محمد طحان

Today, robots have found a prominent role in our human lives. In recent years, social robots have become a part of all kinds of human activities, especially in programs such as entertainment, education, companionship that include children, the interest of this work is in the interaction of social robots with children in the field of special education. The aim of this research was to systematically investigate the application and challenges of using robots in special education.

To identify the challenges and application of social robots, two documentary methods and reference groups have been used. At the beginning and after examining the related sources, a total of 355 sources were identified, 26 of which were evaluated more precisely based on the criteria of usefulness. After the multi-stage analysis and extracting the findings, the relatively common cases were combined with each other and categorized into three main areas, dimensions and quality indicators. In the next step, after checking the validity of the findings by the peer review method, these findings were refined according to the conditions.

The results showed that social robots were effective in achieving therapeutic and educational goals, especially for supporting children with special needs.

This study showed a large number of attempts to apply social robots in the special education of children with different disabilities, especially in recent years, as well as a wide variety of social robots from the market that are involved in such activities. Also, considering the colorful role that robots can play in education, especially special education, and considering the previous findings that indicated the positive effects of social robots in the education and treatment of children with special needs. The main result of this work is that the specific field of application of social robots is in the first step of development, however, it is expected that it will receive the attention of the research community in the coming years.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between study skills and academic enthusiasm and procrastination of first secondary school students in Semnan city. Therefore, in this regard, descriptive research method of correlation type has been chosen. The statistical population of this research consists of all the first secondary students of Semnan city, the statistical population is 898 people. Using Morgan\'s table, 260 people were selected randomly. In this research, three study skills questionnaires were used: Palsani and Sharmal (2001), Fredericks et al.\'s academic enthusiasm questionnaire (2004) and Solomon and Rothbloom\'s academic procrastination questionnaire (2003). The obtained data have been analyzed using Pearson\'s correlation coefficient test and regression analysis with SPSS 20 software. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship between study skills and academic enthusiasm and a negative and significant relationship with procrastination of the first secondary school students of Semnan city.

One of the most severe physiological, psychological disorders and the most critical risk factors for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. High blood pressure is associated with several factors, such as thought control strategies and perceived stress. This study aimed to investigate the role of thought control strategies on perceived stress in hypertensive patients. The research method was a descriptive correlational. To select the research sample, 180 patients with hypertension who referred to the health centers of Qaenat (200 persons in total) were selected in 2018. Participants then responded to Wells and Davis (1994), Perceived Stress Questionnaire Cohen (1983). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of mind control, the component of distraction, reassessment, fear and punishment with perceived stress (p <0.05). So that the component of distraction and reassessment of negative relationship and the components of worry and punishment are a positive relationship with perceived stress (p <0.05). Thought control strategies play a role in the perceived stress of hypertensive patients. Stress causes many disorders and mental illness, including hypertension. However, if a person is mentally sound and healthy, he will not be stressed and will be safe from blood pressure.

Child sexual abuse is a serious issue with serious consequence. Self-care education programs can improve children’s awareness, knowledge, and skills to defend themselves against sexual abuse

The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of the program of psychological intervention with smart robot on good sexual care of primary school children.

The study was carried out as a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and a control group. The sample group consisted of 80 students (8-12 years old) in 2019 year, who were selected through cluster random sampling and randomly allocated to control groups (20 girls and 20 boys) and experiment groups (20 girls and 20 boys). The experiment groups attended a psychological intervention program with a robot in 10 sessions. The control group received no intervention. The tool used in the study was an endogenized questionnaire by Lezli Tuti (1995) to measure knowledge and awareness of children about sexual abuse. The questionnaire was filled out for the participants in pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The collected data was analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA in SPSS (v.25).

The results showed that psychological intervention with a smart robot had a positive effect on good sexual care of children (P <0.01). In addition, the sexual care was effective in increasing knowledge of the children to tell a good touch (P<0.01).

Psychological intervention using a robot was an effective way to improve sexual care in children. Therefore, this method can be used by consultant, psychologists, and authorities as a therapeutic method.

