محمد زارع

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of integrative e-learning design model on the academic performance of farhangiyan university students in Hamedan province. The current research was of applied type in the category of semi-experimental design with unequal control group. The stoical population of the study included all male undergraduate students in the field of Persian language and literature education, 30 of whom were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. At first, the academic performance pre-test was taken from both groups. Then the experimental group was trained based on the integrative e-learning design model for 10 sessions 90 minutes. The training for the control group was without intervention and using the usual electronic method and the same number of sessions and hours. Then, the post-test of academic performance was performed on both groups. The instrument used included the researcher made pre and posttest of objective academic performance with expert validation and reliability calculated at 0/79(pretest) and 0/81(posttest) through Cronbach,s alpha. Then the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance test. The finding showed that the application of integrative e-learning design model had a favorable effect on ...

Considering the numerous consequences of behavioral problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the present study aims to compare the effects of Brain Gym (BG) and Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on behavioral disorders in children with ASD in Kashan and Arak in 2020.

In this clinical trial, 36 eligible children were randomly selected and assigned to two intervention groups by block randomization. According to Dennison and Landreth-Bratton guidelines, BG and CPRT interventions were implemented in ten sessions. The demographic, Rutter, and Raven questionnaires were completed. Behavioral disorders were assessed by stereotyped behaviors, communication, and social interactions subscales of Gars-2 at the beginning, end of the intervention, and two months later. The data of 28 children (BG and CPRT, 15 and 13, respectively) were analyzed based on per-protocol and intention-to-treat designs by chi-square, Fisher, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

There was no significant difference between the two groups' demographic variables. Both analyses showed the non-significance of the interaction effect of time and intervention, the non-significance of the group effect, and the significance of the time effect (p<0.0001) on the behavioral disorder scores. At the end of the intervention and two months later, there was no significant difference in the behavioral disorder scores between the two groups.

Each of the BG and CPRT interventions, with a slight difference in effectiveness, alone can reduce behavioral disorders in ASD. Therefore, depending on the available conditions and facilities, at least one of the mentioned interventions is suggested to reduce behavioral disorders in children with ASD.

Most of the existing deep learning-based methods for 3D hand pose estimation from a single depth map are based on a common framework that takes a 2D depth map and directly regresses the 3D coordinates of keypoints, such as hand or human body joints, via 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The first weakness of this approach is the presence of perspective distortion in the 2D depth map. While the depth map is intrinsically 3D data, many previous methods treat depth maps as 2D images that can distort the shape of the actual object through projection from 3D to 2D space. This compels the network to perform perspective distortion-invariant estimation. The second weakness of the conventional approach is that directly regressing 3D coordinates from a 2D image is a highly nonlinear mapping, which causes difficulty in the learning procedure. To overcome these weaknesses, we firstly cast the 3D hand and human pose estimation problem from a single depth map into a voxel-to-voxel prediction that uses a 3D voxelized grid and estimates the per-voxel likelihood for each keypoint. We design our model as a 3D CNN that provides accurate estimates while running in real-time.

Every day we witness the formation of new technologies in education; One of these technologies during the last two decades is mobile technology. The noteworthy point in this context is the difference between the existence of mobile technology and the achievement of mobile learning in the e-teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research is to investigate the capabilities of mobile learning in the electronic teaching-learning process from the two perspectives of the existence of mobile technology and the achievement of mobile learning, and finally to achieve strategies to actualize it during the memorization-learning process. The research method is qualitative and interpretive in response to the research questions. In order to find the research done in the field of e-learning and mobile learning, these keywords were searched in the internal index databases among scientific research articles. Then, according to the relationship between the researches and the research topic, 7 related researches were analyzed according to the indexing year (1390-1400). In this research, we seek to answer the following questions; 1. What capabilities does mobile learning have for use in the teaching-learning process? 2. What are the strategies for moving from mobile technology to mobile learning in the teaching-learning process?

The research showed that mobile technology and mobile learning are different but related to each other. Also, mobile learning has useful capabilities and advantages for use in the teaching-learning process. In order to achieve mobile learning, two types of applied strategies of technology and education should be considered and applied.

Mobile learning based on electronic learning and with the help of mobile technologies can increase the effectiveness of learning and academic performance, increase memory, create motivation and strengthen self-efficacy.

