محمد اصغر زاده

The structure of bacteria consists of various macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, phospholipids and nucleic acids, which, in addition to their role in forming their structure, play an essential role in maintaining their viability and pathogenicity. This study aimed to investigate the application of proteomics in the analysis of proteomic profiles of bacteria and their derived postbiotics.

In this review study, relevant data were collected by searching for the keywords "probiotics, postbiotics, proteome, proteomics, biofilm, antibiotic resistance" in the Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. All articles related to experimental studies were included in the study and articles that did not contain the full text were excluded.

To study microbial macromolecules, in addition to genomic methods, there are also proteomic methods that provide information about the structural and functional proteins of bacteria. In the scope of bacterial proteomics studies, in addition to pathogenic bacteria, probiotic bacteria are also mentioned, which are part of the structure of this Microorganisms, as well as due to their metabolic activity, produce compounds known as postbiotics, which are responsible for their beneficial effects and have various properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immune system modulating effects.

Utilizing applied proteomics in the field of proteomic profile analysis of bacteria, particularly probiotics can be considered a new approach towards the comprehensive knowledge of postbiotic metabolites, which is the basis for the enrichment of the food matrices for the development of functional foods for health-promoting objectives.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 are major viral pathogens in broiler respiratory disease.

Following a respiratory disease outbreak and economic losses in eastern Iran 2020-2021, we investigated the role of major viral pathogens and the implemented vaccination programs.

Thirty-six respiratory disease affected broiler flocks in South Khorasan province were sampled, molecularly tested, and coinfections were investigated. The vaccination programs were obtained and the detected IBV were genotyped.

IBV, virulent NDV, and AIV H9N2 were detected in twenty-five, seven, and seven flocks, respectively. IBV+AIV, IBV+NDV, and NDV+AIV coinfections were respectively detected in six, five, and one flocks. Most IBV infected flocks (84%) had been immunized with a live IBV-Mass vaccine. All NDV infected flocks and 14.2% of AIV infected flocks had been vaccinated. IBV genotyping showed a high prevalence of variant 2 (83.3%), followed by Mass-type (12.5%), and Q1-type (4.2%). Variant 2 IB viruses were widely distributed in the province and half of them were mostly similar to the ones that had been detected in northern neighboring province, Khorasan Razavi.

Single infection with variant 2 IBV was a major cause of the respiratory disease outbreak in which use of the Mass vaccine was probably not effective. The high coverage and multiple doses of vaccination against Newcastle disease possibly had reduced the prevalence of NDV. Considering the regional origin of IBV strains, strong biosecurity measures should be implemented and vaccination programs using appropriate vaccine strains should be used.

One of the duties of Shias during the absence is to wait. In addition to the effect of waiting on belief and behavior, psychologically it also strengthens the hope of change in humans. Hoping for change, in fact, is a requirement to get friends in the path of waiting. This requirement is derived from the special framework drawn in the tradition of Imams for waiting.
This research, which has a narrative approach, has addressed this issue with a library method, whether there is a relationship between the waiting and the revival of the Prophet's family? The most important finding of this research is the development of establishing a close relationship between the waiting and the revival of the Prophet's family. This puts an additional responsibility on the followers of this family to pay special attention to the revival of their object, which is the waiting.

Cinema is a modern art which has combined former arts and knowledge and has presented this to the audience with abundant attraction. Reflected thoughts in the past of eastern countries and especially classical literature of our country enjoy a spiritual theme. Reflection of mystical themes of classical literature in cinema works can be a means for linking thought with national art. In this research, in addition to presenting a historical-conceptual division, there is an abridged survey on mystical and spiritual thoughts of directors in our country and presented proposals for strengthening the relationship between cinema and classic literature. This study shows that there is no complementary and extraterrestrial linkage between spiritual thoughts of our past mystical literature and the art of cinema. Various factors influence this issue. The most important points are: suspicious look at politics to Sufism in iran،existence of different and controversial attitudes towards the thoughts and lives of mystics, attitudes of mystical concepts towards the mentality and their evasion from evidence, instrumental weakness of Iranian cinema for the plausible making of fantastic works and the opposition of classical and intellectual spectrums of the critics of Iranian cinema by making mystical works.