Children with autism spectrum disorder have many problems with social skills.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral therapy tactics training in improving and increasing social communication and social interaction in autism students.

This study was performed by a semi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all students with autism with 7 to 12 years of age who referred to the Tolo Center for Disorders in Ghaeat in 2018. Out of them, 16 autism students were selected by available sampling method. Subjects underwent 9 sessions of behavioral therapy tactics based on the ABA protocol (for 2 months). The research tool was Gilliam Autism Scale (Garz-3) (2014), which was completed before and after the intervention by the parents of the students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics, correlation coefficient and t-test.

The results showed that behavioral therapy techniques led to improvement and increased social interaction and social interaction in autism students (P<0.05).

Therefore, it can be concluded that behavioral therapy techniques can be an effective way to improve the capacity and improve students in the self. This in itself confirms that these students should not be left alone without a well-codified curriculum that fits the needs of each child.

Test anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems that plays a destructive and deterrent role in students' mental and educational health, which can impair a person's performance and lead to failure in the exam.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation in students with test anxiety.

The present study is a correlational correlation. The statistical population of the study included all students with test anxiety who referred to Ghaenat Education Counseling Center in 2018 (100 people). Who were purposefully selected. Subjects responded to the Young Inconsistent Schema Schedule Questionnaire (2005), the Scale Scale of Lieri Negative Assessment (1983). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that there is a relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation in students with test anxiety. (P<0.05)

The results showed that early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation play an important role in students' test anxiety. Cultivating successful and healthy students will lead to a healthier and more successful society.

An empty nest syndrome is a kind of mental wilting, which is felt in the parents after the emptying of the house from their children and their absence along with parents, since the occurrence of this syndrome in middle age and ages Higher socially in this age group can have a special effect on the overall health of the community. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the efficacy of a group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life of the elderly with nasal syndrome.

A quasi-experimental research was carried out with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all elderly people referred to the Mashhad Mashhad Psychiatric Center in 2018. In this voluntary and voluntary sample population, 30 elderly as a sample were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 90 minutes of treatment based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups responded to the quality of life questionnaire (IRQOL) at the beginning and the end of treatment. Statistical analysis of data was done with SPSS-22 software and inferential statistics (covariance analysis) (p

The Internet is a strong and multimedia technology that meets the most basic needs of human beings; however, this new technology can have great negative effects on people's lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Internet addiction on the quality of life of nursing students in Islamic Azad University of Ghaenat.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students at the Islamic Azad University of Ghaenat Branch in the academic year of 2018. In order to select the sample group, available sampling method was used and the Yang Internet addiction inventory questionnaire was used for data analysis. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis with spss-18 software.

The results showed a significant negative correlation between internet addiction (p value < 0.05) and quality of life of students, as well as positive correlation between quality of life (p value < 0.05).

The Internet can relieve a person from everyday life and endangers many of life's homework. Therefore, it is recommended that educational programs be designed to push students towards the proper use of the Internet and scientific sites. The results can be solved by counselors, Psychologists and relevant authorities.

One of the key issues in the world economy is the non-oil export of agricultural products. Due to the favorable climate conditions, Iran has a special place in the cultivation of agricultural products, among which saffron and barberry have a special place, so that Iran is known as the largest producer of saffron and barberry of the world. But in the field of export of saffron and barberry products there are challenges. In this research, we tried to investigate the factors influencing the export of saffron and barberry with regard to the elements of the mixed market from the point of view of experts, experts and exporters. In this type of research, the descriptive-applied research is concerned with the relationship between the independent variables of product characteristics, quality, packaging, price, distribution channels, advertising promotions with the dependent variable of export. A questionnaire has been distributed and distributed among experts, experts and exporters. The sample was 120 experts. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Among the results of this research will be to identify barriers such as distribution channels improper packaging of undesirable lack of publicity abroad and the introduction of saffron and barberry to the target market, the speculators and middlemen noted in the research proposals to address These barriers are presented.

