محمد صفائی

This research presents an application-oriented approach for developing machine learning models that consider the trade-off between model accuracy, processing speed, and efficient resource utilization, focusing on applications such as wearable smart systems.

A set of models is developed based on the Abstraction and Decision Fusion Architecture (ADFA), and then, using a multi-criteria decision-making approach, the appropriate models for the intended application are identified. The proposed methodology has three main phases: 1) developing models based on the ADFA, 2) defining evaluation criteria, and 3) selecting models using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP).

The experimental results of this research demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in developing suitable machine learning models for applications related to wearable devices, such as smart glasses.

Originality/Value: 

This research introduces three innovations: 1) the use of ADFA for developing models for the classification of Persian handwritten characters, 2) defining a new abstraction for summarizing handwritten character images, and 3) developing a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach for mapping the developed models in the ADFA to real-world applications.

Automated image processing technologies are being implemented increasingly for infrastructure monitoring applications thanks to their high level of accuracy, versatility and efficiency. Therefore, they can be employed for management, repair, and maintenance of transport meta-structures to reduce costs, enhance accuracy, and accelerate task completion. Moreover, the novel technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) had a considerable effect on the improvement of different industries. This study addresses the influx of sand to the rail surface in desert areas. This problems is now analyzed through the conventional method (i.e. field observation), which is the simplest possible technique requiring ongoing inspection and large amounts of time and resources. Hence, the use of novel technologies of image processing and artificial intelligence as well as aerial images helped take a major step in the automated analysis of this problem. In rail networks across desert areas, the influx and accumulation of sand block railways, slow down and stop trains, and sometimes cause accidents. Thus, it is essential to adopt an automated system for the timely detection and resolution of this problems in order to prevent additional costs or further accidents. UAV-based imaging, smart image processing based on convolutional neural networks, and deep learning are employed in this study to design a comprehensive system for monitoring the problems. This system can greatly decrease the costs of monitoring the safety of rail networks and significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of repair and maintenance systems. The proposed system can also provide the centralized ongoing monitoring of Iran’s transport network.

The specialty of emergency medicine is actually a multidisciplinary study that interacts with almost all other specialized fields.

The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, which is the study of Peymaniyeh Hospital and Professor Motahari (RA) Jahrom. The mayor of the hospital, the supervisor of the emergency department and the person in charge of improving the quality of the hospital were formed. Data collection was done by semi-structured interview method with open questions, which reached the saturation limit with the participation of 9 people, and the 7-step Claysey method was used for data analysis.

Based on the opinions and experiences of the participants in the study, in the matter of explaining the role of emergency medicine specialist in providing services in the emergency department; 6 main themes (management and leadership, improving the quality of service delivery, patient satisfaction, economic benefits, developing team and interdepartmental cooperation, and improving education) were obtained with 33 sub-themes. Also, 25 components were extracted in the issue of obstacles and facilitating factors in providing services.

The results of this study showed that among the five roles that are expected from emergency medicine graduates; Specialists have been more successful in playing caring, managerial, consulting and educational roles, and the role of research has been weaker.

Investigating the probablility of rare events occurring (events that occur with very low probability) is an important issue in portfolio risk management. extreme value theory of value provides the mathematical basis for modeling these events and calculating the risk criteria associated with them, such as the value at risk. The purpose of this paper is to model the dependency structure andextreme value theory of 10 foreign exchange companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (Persian Gulf Holding, Bandar Abbas Refinery, Mobarakeh Steel, Topico, Ghadir, Parsian Oil and Gas, Melli Mes, Gol Gohar, Mobile Communications, Chadormelo).The results indicated the fact that among the stock returns of the top 10 companies evaluated, it is possible that using extreme value theory of value using vine Copula functions, the results of the forecast were greatly increased. Results of the copula function in six modes: simple Copula (t), time-varying Copula (tDCC), and Gaussian distribution-based time-varying Copula (GDCC). tvSJC) was investigated. In all six cases, the use of the Copula -wine method increased the accuracy in predicting optimal stock returns.

Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks (Taft and Abkouh formations) in the south of Yazd host lead, zinc and barite ore deposits. Diagenetic processes after deposition in these carbonates have caused the formation of these deposits. The main diagenetic processes affecting these sediments include compaction, brecciation, neomorphism, cementation, dissolution, dolomitization and replacement. The dolomitization and replacement process has led to the formation of lead, zinc and barite ore deposits. Hydrothermal fluids through the active and normal faults have provided the conditions for the formation of these deposits in the carbonate rocks of this area. The formation of the ore deposit occurred during two stages of mesogenesis and telogenesis. In the mesogenesis stage and in the burial conditions, first dolomite is formed and after the entry of hydrothermal fluids and supply of necessary elements, the replacement has created sulfide minerals. During the telogenesis stage, some parts of the formed sulfide deposits are re-exposed to meteoric fluids, leading to the formation of oxide ore deposits.

Examining the effects of climate change on the oak spatial distribution, as the main species of Zagros forests and its ecological and economic values is of significant importance. Here, we used species distribution models for simulating current climatic suitability of oak and its potential changes in 2050 and 2070. For this purpose, five regression-based and machine learning approaches, four climatic variables related to temperature and precipitation and two optimistic (RCP 2.6) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5)  greenhouse-gas scenarios were used. The results of measuring the accuracy of models by AUC indicated the good performance of all algorithms and Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.95) among other methods. The results showed that in both time periods and under both scenarios, changes will occur in oak spatial distribution and the most severe one would be a 42.9 percent loss in the oak climatic suitability in 2070 under pessimistic scenario (RCP 8.5).

In order to evaluation of producibility and drought tolerance of three varieties of forage mille and one variety of sorghum, the experiment was conducted a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation frequencies consisted of irrigation after 80 (control), 120 and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan as main plots and sub plots was consisted of sorghum varietiy (Sorghum bicolor var. Speedfeed) and three varieties of millet (Setaria italica var. Bastan, Panicum miliaceum var. Pishahang and Pennisetum americanum var. Nutrifeed). Irrigation after 120 mm evaporation resulted in a mild drought stress. However, the delay in irrigation reduced values of studied growth and physiological characteristics forage yield and reserves in shoot appeared to be important in this situation. Drought stress reduced forage quality by reducing the leaf area and leafy index. Sorghum variety compared to millet varieties had higher drought tolerance due to higher dry matter production as well as the highest value of tolerance indices MP, GMP, STI and HAM. Of the three varieties of millet, Pishahang proved superiority. At control irrigation frequency, highest forage yield (6251 Kg/ha) produced by Speedfeed, and the highest forage yield (9376 Kg/ha) obtained from Pishahang among millet cultivars. Higher forage quality achieved by Nutrifeed millet due to highest of leaf dry weight, leafier index (45%) and crude protein percent (20.7), which can be considered in agronomic decisions.

Due to the fact that the rating of mutual funds creates an unbearable impact on the public interest in order to request the issuance or revocation of investment units, the proper assessment of the relevant ratings is very important. One of the factors that should be considered in ranking is attention to different risk assessment criteria. In this study, we used information from 112 investment funds in the period from April 2012 to March 2013 based on ten criteria including Sharp criterion criteria, Trainer criteria, Jensen alpha standard, M2 benchmark, AR criterion, Moderator trainer standard, Jsen Alfa standard adjustment The Omega benchmark, the Sortino benchmark and the UPR, the investment fund rankings have been made. Over the period, the Iranian capital market has experienced a sharp increase in both growth and decline and, as a result, The basis for the desired and undesirable risk criteria is the ability of a fund to flourish It also showed up during the recession. Attention to the favorable and undesirable risk over this period greatly increases the ability to rely on the results of the research and can add to the research's sustainability.

Effect of different dietary levels of nucleotide supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, immune system status, small intestine morphology and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens was evaluated using 308 one-day-old mixed-sex Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 7 replicates of 11 chicks in each, up to 42 days of age. Experimental treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control), and the basal diet containing 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent nucleotide supplementation. The results showed that feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the broilers were not significantly affected by experimental treatments. Results of humeral immune system response at 35 days of age showed that the blood serum IgM concentration in 0.2 percent nucleotide group was higher than 0.05 percent group(P

In this paper, the relationship between corporate governance, earnings management and financial management have been investigated. current accounting is used. This theme uses data from 110 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1387 to 1391 was conducted. To test the hypothesis of multivariate regression model, the least squares method with panel data is used. The results indicate that none of the indicators of corporate governance (including size, independence and remuneration of the Board), no significant effect on earnings management. The board size index of corporate governance significant effect on the indices of the effective tax rate and the effective tax rate accounting firm's financial management. But none of corporate governance indices have had a significant effect on the effective tax rate this year. In general it can be said increase (decrease) resulting in reduced board size (increase) the effective tax rate and certain accounting and financial management is in the end.