The classic Persian literature enjoys plenty of story enrichment. In some authors’ works, these prose and poetry texts provide beyond the pure storytelling, somehow dramatic tale. However, with regard to lack of play in early centuries of Persian poems in Iran, the works do not hare play from appearance and are written only for reading. After the arrival of play from the West to Iran in the late century, play writers referred less to old literature treasure. While the reading of these works from the perspective of the play demonstrates their capacity for theatrical adaptations. Among the works of poets, Shahnameh Ferdousi and Nezami Middle poetry, and among prose books, Beyhaghi’s History are the best samples for evaluating the mentioned dramatic works. We attempt in this paper that after describing dramatic theater elements (Aristotle) and epic theater, pay to adjust their measurements with Beyhaghi’s dramatic stories and offer play (dramatic) capacity for the works.

animation is an art based on the combination of images and animating them that has been associated with it since the early years of the formation of the cinema. In spite of the high popularity of our children and adolescents from Hollywood animations, most of Iranian's animation films are not at the attention of the audience because of production technology problems and screenplays, and there is no widespread exposur.An examination of the world's animation produces an impressive amount of animation cinema from epic, didactic, lyrci and folk stories. Different types of Persian classical literature have the purporst and themes of the story and have the visual effects suitable for writing animated scripts.This occurs ina conditions that keeping the relationship of our children and adolescents with the roots of ancient Iranian culture is necessary. In the first step of this article, the animation capacities of different types of our country's literature are expressed briefly.Then, in a case study, the various features of Nafasat-Al-Masdoor, which are made suitable for animation adaptation are examined and while providingthe evidence,the examples from the text of the book is mentioned as a comparison of a sample of animation films and series. The results of this research show that Nafasat- Al-Masdoor, in addition to general dramatic capacities, has some visual, content, and narrative features for animation adaptation. The storytellerlikenarration, black and white personality-making, and endoplasms, and exaggerated romantic and expressionist imagery are among these features.