In order to improve the patient's safety, countries are required to monitor the safety of systems, and in this path, patient safety culture should be explored and developed among staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education on patient safety culture on the promotion of safety culture and self-efficacy of nurses in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand.

The present study was carried out in a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand in 2018 (100 people). From this statistical society, based on the Morgan table and by stratified sampling, A total of 80 nurses were selected and Randomly and evenly divided into two experimental and control groups. The group training sessions of the patient safety culture were conducted for 4 sessions of 2 hours for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the pretest and posttest, both groups responded to the research tools (Patient Safety Culture and General Sherer Self-efficacy Questionnaire). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) by using covariance analysis.

The results showed that in the variable of safety culture due to the variable effect, The education of the patient safety culture was significant (P <0.01); in the self-efficacy variable with respect to the effect of the variable, The education of the patient safety culture was significant (P = 0.001).

Training on patient safety culture to nurses, Affects the promotion of their safety culture and self-efficacy; Therefore, it is suggested that planners, administrators, use this methodology to promote the safety culture.

One of the basic factors that could jeopardize mental health is mammonism and the intense interest in the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teachings of Nahjolbalagheh about mammonism damage on mental well-being of gastrointestinal patients.

The study adopted a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the female patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders (stomach ulcers, gastritis, gastric reflux and intestinal nervous disease) who referred to Amiralmomnin charity of Boshruyeh city (100 people) in 2016-2017. Out of this population, 40 people were selected through convenient sampling. The participants responded to Warwick Edinburgh’s (2007) mental welfare questionnaire and then were randomly placed in a treatment or control group (20 people each). The members of the treatment group underwent 8 sessions of training about mammonism damages based on Nahjolbalagheh (adapted from statements of Imam Ali (A.S.) and Nahjolbalagheh). These trainings were provided by the use of the package developed by Shahabi and Shahabizadeh. The control group however did not receive any training. In the end, both groups answered the research question again. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of covariance. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.

The findings indicated the mammonism damage training concepts based Nahjolbalagheh affect the patients’ mental welfare, optimism, positive relationships with others, energy level (p<0.003).

Based on the obtained results, mammonism damage training based Nahjolbalagheh can be useful on gastrointestinal patients’ well-being. Therefore, this type of treatment is recommended to mental health professionals.

Grief is one of the most popular human reactions that it happens in all cultures and age groups in response to different types of loss, especially the death of a loved one. In order to treat the following signs of grief psychologists profit various methods. So this study were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapy based on the quality improvement of life on anger symptoms reduction in patients with complicated grief. </span> This study was conducted experimental with pretest-posttest and control group with random assignment. The sample group were selected among all patient that were referred to the counseling centers in Kashmar city and based on DSM-V criteria were diagnosed with complicated grief symptoms. Among the clients for available were selected 30 patients (male-female) and randomly were divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups responded to the  Zygl's Multidimensional Anger inventory(pretest). Afterward the experimental group were psychotherapy based on quality improvement of life for 8 sessions (Frisch, 2006). The control group continued their previous treatment during this period. Then both groups triables post-tested. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Analysis of covariance showed that after intervention, there was significant difference between experimental and control groups, in anger symptoms reduction (0/01 <p). according="" anger="" chi="" dir="RTL" eta="" impact="" is="" of="" post-="" related="" scores="" span="" symptoms="" test="" the="" to="" variance="">.Psychotherapy based on the quality  improvement of life have a positive impact on anger symptoms reduction in patients with complicated grief and we can use this method to help patients mental health.</span></p).>

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interventional therapy on the control of anger among children without children in Kashmar in 2017-2018.</span> This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children (8-15 years) of the children's care center of al-Ghadir in Kashmar. To select the statistical sample, among those who according to the psychologist's opinion and Springer's wrath questionnaire, the lower scores in the dimension (internal / external anger control) were obtained, 30 individuals were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control (each group was 15 People) were replaced. The data collection tool was Springer's Anger Scale, completed in two stages before and after the intervention. The intervention included interventional therapy (8 sessions, 1.5 hours) that was performed for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.</span> Findings showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control group in the post-test phase. Also, imatography is effective in controlling the external and internal anger of the unprotected children (P = 0.001(</span>. According to the findings of the research, imaging therapy is effective in controlling the anger of abortive children.</span>