One of the challenges in studies related to measuring patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is the selection of an appropriate measurement tool. In this regard, compliance with standards in design and reporting of psychometric studies is necessity. In addition, researchers should be able to correctly evaluate the methodological quality of psychometric studies. Considering the presentation of the revised forms for the consensus-based standards for the selection of health Measurement instruments (COSMIN) checklist, this study aims to review these checklists.

In this narrative review study, a search was conducted in national and international databases for articles measured the quality of psychometric studies by COSMIN checklist using related keywords in Persian and English with no time limitations. The results are presented in two sections, including the history of COSMIN checklist and the introduction of its revised forms.

There are four COSMIN checklists, including the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist, the COSMIN Risk of Bias Tool (by focusing on reliability and measurement error), the COSMIN Study Design Checklist, and the COSMIN Reporting Guideline.

Considering the increasing number of psychometric studies on the PRO measurement tools, the COSMIN checklists can provide comprehensive indicators for designing, reporting, and evaluating these studies.

The management of freshwater resources in the coastal aquifers of salt lakes requires understanding the dynamics of the flow system, geochemical evolution, etc. The salinity of coastal aquifers is mainly due to direct saltwater intrusion, or is associated with complex geochemical interaction of lake and Ground water. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of intrusion and entry of saline water of Maharlu Lake into the coastal aquifer of the Maharlu aquifer, employing hydrochemical parameters and delineating the chemical evolution of its groundwater. The information used in this study includes the water level fluctuations and spatial, depth, and temporal changes in water salinity, and the chemical composition of the aquifer groundwater. For this purpose, several methods including water table maps and salinity changes, diagram of hydrochemical evolution of water, Stiff diagram, and chloride to bromide ions ratio have been used. According to the results obtained in the whole study period (February 1997 to February 1998), the water table elevation of a large area of the aquifer is lower than the elevation of the lake floor and, therefore, the Lake saline water flows into the aquifer under the reverse hydraulic gradient. Hence, in addition to the normal phenomenon of saline water intrusion, which occurs due to density gradients, aquifer salinization is also strongly influenced by the entry of saline water under the influence of hydraulic gradients. Based on the results of this study, the aquifer in terms of salinity and the effect of the Lake water on its salinity is subdivided into three zones, including; an area that starts from the lake margin up to a maximum distance of 1000 meters, which is completely affected by the entry of saline lake water, an area starts from 1000 meters to about 1500 meters as a middle area affected by both phenomena and the area from 1500 meters to about 2200 meters, located in the foothills of the southern karst boundary,  the alluvial feeding area of the aquifer, which it's water quality is relatively suitable for agriculture.

The purpose of e-learning is to create favorable learning cognitions in the instructional-learning process. One of the success criteria in these courses is awareness of this learning method and its proper use. This study endeavored to investigate the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous e-learning on students' academic performance.

This was applied study with a pre-test-post-test research design included control and experimental groups. The research population included all undergraduate nursing students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of the academic years 2021-2022 (about 260 individuals). From this population, 30 individuals were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (15 individuals in each group). Initially, the academic performance pre-test was conducted for both groups. Then, the control group was taught the content of the psychology course in the form of asynchronous e-learning, and the experimental group was taught the same content in the form of synchronous e-learning. Afterwards, the academic performance post-test was administered for both groups. The instrument used included a 20-question objective test of pre-test and post-test academic performance from the psychology course. The content validity of this tool was verified through the confirmation of psychological experts. The reliability of the tool was calculated through Cronbach's alpha for pre-test 81% and post-test 79%. To analyze the data, covariance test was used.

The result showed that there is a significant difference between the scores of the academic performance of the psychology course in the post-test of the two groups trained by the synchronous method (p< .001): and the use of e-learning at the experimental group promoted the academic performance in the psychology course.

Based on the purpose of the electronic teaching-learning process, the use of synchronous learning improves the academic performance of students. Accordingly, planning and using this method is recommended.

the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO power on tax avoidance by considering the moderating role of audit committee quality in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, we calculate the CEO power index using CEO's membership in the board, long-term tenure, share ownership and composition of the board. Also, the audit committee quality was measured by indicators of size, financial expertise, independence and gender diversity. The statistical sample of the research includes 191 member companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013 to 2020. The results suggest that the CEO power has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. In other words, tax avoidance is lower in firms with powerful CEOs than in other firms. the results of the study indicate that the quality of the audit committee does not have a significant effect on the relationship between CEO power and tax avoidance. For the first time, this study provides evidence related to CEO power and tax avoidance in corporate markets and contributes to expanding the literature in this field. In addition, the evidence of this study is suitable for observers and policy makers in Iran and gives them a positive sign regarding recommending or requiring an audit committee in the board of directors.