Nowadays Kurdish language is often divided to 3 main groups: 1-the southern group consists of several incongrous accents that are spoken in the sout of Iranian Kurdistan.
2-the central group consists of Iraqi northeastern Kurdish, Kurdistan of Iran and the adjacent areas around it and called Surani.
3-northern Kurdi wich is the language of more than ⅔ of Kurdish people and called Kormanji.
The common Kormanji dialect in Khorasan has some differences with the other Kormanji dialects, the variety of this dialect of course is not that widespread and significant in Khorasan and there aren’t many differences among the types of Kormanji in Khorasan.
In the last fifty years, several Kormanji grammar books have been written that we can refer to Kormanji grammar written by Juis Blue and Veisi Barak (1999)as the important one. Among Persian-Kormanji dictionaries, we can refer to Kormanji dictionary(with 27000 entries) that is compiled and edited by Mr. Pakseresht and his collegues )Omrzadeh,Sh. mahmudi, h. aran, s. kocher, k. shamsi, m. ajami, n. qolizadeh, m. dolatpur, s. padash, k. yusefi, a( )2012). In the last two decades, surveys related to this dialect and also written books in Khorasani Kormanji have been increasing.
In this researh, passive structure, signs of agreement patterns and ergative in Roudbari and Khorasani Kormanji have been compared. Writers in this article didn’t find a research that specifically considers the features of Kormanji dialect in Roudbar in their query. It is important to mention that Kormanji dialects in towns and villsges of Roudbar, don’t have much difference with each other, so the extracted results from this survey that are based on Kormanji dialect of the village “Gofol” can be generalized to the whole Roudbar.
This research is based on data from experiments and libraries in a descriptive-analytic way. One of the writers of the article is a native Kormanji speaker and acquired the experimental data of the article from daily colloquiums of native Kormanji speakers of Roudbar in Guilan province and also by interviews with speakers from different areas of Khorasan. Furthermore, in definiens, historical background and conducted studies have been refered to written resources.
Results & Discusssion
3. 1. Passive structure
In standard Kormanji and Khorasani, there is a combinational-grammatical structure for stating the passive form. In Kormanji of Roudbar, combinational construct of passive verb in standard and Khorasani dialects has been changed. In some conditions of present and futuretenses, Roudbari speakers, influenced by Persian, use objective adjective construct for stating passive verbs.
In Kormanji of Roudbar, in addition to the structure above, there is another type of passive verb that unlike the first type, is not confusing in its meaning in the past tense and means passive in all of tenses. This construct has been seen in the survey of different Kormanji dialects. In Kormanji, unlike other Kurdish dialects, passive form has a combinational construct. Since in ergative of standard Kormanji and Khorasani verb obeys from object, locating the object of sentence in the subjective place(agent) have caused this obedience to be more fortified and to be used as a kind of grammatical independence toward the second way of the intransitive verb(hatən= to come) in the passive construct of sentence.
Transformation of combinational passive in the Kormanji dialect of Roudbar that caused to the transfer of passive verbs sign from the end of the intransitive verb (hat=came) to the end of the transitive verb (bu=became), can be known as an step in transforming ergative to subjective-objective system.
3. 2. Signs of agreement patterns
Different signs of objective form have been reduced in Roudbari Kormanji. Naturally, the existence of different forms of agreement patterns in prior dialects of Kormanji has had grammatical and phonological reasons. Reduction of these signs and combination of several objective signs in a construct in Roudbari Kormanji is representative of two points: 1- Moving Roudbari Kormanji toward the language simplification. 2- Transformation of ergative to subjective-objective system.
In standard Kormanji, there are signs of gender in nous, proclamative and additional conditions and some pronouns. These signs also have had constancy in Kormanji of Khorasan. Among the new generation of Kormanji speakers the concept of gender is being collapsed. Of course, this change is more common in virtual male and female nouns. Some times even real male and female nouns are pronounced with irrelevant generic suffixes. To sum up, in addition to real male and female, the way of pronouncing the last added part does not differ so much, but forms of pronounciation which represent generic distinction, have been maintained. Subjective and objective pronouns in Kormanji of Khorasan and Roudbar are like each other except third-person singular that in non-subjective condition in Khorasani Khormanji, the male and female forms are distinguished from each other. Of course, standard Kormanji and Khorasan due to the existence of ergative, non-subjective pronouns can locate in the place of subject and subjective pronous can locate in the place of object. By paying attention to the transformation of Roudbari Kormanji dialect to subjective-objective system, subjective pronouns only locate in subjective place and non-subjective pronouns locate in objective place. Although this dialect has missed its ergrtive identity, during this process, unlike Persian, it does not have its distinction between subjective and non-subjective pronouns. Signs of gender have been totally disappeared in Kormanji of Rudbar.
3. 3. Ergative
In Kormanji like many other languages, ergative condition is gradually disappearing and transforming to subjective-objective system. In cities of khorasan the amount and speed of this change is not equal in all of the areas, the more we move towards western and northern points of Khorasan province, the more will be the dominance of subjective-objective system. Totally, it could be said that the rate of the changes in Kormanji dialect of Khorasan is too high. By paying attention to this point that the ergative condition has remained among Kormanj people of Amard plateau and Aamarlou tribe in the suburbs of Neishabour(who are parts of Kormanj immigrants in Rudbar) intentionally or unintentionally, deletion of gender signs and transformation of ergative system to subjective-objective system in Kormanj speakers must have occurred during the second period in the time of Nader Shahe Afshar(1728.ad)
Conclusions & Suggestions: Kormanji like all of the other languages and dialects, has been undergoing changes in its historical and geographical way. These changes are different according to the rate of communication with speakers of other languages, national and local media and educational system. Some parts of these changes have happened naturally. In kormanji dialect of Khorasan, signs of gender and agreement patterns have last the significance. Also, ergative system is gradually being collapsed.
In Roudbari Kormanji, the combinational passive construct has been changed, signs of gender distinction have been decreased as much as possible. Also, grammatical system of this dialect has been changed from ergative to subjective-objective system. Totally, it could be said that Kormanji of Roudbar, in the way of language simplification, has acquired some of its grammatical and symbolic constructs from Persian, but if adopted and acquired constructs in some verbs, words and grammar rules have been in a contradiction with psychological and eloquent principles of language, have attempted to maintain archaic distinctions or creating new constructs in a dynamic way.