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of grassroots training on social anxiety of blind students. The research is semi-experimental in which pre-test design was used after the test with the control group. The statistical population of this study was all blind students of the elementary school (first and second period) in Tehran. The number of sample members in this study was determined by 16 people who were selected by the available sampling method from the target population. Due to the small size of the research community, this study attempted to include all members of society as examples. After selecting the sample, the members were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (8 subjects, eight controls). The information gathering tool was Watson & Freund's social anxiety scale (1969). To test the hypothesis of covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the studies showed that the observed difference between the social anxiety scores of the participants according to group membership in the post-test for social anxiety with 99% confidence and for its components: avoidance and social distress and fear of negative evaluation with 95 The confidence level is significant.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the sense of hope and psychological well-being of patients with vitiligo (PCI).
This semi-experimental research is a pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male and female patients referring to Hazrat-e-Abolfazl Hospital and Oriental dentistry dermatologist of Kashmar in 1395. The sample was selected through voluntary and voluntary sampling method. The research tool was a Schneider Hope Scale and a psychological well-being reef. For data analysis, SPSS-22 and inferential statistics (covariance analysis) were used.
Findings showed that the mean scores of hope and psychological well-being in the post-test of the experimental group were significantly higher than the mean post-test scores in the control group.
Positive psychotherapy is effective in increasing the hope and psychological well-being of patients with vitiligo. It can, therefore, be considered as a therapeutic approach.

Cancer is one of the prevalent diseases that allocates a large part of the resources of the health care system. Stress, anxiety, and depression are major problems in patients with cancer. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy on stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with cancer. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with cancer admitted for treatment in Valiasr Hospital in Birjand City, Iran, in 2017. Out of them, 40 people (20 men and 20 women) were selected by sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (each group included 20 patients; 10 women and 10 men). Initially, both groups were pre-tested. Then, the experimental group received music therapy (for 6 days, half an hour per day). At the end of the study, both groups responded to the research instrument (post-test). The study instrument was DOS Stress and stress questionnaire (21 questions). The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of covariance in SPSS V.22. The results showed that music therapy is effective on lowering stress, anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. Non-medical methods such as music therapy should be considered in the medical staff training program and also be considered as part of the treatment in all hospital patients, especially in special departments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on improving social adjustment of third grade male students in the second year of high school in the humanities through a quasi-experimental research method. The statistical population of all third grade male students in the second year of high school in the field of humanities in Mashhad in the year of study was 2016. Using random sampling, 50 students were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups (25 in each group). Data were collected using the Clark et al. (1953) Social Adjustment Questionnaire. In this study, the reliability of the social adjustment questionnaire was 65.. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the effect of cognitive-behavioral group counseling on improving students' social adjustment is significant. According to the results, it can be concluded that if group counseling is applied in schools in a cognitive-behavioral manner, students will make significant progress.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected using simple sampling method. The research design was comparative descriptive. The data were collected by implementing a researcher-initiated questionnaire for measuring the barriers of women's employment. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between employed and housewives in social and cultural barriers (P = 0.003), educational management barriers (P = 0.048) and technical barriers (P = 0.001), but there was no any significant difference in economic barriers (P = 0.999), psychological barriers (P = 0.440) and policy barriers (P = 0.084).

