicle) and its transmitter and receiver. Then by software produced, we have shown the effect of physical parameter of water on AUV communication system.