The city can be considered the most complex human product that has undergone its evolutionary process throughout history. Urban issues and issues have many dimensions and levels that make their analysis very difficult. The combination of global and local challenges has created amazing urban complexities that try to intelligently deal with these complexities, ideas, strategies and new tools to improve the quality of urban spaces as the most important scene of life. Collectively formed at shorter intervals than in the past, events are spatial, temporary, and purposeful phenomena, and because they are the result of interaction between people, space, and event management, they are unique and each experience Offer new ones. This research is applied in terms of nature and descriptive analysis in terms of methodology, which seeks to investigate and analyze the rate of orbital event in Shiraz. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in three parts; Welfare facilities and infrastructure, transportation infrastructure and in the event space section were extracted in 15 categories. Then, the congestion optimization method was prioritized and then using the network analysis process to analyze the situation of 11 areas of Shiraz, the Analyt Spatial environment was used in the ArcGis software environment. The results showed that more than 65% of the areas of Shiraz, ie areas 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 11 are completely deprived and deprived in terms of access to event-oriented indicators. Distinctive results of the situation in the regions of Shiraz in terms of event-oriented indicators show that 27% of the regions are in a fully-fledged state, 9% in a state of enjoyment, 9% in a semi-privileged state, 18% in a deprived state and 47% in a state of deprivation. They were completely deprived. According to these findings, in the regions of Shiraz, the return of welfare infrastructure facilities will be a priority for urban managers.

Along with the development of international trade worldwide, related institutions, including the field of financing and other areas, have also developed. Instead of facilitating trade, this development has complicated, costly, and slowed trade under the pretext of providing security and stability, and has sometimes been influenced by the decisions of powerful institutions such as governments. The intervention of the world's powerful countries in trade relations under various pretexts and the imposition of various sanctions against countries also exacerbated this complexity. It seems that by eliminating these intermediaries, the complexities, slowness and costs of trade can be significantly reduced. Advances in information technology, especially blockchain technology, and its remarkable capabilities such as smart contracting, have helped international trade actors eliminate powerful intermediaries in a way that increases security, stability rather than decreasing it. This article specifically explains blockchain technology and, consequently, smart contracts, and finally, the problems of smart contracts, for which a solution must be found

The growth of urbanization and the expansion of cities have caused significant changes in the surrounding land cover. Changes in land surface characteristics as a result of rapid urbanization can affect climatic conditions in seasonal and long-term periods on a local, regional and global scales. Land surface change (LST) change is directly related to land cover changes, so that land cover change causes changes in the land surface temperature. Yazd plain as the study area, has witnessed many changes in land cover during the past two decades due to immigrants, so studying its temperature changes is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in land surface temperature of the Yazd plain over an 18-year period and compare it with land cover changes in order to determine the effect of these land cover changes on land surface temperature. The distinction between the current study and previous studies is the effect of land cover change on land surface temperature in different months of the year.

In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images were used to investigate the effect of land cover changes on land surface temperature in 2001 and 2019. Land surface temperature map were estimated for Landsat 5 satellite images using single band method, and for Landsat 8 images using split-window algorithm. The land cover maps for the studied years were prepared using the supervised classification method of maximum likelihood. Changes in land cover made from 2001 to 2019 and its effect on land surface temperature were examined.

In the land cover map of the study area, six land cover types of mountainous rangelands, plain rangelands, agriculture, sand dunes, barren lands and residential areas were identified. For better separation of land cover, images related to the peak of vegetation period were used in the classification processes. After determining the degree of class segregation, the supervised classification was performed by the maximum likelihood method, and then land cover changes were detected in the area. In order to investigate the changes made in the study area, the area and changes of each land cover were also extracted. Urban areas with an increase of 12.1% area had the highest growth, and agricultural lands with 28% reduction had the highest reduction in area. At the same time, the study period with increasing migration from villages to urban areas, the phenomenon of urbanization and industrialization of the study area can be the reason for this issue. Also, the 24.5% increase in the area of sand dunes is due to recent droughts and the placing of the study area in the sedimentation site of the wind erosion process. Although little vegetation in sand dunes has stabilized them, in recent years with the loss of this cover, the area of wind erosion process has increased. Land cover changes map was extracted from the area in 18-year period. The Land surface temperature maps for four months of the year were prepared using the single channel method in 2001, and the split window algorithm in 2019. For better comparison, the relevant Land surface temperature indexes per month was classified into 10 categories at 2 °C intervals and the areas of the classes were compared with each other. In order to investigate the effect of land cover change on land surface temperature, the mean, minimum and maximum land surface temperatures in each land cover on the mentioned dates were examined. The results show that the land surface temperature in each area of the earth is influenced by surface factors and its characteristics and the temperature obtained in different land cover is different. Land surface temperatures in bare lands and sand dunes that have been converted into other land covers have dropped significantly, so that, in July and September it dropped about 2°C. Most of the temperature increase is related to the conversion of agricultural lands to bare lands, sand dunes and mountainous rangelands. Contrary to the existing hypotheses that the greatest increase in temperature is related to changing agricultural to residential land cover, in this area located in arid regions of central Iran, the conversion of agricultural lands to bare lands and sand dunes has led to higher temperatures. The change in land surface temperatures in the changed coverage in February was higher than in other months and less in September.