Fluoroquinolones have important role in treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. The main mechanism of fluoroquinolones resistance in P. aeruginosa is mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these mutations in ciprofloxacin resistance in different clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
A total of 75 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different university-affiliated hospitals in Tabriz. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were evaluated by Etest assay. DNA sequences of the QRDR of gyrA and parC were determined by dideoxy chain termination method.
From 75 isolates, 77.33% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. No amino acid changes were detected in gyrA or parC genes of the ciprofloxacin susceptible isolates. Thr-83→Ile substitution in gyrA was observed in all ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. About 90% of them had Ser-87→Leu substitution in parC. Geometric mean MICs of ciprofloxacin were different for various clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa which had the same situation in type and location of gyrA and parC mutations. Moreover, the geometric mean MIC in isolates from urine was significantly (p Mutations in gyrA and parC genes are the major mechanisms for ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the role of different effective factors in fluoroquinolone resistance can be different in various clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) is a key molecule in innate immunity, this acute phase protein, synthesized in the liver, binds to various microorganisms and damaged cells and destroys them by opsonization of aggressive agents and activation of the complement by relevant serine associated proteases. In this review study, we investigated the literature from Scopus, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: Genetic, Molecular Epidemiology Mannose Binding Lectin, Immunity, and Infectious disease. There are significant differences in serum levels of MBL and its genetic stability and this is due to genetic polymorphism of MBL and because of alteration of structural gene and the promoter region. Homozygous or heterozygous individuals with compound structural MBL gene are susceptible to some malignancies, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Administration of plasma-free or recombinant MBL, may be helpful to treat certain patients have limited amount of it.

Tuberculosis is the second factor in the deaths caused by infectious diseases in the world. Out of every ten infected people, only in one the clinical symptoms of the disease is developed. The correct vitamin D receptor activity on the nuclei of macrophages is one of the main components of the host innate immunity against M. tuberculosis. In the present study, the relationship between FokI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene and tuberculosis has been investigated. The subjects were 76 patients with tuberculosis and 81 healthy controls. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood leukocytes of all study participants, and amplified by PCR technique. Then the RFLP process was performed on all PCR products and the FokI polymorphism region was studied. The frequency of each of allele and genotypes was specified in the case and control groups and then analyzed by Chi-square test. The frequencies of FF genotype were 52.4% and 55.6% in patient and healthy groups, respectively, and also, ff genotype were 8.3% and 8.9% in patient and healthy groups; (OR= 0.99, 95% CI 0.33 – 2.96, P= 0.99). These differences in frequency between them were not statistically significant. In this study, there was no statistically significant relationship between allelic and genotype frequency of FokI (F/f) polymorphism in VDR gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the respective statistical society.

Tuberculosis is one of the main health care problems worldwide, so that one third of world population are contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It causes 3.1 million deaths annually, therefore, controlling tuberculosis is one the priorities of the world health organization. To control tuberculosis, identifying sources of infection is very important. Patients with active tuberculosis are the main source of infection, since they transmit infection via direct or accidental contact with sensitive individuals. In tuberculosis transmission, several risk factors are important including host factors, environment, and bacterial factors. Molecular epidemiology tools such as fingerprinting by IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping, MIRU, and ETR enables researchers to identify patterns of spread, source of infection, and specific strains which are responsible for transmission of tuberculosis and the tuberculosis that is caused by recurrence of the disease. These data will help in planning therapeutic strategies and controlling tuberculosis infection.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of important molecular methods that let us to understand more about molecular aspects of cells. DNA is the most important part of PCR reaction، that its quality and amount has direct effect on final results. In this study، we aimed to develop a protocol for extracting DNA from samples of tooth and bone belong to 3600 years ago. After grilling and cleaning all surface parts of bones and teeth we used buffers for removing calcium and other PCR inhibitors; then، we used Silica beads for collecting all DNA in our samples. DNA extraction amounts were 37ng/µl، 25ng/µl، 7ng/µl، 32ng/µl، 18ng/µl، 42ng/µl. In 67% of samples، we had extractions with high purity according to nano-drop results. Extracted DNA were examined for Real Time PCR، beta-actin gene that we had good results. Results of this study showed that this developed protocol has a good yield of DNA with enough purity and removing PCR inhibitors. We recommend this protocol for applying in same samples and studies.