Legionella pneumophila mortality and morbidity is a health concern worldwide. Due to the role of water in transmission of Legionenlla، several techniques have been used for water disinfection. This research was aimed to analyze the efficacy of ozonation process and the effects of bacterial density، contact time and pH on the removal of Legionella pneumophila from water. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from hospital water line and spiked into sterile drinking water with 300، 700 and 1000 CFU/ml densities. Ozonation was conducted within 1 L batch glass reactor with injection of 5 mg/h and contact time of 5 to 30 minutes at pH = 5، 7 and 9. Legionella culture was performed in supplemented BCYE containing GVPC and thermal treatment. After ozonation، the developed colonies were identified via biochemical and morphological tests. In pH =5، the contact time 25 min and pH= 7 as well as the contact time 30 min، increase of legionella density from 300 to 1000 CFU/ml led to the reduction of removal efficiency from 100 to 87% and 100 to 82%، respectively. In pH=9 and contact time 20 min with the same bacterial density، 300 to 1000 CFU/ml، the disinfection efficacy was decreased from 100 to 91. 5 %. Ozonation is an appropriate technique for elimination of legionella from water. The increased bacterial density led to the reduction of removal efficiency. The lowest and highest performance rates were obtained in pH=7 and 9، respectively.

Oral health prepares us for daily activities without discomfort، and dissatisfaction. In this research، agreement level between parents and children aged 11-14 year-old in reporting child oral health-related quality of life was studied in Isfahan city. In this descriptive، analytical and cross-sectional study 128 pairs of parents and children aged 11-14 were selected with random sampling technique from schools in Isfahan and were asked to complete the relevant questionnaires. The questionnaires evaluated quality of life in four fields of oral signs، functional deficits and emotional and social health. In order to evaluate child-parent agreement، intra-correlation coefficient (ICC)، Pearson’s correlation coefficient، Spearman’s correlation coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used (α=0. 05). The agreements between PPQ11-14 (parent perception questionnaire)، CPQ11-14 (child perception questionnaire) and the related fields were 0. 81، -0. 67. The highest agreement level (ICC=0. 83) was related to emotional health (excellent)، followed by functional deficits (ICC=0. 80)، social health (ICC=0. 69) and oral signs (ICC=0. 64). Pearson''s test showed significant correlations between CPQ11-14 and PPQ11-14 (r=0. 81) (P<0. 01). Although parents، especially mothers، may be used as proxies for their children in relation to quality of life and related fields، the views of both should be obtained in order to fully represent child oral health-related quality of life issues.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of seizure and about 10% of patients with severe and moderate trauma develop seizure. Phenytoin is an anti-seizure medicine which is widely prescribed to prevent seizure in TBI patients. Even it has non-linear pharmacokinetics in therapeutic concentrations, the prescription of which necessitates continuous evaluation of plasmatic level of medicine and regulating the dosage.

This study aimed at surveying the variability of Phenytoin serum level in TBI patients in Poursina Teaching Hospital to determine the dosage of medicine more precisely to reach the Prophylactic level.

In a descriptive longitudinal study, 90 patients of Trauma Ward of Poursina Hospital were studied. Phenytoin serum level was estimated in first, second, and seventh day after hospitalization by using RAN DOX kits, the results were then analyzed by SPSS software (ver16). Exact Test, Fisher, and Pearson T-test were utilized to analyze the data.

Out of 90 studied patients, 79 (87.7%) were men and 11(12.3%) women. Mean age was estimated 36.3±15.6 for men and 41.7±16 for women. There was no significant difference between the Phenytoin level in first and third day in two groups. The Phenytoin serum level in 24 first hrs didn’t reach therapeutic level in 75.6% of patients. The average of Phenytoin serum level was in therapeutic level in third day and Phenytoin serum level didn’t reach therapeutic level only in 5% of patients (p≥0.05). This average figure was 20-30 mg/dl in more than half of the patients on seventh day, during which all patients reached therapeutic level (p≥0.05). A significant relationship was observed between age and Phenytoin serum level in all three levels (p<0.05).

Phenytoin is considered as an anti-seizure medicine which is vastly used in TBI victims. Using Phenytion requires exact monitoring due to its limited therapeutic range and linear pharmacokinetics. Since the changes of medicine dosage can lead to blood poisoning and make the medicine ineffective, its prescription needs much more attention regarding its gender, age, and needed dosage.

