محمد جمالو

Jahad Sazandegi was of the institutes that came into the existence by the order of the leader of Islamic Revolution. Although the nature and philosophy of its existence was to terminate the deprivation in rural areas, with the outset of Iraq-Iran war, jahad put presence in the war on its agenda. Considering the activities of Jahad in terminating the deprivation from rural areas on the one hand, and its public confidence on the other hand, Jahad’s performance in socio-political and military spheres helped to ease the war. The main question in the present study is:How is Jahad’s performance in the Iraq-Iran war assessed?Our findings indicate that Jahad had an essential role in the 8 years of Iran-Iraq war: both at the front-line, in engineering and military activities, and also logistically. With the post-war ruins in the country which necessitated the reconstruction of war-hit villages, Jahad backed by a positive record in effective termination of deprivation in early years of post-revolutionary Iran, took the responsibility of the reconstruction, and registered a very positive performance in war-hit areas.The present study has applied a historical approach, and a descriptive-analytical method; using the archive documents, and doing interviews with the activists and witnesses, and also enjoying the library resources

Throughout two decades of its activity (1358-1378), Jahad’s duties and responsibilities have seen fundamental developments and changes. Change in the essence of Jahad’s activities in its first decade of existence included vast dimensions. So, on the one hand, with the change in the socio-political arena of Iran, Jahad bore change and turmoil in its assigned responsibilities; and on the other hand, change in Jahad Sazandegi’s role, first, caused change in the administrative structure of Jahad, and finally lead to the destruction and disappearance of this institution.The main question in this study is to explain and analyze the way Jahad treated the crises that it faced in the first decade of Islamic Revolution; and also, how these crises affected the fundamental institutional change in it. The present study has used the archival documents, interviews, state reports, and library sources, and applied the descriptive-analytical research method.The research findings demonstrate that though Jahad firstly came into existence with the purpose of eliminating deprivation from rural areas, its involvement in the crises following first decade of Islamic revolution distanced this institution from its main assignments; and with taking some new marginal roles though it helped the stabilization of the Islamic Revolution in deprived rural areas, because of its varied responsibilities and role change, Jahad bore some kind of administrative turmoil in the inside, and in the end this turmoil lead to the change of Islamic Republic’s policy makers’ outlook on Jahad, and finally its distruction and disappearance

Shapur Bakhtiar is one of the most famous personalities of the National Front and political activists of the late Pahlavi era. Such a comprehensive study on his personality is important as his presence in the events that led to the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the post-revolutionary events is remarkable and as he is known as one of the main personalities of the National Front. According to different existing stories he is different from the remained common images regarding his membership in political circles. It seems that most of the stories and comments about Shapur Bakhtiar have been reproduced in the late Pahlavi era. Each existing narrative has been produced from various perspectives by different narrators. Relying on different narratives about the Shapur Bakhtiar produced by different parties and factional personalities, the study tried to analyze critically the existing narratives and identify the character of Shapur Bakhtiar.

Undoubtedly, historical documents are one of the most important sources for reliable and trustworthy historiography. Each of the documents in terms of content can be examined separately and in detail. In the case of historical documents, it should be noted that these documents are always present in the court of historical justice as objective witnesses to history. Let’s examine the content and structure of some documents from Komijan region of Markazi province. These documents are in fact petitions of Komijan and Farahan people to the National Assembly in 1305. In these documents, the people of the region have asked to send a doctor to take care of the region’s health. The parliament requested the issuance of a permit for a person named “Hamze pezeshki “. Since these documents are related to the history of Pahlavi Iran and examine some of the social problems of the region, it can be a witness to the social situation of the country in the early Pahlavi period. During the study of these documents first introduced the Komijan and Farahan region. And then we take a look at the history of health in Iran and the impact of World War I on Iran’s health, and then we look at the documentation of documents and their content.