Stem cells are primitive cells that can differentiate into cell types including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and umbilical cord blood stem cells. These cells divide, regenerate themselves and change to the specialized cells such as neurons, chondrocytes, hepatocytes and osteoblasts. Stem cells are able to treat different disease in the future, such as diabetes, arthritis and spinal cord injury but problems with the host immune response, cancer and infection that must be resolved.

It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected by M. tuberculosis. Because of differences in immune system activity against the invasive microorganisms، the disease is developed only among 10% of them. Vitamin D metabolism and its receptor activity are important factors in human native immune system against tuberculosis. In the present study we investigated ApaI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and association with susceptibility to tuberculosis. This study was performed on 84 cases with tuberclosis (male =50، female =34) and 90 controls (male =49، female = 41). DNA was extracted from cases and controls leucocytes and elected sequences amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure by using specific primers. ApaI polymorphism of VDR gene evaluated by RFLP technique on PCR products. Finally statistical analysis performed using Chi- square to compare genotype frequencies between cases and controls. In case and control groups، AA genotype frequency were 34. 5% and 33. 3% respectively (OR=0. 905، 95% CI 0. 469-1. 747، p = 0. 766) and a genotype frequency in patients and control group were 15. 47% and 13. 3% respectively (OR=0. 808، 95% CI 0. 333 1. 961، p=0. 637). In the present study we could not find any significant relationship between genotype frequency of ApaI (A/a) polymorphism in VDR gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis.

The use of Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) for treatment of vivax malaria is not common in most of malarious areas because of sensivity of this parasite to chloroquine. But، Plasmodium vivax isolates are exposed to SP because of mixed infection with P. falciparum and this subject has lead to emergence of mutations in P. vdhfr gene. As Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent species of human malaria parasites in Iran، monitoring of resistance of the parasite against the drug would be necessary. In this study، 50 blood samples of symptomatic patients were collected from four separated geographical regions of south-east of Iran. Point mutations at residues 57، 58 were detected by PCR-RFLP method. Polymorphism at positions 58R، of Pvdhfr gene has been found in 12% of isolates and mutation at residue F57 was not detected. Alleles with two points mutations in Pvdhfr gene were not found. This study showed that P. vivax in Iran is under the pressure of SP and the sensitivity level of the parasite to SP determines that this subject can lead to emergence of influence mutations in increase of drug resistance. So، this fact must be considered in development of malaria control program.

Giardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent intestinal flagellate protozoan that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Giardia is one of the most common intestinal pathogens in children causing sever intestinal disorder and growth retardation. This study was performed to determine subspecies of Giardia lamblia by the PCR-RFLP method, targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase(gdh) locus, in hospitalized children at the Urmia Mutahhari hospital, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran In this study, thirty four stool specimen were collected from the hospitalized children in Urmia Motahhari hospital and dgiardia cysts were detected using microscopy. Cysts were partially purified by the sucrose density gradient method and then washed with sterile distilled water to effectively remove the PCR inhibitors. Genomic DNA of G.lamblia isolates was extracted by freeze-thaw cycles followed by phenol/ chloroform/isoamyl alcohol method. A single step PCR-RFLP assay was used to differentiate the assemblages A and B which been found in humans. In this method, 432 bp expected size were amplified and then for detection sub species were used of specific restriction RsaI and BspLI enzymes. From 720 examined samples, totally 34 samples were positive in term of giardia cyst so the parasite spread rate was reported 4.72%. Analysis of PCR-RFLP on these samples revealed that 28 samples (93.3%) had the genotype BIII and two samples (6.7%) belonged to the subgroup BIV. PCR-RFLP is a rapid and reliable method that enables us to effective genotype discrimination within Giardia assemblages using glutamate dehydrogenase gene, and makes it possible to identify the presence of mixed genotypes. In the base results, an animal source of infection is suggested.