Test anxiety is a common phenomenon among students and is one of the problems of educational system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on self-talk in reducing the test anxiety in nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Birjand.
This research was a semi-experimental study, using pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study was all nursing students of the Islamic Azad University of Birjand who were studying at this college in 2018. In this research, the students were selected by cluster sampling method. Among them, 30 subjects who were the highest in the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAT) were selected as the sample and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 1 hour self-talk educational program and the control group did not receive any special treatment. Anxiety questionnaire was used to collect data.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the test anxiety in the experimental group and the control group after the experimental intervention (teaching self-talk strategies) at a meaningful level (P≥0.05). Mean and standard deviation of the test anxiety score in the two experimental groups and control were 53.03 ± 6.78 and 46.96 ± 10.25, respectively.
Therefore, cognitive therapy based on self-talk can be effective in reducing the test anxiety of nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Birjand and can be considered as a treatment method.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy games on behavioral problems in children with Down syndrome.
The present study was a semi-experimental design with a post-test-pre-test design with a control group. To select the research sample, 12 children with Down syndrome (educational) were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group was 6). Then, the teachers of these children responded to the Conner's behavioral questionnaire (Teacher's Form) (pre-test). In the next stage, the experimental group received a cognitivebehavioral therapy during 10 sessions. Finally, the teachers responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance analysis.
The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy games are effective on behavioral problems (conduct problems, hyperactivity and passive neglect) in children with Down syndrome.
Cognitivebehavioral therapeutic play therapy is an effective method for reducing behavioral problems in students with Down syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of communication skills training on the desire to communicate with others and to prevent the shyness among slow paced adolescents. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 13-15 year-old slow paced female students in the city of Ghaenat (South Khorasan Province) in the academic year of 2013-2014. From this community, 24 slow-paced girls were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experiment and control groups (each group consisted of 12 students). Teachers or parents of both groups answered the research questionnaires (pre-test). The experiment group was trained in communication skills for 10 sessions of 45 minutes and the control group did not receive any education. At the end, both groups responded to the research questionnaires (post-test). The tool was a measure of the Samouie’s Shyness Questionnaire and Ganji’s Desire to Communicate. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 using covariance analysis. The results showed that the effect of communication skills training on the desire to communicate with others (P=0.50, F=0.000) and coping with shyness (F=153.49, P=0.000) is meaningful. That is, the difference between the experiment and control groups in terms of the effect of communication skills training on the desire to communicate and coping with shyness is meaningful. Communication skills training for the experiment group compared to the control group significantly improves the desire to communicate with others and deal with shyness among slow paced adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of group-based therapy on commitment and acceptance in increasing life satisfaction in patients with empty nest syndrome.
The semi-experimental research had pretest design with control group. The statistical population included all middle aged people who referred to Kashmar Psychiatric Center in 2016. And 30 volunteers were selected randomly and were divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 consecutive 90-minute treatment sessions based on admission and commitment, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups responded to the life-satisfaction questionnaire (SWLS) at the beginning and the end of treatment. Statistical analysis of the data was done with SPSS-22 and inferential statistics (covariance analysis).
Findings showed that the mean of life satisfaction scores in the post test of the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean post-test scores in the control group.
The results showed that a group based on commitment and acceptance therapy leads to an increase in life satisfaction in people with empty nest syndrome. It can therefore be considered as a therapeutic approach.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of admission and commitment therapy on increasing sexual satisfaction in people with nasal syndrome. This semi-experimental research is a post-test pre-test with control group.
The statistical society was comprised of all men and women in Tehran whose children left them and separated from them. 30 persons were selected using available sampling method.For data collection, the Larsson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire was used in the post-test. The experimental group received group treatment of admission and commitment during 8 sessions of 2 hours and the control group received no treatment. In the post-test phase, the questionnaires were repeated on both groups. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data.
The findings showed that the average of sexual satisfaction scores in the post-test and the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean post-test scores in the control group.
Based on the findings of this study, admission and commitment therapy can be effective in increasing sexual satisfaction in people with nasal syndrome.

The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of gardener therapy on reduce behavioral problems in slow step girl students. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The population of the current study include all the slow step girl students who were living in the Ramadan children's preschool institution in the city of Mashhad. 30 students select by voluntary random sampling method, and according to include criteria, and randomly were assigned to experiment and control groups (each group 15). The participants completed Conner's Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (Coach Form). The experiment group was subjected 12 sessions of gardeners. The results showed that gardener therapy is effective on reduce the behavioral problems of slow step girl students and can be used as a therapeutic approach.