No doubt the Islamic Revolution in Iran has imposed drastic changes on foreign countries’ political balance approaches vis-à-vis Iran.  The establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran and revamping of Iran’s foreign policy based on Imam Khomeini’s idea of exporting Islamic Revolution gave birth to new approaches in Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign communications and exchanges. The idea of exporting the revolution and its endorsement by Imam Khomeini as a priority for Iranian foreign policy during the early years after the victory of Islamic Revolution was welcomed by politicians as a benchmark for Iran’s interaction with the other world countries. This paper has tried to readdress “exporting revolution” as one of the frequently used concepts in the political literature of the early post-revolution years within the semantic scope of Imam Khomeini’s political thought in two dimensions of spreading Islam and justice. It has to be mentioned that the analysis of these two dimensions in exporting revolution does not mean ignoring other dimensions in Imam Khomeini’s political ideology. This is because various aspects in Imam Khomeini’s political ideology overlap in some cases.

The Persian journals published in different arenas of science, in printed and electronic versions, follow some special rules and regulations. While the rules for writing and publishing the articles in the Iranian scientific journals are similar in structure, regulations are also different from journal to journal. Then this has caused the absence of standardization in journals. Although the rules regulated by the commission of supervising the journals of the ministry of science, research and technology has organized the publish of the scientific journals, these rules are minimal and experimental, and yet far from the international standards of the scientific journals. The international publishing standard is already regulated and produced by the international institute of ISO, and journals are to be published applying the international standards. The need for applying the world standards in Persian journals has caused the fields such as medicine and librarianship take this into their consideration but in the field of History this is yet lacked, and scientifically dubious. However, the main concern in the present study is to examine the extent to which the international publishing standards of ISO are applied in the research and scientific journals of history. And we also want to examine if the insisted elements of the ISO publishing institute such as title page, list of the content, the repeated titles, footnotes, abstracts, the first page of the articles in a journal, the applied reference method are obeying the ISO standards. Since the present study is a practical one, and in the area of science survey, the approach we have applied in it is descriptive. In this study, taking the international publishing standards into consideration, we have recognized 26 research and science journals in the field of history, and set a chart for the criteria applied in the examination. The findings show that the research and scientific journals of history match the international publishing standards of ISO in 55 cases (69.47%). Also the findings show that the journals apply the regulations and rules ratified by the ministry of science, research and technology, more than the international ISO publishing standards. Consequently, we recommend that: the international publishing standards should be ratified as the regulations of the ministry of science, research and technology, and enforced by the journals, so that the standardization may occur.

The Internet of Things is a new paradigm, whose initial idea is based on the continuous interaction of the types of things around us; this continuous interaction has endangered the security of information and privacy of individuals, because effective mechanisms for personalizing privacy in this paradigm have not been implemented.
First, through the study of previous research, a relatively comprehensive understanding of the research was obtained and the initial conceptual model was designed; then using the Delphi method in four stages, the model was evaluated by the experts and after updating and modification, the secondary model was presented.
Findings: More than 50% of the experts confirmed the triple division of the original model and the main factors affecting information security and privacy of individuals in each category. Also, Kendall's coordination coefficient for the member's responses was .522 in the fourth quarter, which, considering that the number of session members was more than 22, Kendall's coefficient is quite significant.
This study presented a conceptual model taking into account the different dimensions of privacy and the quality of content and their requirements in the Internet of things paradigm, through which the possibility of personalization of "privacy" and "data quality" is provided and the security of information on the Internet is improved. According to experts, the initial model was confirmed and after modification and the update, the secondary model was presented.

Nowadays, documentary surveys bear speci¿c status in historic studies. Siaqi [ the writing style used for ¿nancial purposes] booklets are among the documents that should be taken for consideration at historic studies. The socio-economic history of Qajar era without studying these ¿nancial booklets written in Siaq are incomplete and vague. The present research surveys the booklet of collecting grains in Esfahan written in 1303 that is a good source of familiarity with Esfahan’s economy and social history during Zel-ol Sultan rulership.