Imagery has a vast function whose examples can be seen in poetry, photography and movie. Cinematic techniques make it possible to objectively represent natural scenes, because the precondition for making any image is an exact look on natural beauties. This ability could be seen in literary works of the past. The present article is concerned with a literary narration of Iran History called Tārikh-e Beyhaghi and concentrates on some parts of the book which are dramatically and visually rich. The study aims at introducing the cinematic techniques used in this book through verifying them by instances from the world famous movies.

Examination of Geimsa stained blood smears is the main method of malaria diagnosis in our country, however, accuracy of results is largely depended on the skill and laboratory conditions. This study was designed and carried out to assess the current situation and to determine the effectiveness and quality improvement of malaria diagnosis program. In this analytical study, 100 positive blood samples for malaria by microscopic method (85 Plasmodium vivax and 15 Plasmodium falciparum) and 15 negative samples were collected from malarious areas of Iran and processed by Nested PCR to amplify the ssrRNA (small sub-unit ribosomal RNA). Kappa agreement coefficient was calculated by SPSS software. Except for one case, diagnosis either by microscopic or Nested-PCR was the same. The exception was for one case diagnosed Plasmodium falciparum by microscopic and in agreement method whiteas mix infection (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) by Nested-PCR. Agreement coefficient of microscopic and Nested-PCR methods was high. In contrast to previous studies, high agreement coefficient of microscopic and Nested-PCR methods in this study indicates, the effectiveness of quality improvement of malaria diagnosis program in Iran.

The present study investigated the role in transmission of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients residing in Northwest (East and West Azarbaijan) of Iran. We performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on IS6110 of M. tuberculosis isolated from Northwest Iran. Total of 165 isolates of M. tuberculosis were analyzed by RFLP method. The 5 copies and more IS6110 isolates comprised 30.52% of the total isolates. They formed 16 clustered groups consisting of 2 to 10 cases each. 69.48% of patients had a unique RFLP patterns. Cases from male patients were more clustered than female patients but statistically was not significant (P>0.05). In this study patients with 56 and older age were strongly associated with clustering (59.6%), which were significantly more than younger patients (P<0.05). In the present study we found old age as a major risk factor in contact dependent transmission of TB compared to disease recurrence. Unemployment and poor living condition were also among the risk factors in transmission of tuberculosis.

Development of azole resistance in opportunistic fungi is the most problematic reason in immunocompromised patients and at present time, there is an increased awareness of the morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections caused by resistant fungi to imidazole. This research was carried out for cloning and sequencing of Fluconazole resistance gene. Using genomic DNA of Aspergilus fumigatus (ATCC strain 90254) a primary 800 bp PCR product and then a secondary 1750 bp inverse PCR product were obtained. The 1750 bp PCR product was gel purified and cloned into E. coli using the suitable plasmid. Plasmid was extracted from transformed E. coli and the presence of expected insert into plasmid, was confirmed by digestion of plasmid using Eco R1 restriction enzyme. Also southern analysis using standard protocol was carried out for investigation of gene expression. Gel purified 1750 bp band was sequenced and after deletion of extra nucleotides from both side of residue a 1703 bp motif submitted at NCBI gene bank with accession No.: A 848856. In conclusion considering (resistant to fluconazole) A. fumigatus resistance gene to this compound was cloned and sequenced successfully in our lab. Since A. fumigatus is increasingly resistant to the widely used fluconazole, we emphasize for future additional studies for expression of this gene and its mRNA transcription to understand the effective and inhibitor factors for expression of gene.