محمد صنعتی

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gender role conflict and the severity of symptoms of mental disorders and the attitude towards help-seeking in Iranian men. 302 male students of three universities, namely University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University and Shahid-Beheshti University, completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the gender role conflict scale (O’Neil et al. 1986), Brief Symptoms Inventory (Derogatis et al., 1983), and the short form of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (Fischer et al., 1995). The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that psychological distress had the most positive relationship with the factors of "work-family conflict", "restrictive emotionality" and "success, power, competition", respectively, and the attitude towards help-seeking has the most negative relationship with " restrictive emotionality " and "success, power, competition" factors, respectively. Also, the proposed structural model of the present study about the effects of the masculine gender role conflict on psychological distress from two direct and indirect paths (through the negative effect on help-seeking attitude) had a good fit. Thus, it seems that the masculine gender role conflict increases the severity of psychological distress through a negative effect on the help-seeking attitude.

Orbital transfers are an inevitable part of space missions. An optimal impulsive maneuver is one that consumes the minimum amount of energy to accomplish the transfer. The problem of optimal impulsive orbital 3D maneuver has been the subject of very few published researches due to its particular complications. Finding the optimized solution to this problem needs innovations in every aspect. However, this paper tries to turn this special kind of transfer into an applicable concept. In this paper, optimization equations to express the geometry of initial, target and transfer orbits with respect to each other are derived using the spherical trigonometry. Moreover, several cases for positioning the initial and target orbits relative to each other are presented. Based on actual applications, the problem is solved for both unconstrained and time-constrained cases. Comprising several local minimums is a characteristic of this optimization problem, consequently, variations of the delta-V are presented as a function of independent variables to achieve the general solution. The numerical results for the optimal impulsive orbital 3D maneuver are presented for a case study, and it is verified by comparing the results in a particular case with those from the Lambert problem. The illustrated results show the appropriate accuracy of the derived equations and performed computations.

Intrusive thoughts are characteristic of emotional and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to compare strategies that pati- ents and nonpatients use to control the intrusive thoughts. Two groups of patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD, 11 males and 14 females, mean age 29) and Mixed Anxiety-Depression Disorder (MADD; 10 males and 15 females, mean age 27), and a group of non patients (12 males and 13 females, mean age 28) were selected. Participants answered the Thought Control Questionnaire (Wells & Davies, 1994)and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). The findings showed that OCD and MADD patients mostly used punishment and worry strategies. The non patient group used more distraction and social control strategies. No significant differences between groups were found in terms of utilizing the reappraisal strategy.

This article, which begins with a critique of psychoanalytic criticism, attempts to compare the traditional criticism of literature and art, with psychoanalytic criticism. The former one, originated from Plato and Aristotle, was founded base on the master- subject relationship between philosophy and literature and was absolutely dominant until nineteenth century; the latter one, on the other hand, tries to subvert this relationsship. This article is to study this relationship and to study the background and the major developments of psychoanalytic criticism as a pluralistic method of interpretation which mainly aims at analyzing literary and artistic works.