The results of this study showed that during 2001-2019, the area of residential lands and sand dunes increased and the area of agricultural lands, bare lands, and rangelands decreased. The results of land surface temperature assessment in changed land cover showed that the land surface temperature in bare lands and sand dunes that have been converted to other coatings has decreased significantly. Conversion of agricultural lands to bare lands and sand dunes has led to higher temperatures than other land cover type and physical development has created numerous environmental problems.

Valid, reliable, short, sensitive and accurate tool is needed to diagnose pain in dementia patients. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of short-form Persian version of Doloplus-2 (P-Doloshort) in pain assessment in elderly with dementia.

In this cross-sectional study, 100 elderly were selected using convenient sampling from private clinics and nursing homes in Kashan in 2018-19. Construct validity was determined by exploratory factor analysis, known-groups approach and convergent validity. Also, reliability was evaluated by internal consistency, equivalence, and stability. P-Doloplus-2 and P-Doloshort were used as the reference standard and the index test, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS-v16 using independent T-Test, linear regression, Pearson and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), Cronbach's alpha, ROC curve, and diagnostic test parameters.

Factor analysis identified the tool as a single-factor; it was able to explain 65.851% of total variance. P-Doloshort was able to differentiate between two groups with and without painful underlying diseases (P<0.0001). There was a positive and significant correlation between P-Doloshort score with P-Doloplus-2 score (r=0.975, P<0.0001) and PACSLAC-II-IR score (r=0.0001, P<0.0001). Cronbach's alpha, ICC and standard error of measurement were 0.898, 0.891 and ±1.183, respectively. The relative frequency of minimum and maximum possible score was less than 15%. At the cut-off point of 2.5, area under ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy were estimated 0.985, 0.956, 1.000 and 0.970, respectively.

P-Doloshort can be used as a valid, reliable, sensitive and accurate tool for pain assessment in elderly with dementia.

Nowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of power’s airplane in its territory. In the literature of International Relations what is called ‘the power shift from the Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific’ can be an evidence for this claim. However, the crucial issue which must fuel china power’s airplane is the energy supplies and how to provide the stability and security of energy. Any fluctuation in the field of energy could enflame the problems accumulated inside Chinese society and destabilize the relationship between societal and political systems. It could challenge the china power and its status as a great power and affect actual international order as well. This article attempts to study the effect of Persian Gulf region as energy supplier on China energy security in several periods and the evolution of Chinese view about the Persian Gulf region.

Due to the importance of studing the behavior of asset markets, the risk aversion term and its operational calculation has attracted many researchers. The present study intends to examine this issue by considering a portfolio with three assets in the three  markets of stock, currency and gold. Therefore, by examining the fluctuations of previous years in the portfolio consisting of three macroeconomic assets , stocks, currency and gold, we can assess the risk aversion of investors in these markets and the causal relationship between these markets and take steps to construct long-term policy goals.

To investigate the issue, using a mathematical equilibrium model and dynamic econometric methods, the monthly data of stock markets, currency and gold during the period 1995 to 2018 has been analyzed.

Based on the research findings, the amount of risk aversion for the sample size shows that the average risk aversion index of investors in the stock market is higher than the other two markets and this index is the lowest in the gold market. Also, the value-at-risk index of return has a one-way causality and a significant relationship with the degree of risk aversion of investors in all three asset markets.