Despite relative low incidence of spinal cord tumors, they have significant importance as a result of their critical location and being potential for spinal cord compression. Also a large group of these tumors would be completely curable if be diagnosed on time and treated well. The aim of this study was assessment of spine and spinal cord tumors relative frequency in neurosurgery ward of Poursina Hospital in Rasht from 2002 to 2008. In a descriptive study, we studied medical documents of admitted patients in neurosurgery ward of Poursina Hospital in Rasht whom suffered from spine or spinal cord tumor. We collected necessary data including age, sex, tumor's type, involveded segment and location of tumor related to dura and analysed them with SPSS 14 software. Out of 55 studied patients, 28 (50.9%) were male and 27 (49.1%) female. The youngest patient was 4 and the oldest one was 74 years old. Mean age was 46.22 years of age. Fifth decade of life was the most frequent decade with 13 cases (23.6%). Extradural tumors with 22 cases (40%) were the most common types of tumors. Then, 21 cases (38.2%) had intradural extramedullary tumors and 12 cases (21.8%) intramedullary. Moreover, 27 tumors (49.1%) were in thoracic segment of spine. Cervical, lumbar and sacrococcigeal region of spine had 14, 13 and 1 tumors, respectively. According to the study Schwannoma was the most common type of tumor with 11 cases (20%) followed by meningioma and small round cell tumors with 8 cases (14.5%). Although most results of this study are relatively similar to previous ones, there are several differences among some parameters such as the most frequent decade and the most involved segment of spine in intramedullary tumors. Many of spinal tumors versus brain tumors with timely diagnosis and prompt treatment will have good prognosis, therefore obtaining knowledge about epidemiology of these tumors and applying them in differential diagnosis are of high importance.

Oral health includes healthy mouth and its healthy tissues, which prepares us for daily activities without discomfort and dissatisfaction. In this research, agreement level between parents and children aged 8-10 in rating child oral health-related quality of life was studied in Isfahan. In this descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study 138 pairs of parents and children aged 8-10 were selected with simple random sampling technique from elementary schools in Isfahan and were asked to complete the relevant questionnaires. The questionnaires evaluated quality of life in four fields of oral signs, functional deficits, and emotional and social health. In order to evaluate child-parent agreement, intra-correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used. The agreements between PPQ8-10 (parent perception questionnaire), CPQ8-10 (child perception questionnaire) and the related fields were 0.63, -0.28, and -0.67. The highest agreement level (ICC = 0.69) was related to functional deficits (good), followed by oral signs (ICC = 0.56) (moderate) and emotional health (ICC = 0.31) (mild). The least agreement level was related to social health (ICC = 0.08). Pearson's test showed significant correlations between CPQ8-10 and PPQ8-10 (r = 0.46) (p value < 0.01). Although parents, especially mothers, may be used as proxies for their children in relation to quality of life and related fields, the views of both should be obtained in order to fully represent child oral health-related quality of life issues.

The Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction affected the carbonate platforms and its critical condition resulted in deposition of only non-skeletal sediments as microbial deposits and fan-shaped aragonitic bodies that directly precipitated on seafloor. These sediments usually precipitated in shallow equatorial platform in which physiochemical condition was suitable. The Shahreza section in south of Isfahan is one of the exclusive section that recorded sedimentation continuously in Permian to Triassic intervals. Moreover the Early Triassic sediments in this section have shown abnormal sedimentation and sea water composition. Growth of aragonite fibers in the form of fans and associated in domes shows the evidence that changed by Permian-Triassic mass extinction mechanisms. These fibers have grown synsedimentary in seafloor and formed large domes. These evidences have shown that aragonite has been the original carbonate mineralogy when the ambient water was supersaturated in respect to calcium carbonate.

Acromegaly usually caused by increases Growth Hormone (G.H) secretion Pituitary adenoma. Sometimes Atopic acromegaly reported after tumors such as lung, pancreas and colon cancers.

The aim of this article was to determine the best method of treatment in these patients.

In this article 2640 patients who underwent surgery between 1982-1999 were studied.

2440 patients operated transsphnoid, 200 transcranial and 85 with mixed method.

Regarding to suitable response and better chance of treat with surgery in comparison with Radiotherapy and the range of healing and complications of recent management, surgery recommended as the best management for acromegaly.