محمد حمید ملائی

Entrepreneurship is a vital pillar in the economic and social progress of societies, playing a prominent role, especially in job creation and reducing unemployment.  Given the importance of this issue, entrepreneurship education in universities is recognized as a key tool for cultivating potential entrepreneurs and strengthening essential skills in this field.  This research aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The study population included experts in the field of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship management, and university entrepreneurs. For the selection of participants, a purposive sampling method of the snowball type was used, and with the theoretical saturation criterion, 15 people were selected as the sample size. In this research, thematic analysis using MAXQDA2024 software was used to analyze qualitative data. The research results showed that entrepreneurship education improves entrepreneurial behavior in various dimensions, including entrepreneurial intentions and purposes, intellectual and attitudinal skills, networking and mentoring, the supportive role of the government, and the duties of universities. In particular, entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving students' motivation and ability to start new businesses.  The findings also showed that entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving and developing support networks and access to the resources needed to launch start-up businesses. The findings of this study provide significant achievements for policymakers, planners, and instructors of higher education in Iran and can help promote the culture of entrepreneurship and the country's economic growth.

Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the mental patterns of tourists in religious tourism destinations in the city of Mashhad and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. In this research, Q methodology has been used to identify mental patterns. The statistical population of the study was tourists who have experienced travel to the holy city of Mashhad at least once. The sampling method was purposeful. The data obtained from the participation of 25 religious tourists in Mashhad were analyzed using Q factor analysis with SPSS 22.0 software. The findings of this study have identified seven mental types for the meaning of religious tourism: 1) Spiritualists, 2) Pacifists, 3) Belongers, 4) Liberators, 5) Seekers, 6) Subjectivists & 7) Empiricists.

Although entrepreneurship is fraught with failure, in an economy like Iran, starting a new venture performance after a failure is very difficult. Therefore, the issue of learning from failure is more important for Iranian entrepreneurs. This research tries to investigate the effect of failure experience and learning from failure on the performance of new investment and has been done in a quantitative, survey and descriptive method with a practical purpose. The statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs active in different industries of Qom province in 2019. By simple random sampling method, a questionnaire was sent to all entrepreneurs in likert scale and finally 100 questionnaires were analyzed by structural equation modeling method using SmartPLS 2.0 software. The standard questionnaire has 38 questions. Validity was confirmed by academic experts and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.748. The results show that the majority of entrepreneurs have experience of failure and agree that they can start a new venture performance by learning from failure. According to the results, it can be said that learning and experience of failure in entrepreneurial business are very intertwined and in fact experience of failure plays a key role for learning entrepreneurship, but in order to develop entrepreneurial businesses and according to the Iranian economy & culture is recommended that common entrepreneurial failures should be collected, and learning from failure experience of oneself should be replaced by vicarious failure experience and be taught in university.