The results of this study of risk aversion and risk value in these markets can help policymakers to better understand the interactions of these markets, control them and eliminat the destabilizing conditions of these markets. Specifically in the case of the Iranian stock market, it can be said that investors are relatively more risk averse to the both gold and foreign exchange markets in the conditions of economic recession and increasing political instability, in other words, stock market investors have less confidence in  the exchange and gold markets. The reason is the newness of the stock market compared to the global stock markets and also the longer existence of gold and foreign exchange markets than the emerging stock market in Iran. Also since gold assets have an intrinsic value and the dollar market is supported by a large global economy, Therefore to strengthen the support of the Iranian stock market, it seems improving economic infrastructure,  promotion of the conditions of companies in the stock market, increasing government support for competitive condition and prohibition of direct intervention in the stock market are necessary. In addition, due to the complex nature of the stock market and the lack of sufficient public information , the need to inform and increase public awareness for a long-term presence in the stock market seems necessary.

The increasing exploitation of groundwater reserves and consequently the drop in the water level and reduction of the reserves have seriously caught the attention of officials and planners to the integrated management of groundwater and surface water resources. The evaluation and management of water resources are considered as one of the key factors in comprehensive development. Boein Aquifer in Isfahan Province located in the Gavkhooni Basin is studied in this study. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) and Groundwater Standard Index (GRI) in the time scales of three, six, 12, 24 and 48 months and Cultivated Land Index (CLI) in annual time scale are calculated. Results showed that the highest correlation between the SPI and GRI is in 18 and 24 months' time scale, and there is a delay of 1.5 to 2 years between these two droughts. Contrary to the results of some references, the correlation between meteorological drought index and GRI does not always increase with increasing the time scale. A synchronic study of the SPI, GRI and CLI shows a large difference between the SRI and the other two indicators in 2004-2008 periods that may be related to the poor management of the region. However, more close values obtained for these three indices in the recent years mainly due to the better management of water consumption by relevant organizations. To determine homogeneous drought regions, different combinations of temporal and spatial scales were used by creating 39 different scenarios and running 390,000 simulations. None of the heterogeneity measures were met in 90% of cases. This indicated that the linear moment technique is not a suitable method for determining homogeneous arid regions of groundwater probably due to the non-random data. Therefore, the linear moment technique will be more useful if the data is random.

Temperature is one of the most important physical parameters that control the transfer and exchange of energy between different layers of the earth and the atmosphere. LST estimation methods based on satellite images require surface and atmospheric parameters such as surface emissivity, average air temperature, atmospheric transfer coefficient, and water vapor as input. Uncertainty in these parameters causes errors in the retrieval of land surface temperature. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of different methods for estimating atmospheric water vapor in estimating land surface temperature using Landsat 8 images. In this study, atmospheric water vapor was estimated using FLAASH atmospheric correction methods, MODIS sensor images, and SWCVR method. Then, the impact of atmospheric water vapor on land surface temperature accuracy was investigated using the split window and single-channel methods. Validation of Land surface temperature images was performed using cross-validation and ground measurement methods. Therefore, 20 Landsat 8 images related to 2018 and 2019 were used to estimate atmospheric water vapor by the FLAASH atmospheric correction and SWCVR methods, and land surface temperature estimation. MODIS radiance images were used to estimate atmospheric water vapor and the land surface temperature product of this sensor was used for cross-validation. The surface temperature was measured using a thermometer in places with homogeneous cover, for ground-based validation. Results showed that among water vapor estimation methods, the SWCVR method is more suitable for estimating land surface temperature and the split-window method based on the SWCVR method shows the lowest RMSE and MADE at 3.47 and 3.18. Results of RMSE image classification of split-window algorithm based on the SWCVR showed that 1.67% of the area has an error of more than 4 °C and 98% of the study area has less than 4 °C error.

In the wake of the financial crisis in various asset markets, Attention necessity to mutual and simultaneous effects of these cycles in Prevention of deep crisis by imposing adaptive adjustment, flexible and integrated policies by the monetary and capital authorities in the country is inevitable. Thus, this study using a stochastic portfolio literature in a dynamic structural model framework , is investigated the impacts of Return cycles in exchange and gold markets , which have a higher liquidity than other assets, on stock market cycles .The Results significantly implicate the transmission of Exchange and gold markets shocks to the stock market. In addition, the stock market cycles receive more impacts from the exchange market than gold market. So according to the connection of these markets together, the capital market policy makers are recommended to prevent financial collapse and extreme crisis in the stock market during financial crisis in currency and gold markets by imposing supportive policies. It is also advisable to provide adequate support to the capital market in the event that the currency and gold markets are in demand due to future economic uncertainty so that capital will not be sent to other markets for speculative purposes.

Specifics regarding land cover and land use is an essential element of the planning process, as it can undoubtedly lead towards the debate around the present plans and patterns and the necessity to modify land use included in a regional plan. In this research, land use maps were prepared using Landsat TM (2000), (2008) and OLI (2016) satellite imaged. Land cover mapping was conducted after pre-processing and processing satellite images, creation of training samples and assessing maps accurate was done by coefficient kappa and overall accuracy. Supervised classification technique with maximum likelihood method were used to show the land use map. In this research, we use the 2000 and 2008 land cover maps to predict the 2016 land cover map and then use the 2008 and 2016 land cover maps to predict the 2024 land cover map.According to the results, with passing time the area of built-up area and mountainous increased with the passage of time while the dense poor rangeland, rich rangeland and agriculture area decreased during the period 2000-2016. The results of predicting changes in the time interval 2016-2024, showed that 55/0 of agriculture, 82% of rich rangeland, 80% of poor rangeland, 51% of built-up, and 0.97 of mountainous will remain unchanged

The transfer of any concept from the sciences to engineering needs a comprehensive understanding and an ability to connect the two. Thanks to their evolution and passing of the test of time, the use of biological features has always been of particular importance. Adaptability is one of the main characteristics of living organisms, which let them survive in changing environments and ultimately results in their evolution. It can involve a number of aspects in architecture: functional, structural, formal, cultural, and commercial. On this basis, it is essential to pay attention to scale in any concept transfer from the sciences to architecture. The present research studies the scale in the original science and tries to define corresponding scales in architecture. Determining corresponding scales facilitates the use of a given scientific concept in architecture. The research starts with a study of the concept of adaptability in biological sciences based on their characteristics and scales; and then seeks ways to transfer them into architecture using a solution-centred approach. The research method is deductive starting from macro- and then moving on to micro-levels of the sciences. Finally, adaptability is studied in various built-environment scales with its associate elements classified. The connection between the two areas is made, first through the introduction of analytic units as datum points, and then the establishment of corresponding levels. This approach prevents possible misconceptions caused by incompatible scales in the two realms.

Export plays an important role in economic development and growth of the country. Therefore, a reliable approach to achieve short and long term goals in the companies in today's competitive world can support the company along the path to growth and development and bring the company to a position desirable for its managers and staff. It is important to identify the internal and external factors affecting the export especially the carpet export. Regarding this importance (or given this important), the purpose of this research is to provide a model (or a pattern of) for the Iran Carpet Export Development in Post-JCPOA period. Statistical population of this research is Iranian handmade carpet exporters which amount to 110 people, so census method was used to distribute the questionnaires from which only 86 questionnaires were collected and used for the analysis. Face validity and the construct validity were proved using the management experts' opinions and using factor analysis, respectively, and also the reliability of the questionnaire variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Smart PLS. Results show the influence of internal factors (Differentiation, empowerment, cost factors, consumer protection and organizational culture) & external factors (Customer willingness, access to channels, competitive factors, external consumer behavior and sanctions) on export development

The number of stormy days is determined by various factors such as wind speed, rainfall, soil moisture and so on. The study of this index in the country can be considered in various plans. The purpose of this research is mapping of the number of dusty stormy days in Iran and selecting the best model based on the climatic data of 150 meteorological stations for the period of 25 years (1986-2010).

Dust stormy days’ data of the studied stations were analyzed using variogram curves to represents their spatial correlation. Gaussian variogram (R2=0.96) shows the highest correlation between the data. Then, map of the number of dust stormy days in Iran were prepared using different geostatistical and mathematical methods. For this purpose, several mathematical interpolation methods including Inverse Distance Method (IDW), Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and geostatistical method of Kriging were used. To select the best interpolation method among several geostatistical and mathematical methods, statistical indicators of Root Mean Square (RMS) and correlation coefficient between observed and predicted data were used.

Results show that the highest correlation between predicted and observed data (R2 = 0.74) was found in kriging indicator method. The southeast and southwest of the country have the highest number of dust storm days.

High number of dust stormy days in the southeast is resulting from drying of Hammon lakes and blowing of 120-day winds in Sistan plain, and entering of dust from Arabic countries form the direction of southwest. North part of the country has the lowest number of dust storm days.