محمد فروزنده

To achieve continuous growth in a project-oriented organization, managing projects individually does not work well. By combining multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) and strategic analysis, the present research examines the challenges of selecting and managing the project portfolio in the Nano Development Headquarters, emphasizing the importance of optimal use of limited resources and reducing investment risk. Its main goal is to develop a model for evaluating and prioritizing projects based on the greatest synergies and values and improving the effectiveness of decisions in line with strategic goals.

This research uses a hybrid approach that includes the implementation of a scientific framework with five steps. At first, using the SWOT analysis, three key strategies were formulated to manage the portfolio of nano projects: portfolio of multidisciplinary cooperation, portfolio of commercialization of nano products and portfolio of connection between nano and everyday life. The projects were categorized using the concepts of synergies and the benefits map. Then, using the Electre method, the projects were prioritized based on 10 criteria and included in the final basket. Finally, a balanced portfolio of projects was selected and a roadmap for better management of this portfolio was presented.

The research showed that among the 32 initial projects, 7 projects were removed and 3 other projects were also abandoned due to non-compliance with the key criteria. According to the SWOT matrix, four options were presented and three strategies were developed based on that. The categorization of projects was done based on the concepts of synergy and proximity of projects to strategic goals and the intended value created through the logical map of benefits. The final grouping of the projects in three categories: pearls, oysters, and white elephants was done with the opinion of experts, and with the update of the final basket, the definite priority of each project in each basket was included in the portfolio roadmap. With this approach, an optimal combination of projects in portfolios was created, and the order of projects was determined. The presented model was able to create an optimal combination of projects and determine their execution order by considering the primary criteria, risk analysis, probability of success, earnings, and return on investment (ROI). Also, the roadmap of the project portfolio was drawn to help better management and achieve strategic goals. The final finding from the data analysis is that initially, basket 2 (D5, B3, A3, E5, E1, E2, D2, A1, C2) started with project D5 and at the end of the first three years of basket 1 (B6, A4, E4, B2, A5, D1, B5, E3, E6) with project B6 will start simultaneously with projects E5 and E1 and the start time of basket 3 (E7, D7, E8, C1) in the middle of the second schedule with project E7 with the implementation of projects D2, A1, E4, and B2. The maximum execution time for basket 1 is ten, for basket 2 eight, and for basket 3 six years.

Research limitations/implications: 

Access to data, experts' lack of familiarity with project portfolio management concepts, and the unpredictability of nanotechnology and changing criteria are some of the limitations of this research. The research is specifically focused on the field of nanotechnology, but it can be easily extended to other fields with personalization. In this research, the concepts of project portfolio management, synergy of projects, and logical map of benefits have been used for writing. It is suggested that in future research, aspects of uncertainty in the decision-making process allocation of resources and project schedule should be addressed with modelling.

Practical implications: 

By providing a comprehensive model for project portfolio management, managers can make better decisions in selecting and prioritizing projects. This helps to increase efficiency and reduce risks associated with projects. It also helps companies get closer to their business goals and grow and develop their business by creating synergies.

Social implications:

 In addition to the positive effects on improving public health, the environment, and increasing the quality of life, the correct selection of the portfolio of nano projects will help project-oriented companies to achieve higher standards in the fields of safety, health, and environment (SHE) by using project portfolio management. At a larger level, it helps government and policymakers make more informed decisions to invest in and support nanotechnology projects that directly lead to economic and social development.

Originality/value: 

This research is added to the literature on project management because it provides a comprehensive and new framework for selecting the project portfolio from different angles and can be a valuable resource for researchers and managers. Overall, this research provides a useful framework for organizations seeking to optimize their project portfolios.

Today, due to the increase in complexities and uncertainties faced by manufacturing organizations, the production of products faces planned/unplanned events that happen during the production life cycle. Meanwhile, some factors can have a significant impact on the success or failure of the organization, and the most effective of such factors is the occurrence of delays and disruptions in the production and delivery schedule. Some of these factors are caused by the nature of the industry, which is difficult to reduce/eliminate. The effect of many other factors can be reduced and sometimes eliminated. Most of the manufacturing-related literature focuses on providing solutions to the issues that lead to delays. The neglected point in the literature is to identify the underlying factors that lead to delays in the production schedule and delivery of products and to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying delays in production environments. This study aims to reduce delays and optimize production time by identifying and ranking the possible factors causing delays in production organizations based on the review of the literature related to production and empirical research.

Design/methodology/approach

: This research includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a more detailed analysis of the dimensions related to the problem. First, four types of production systems, i.e., engineering to order, manufacturing to order, assembly to order and production to warehouse have been described, and then these production environments have been compared with different aspects. In the following, by reviewing previous research and benefiting from experts, factors affecting delays in production projects have been identified and localized, and the weight of each criterion has been determined using Shannon's entropy method. Finally, by applying this model in the manufacturing industries of Iran and using the TOPSIS technique, the causes of delay have been ranked.

Due to their nature, production systems are exposed to risks caused by various delay factors. The results indicated that engineering based on order, manufacturing based on order, assembly based on order, and production for warehouse are exposed to more risks, respectively. The most important causes of delay in each production system were among the other results. Based on the findings, it seems that manufacturing organizations, knowing the nature of the system, rank their system in terms of delays, and prevent unfortunate events in this field by careful planning.

Research limitations/implications:

 The extent of industries and manufacturing companies in identifying comprehensive criteria contributed to the study. However, from the point of view of specialization of the results, every industry must obtain relevant results by implementing the proposed approach according to the type of its production system. Therefore, more context-specific research is needed to examine the unique aspects of organizational cultures that include social, political, economic, technological, personnel, and personal considerations. Therefore, future studies should provide the analysis and findings in each case because each one will bring distinctive and unique findings in its case.

Practical implications:

 Accurate identification of the production system used in manufacturing industries and the main causes of delay can provide managers with a more effective view to prevent destructive consequences.

Originality/value:

 This study investigated the causes of delays in various production projects in Iranian manufacturing organizations. No research has been performed on investigating the reasons for delays in various types of production environments in the manufacturing organizations in Iran, as a developing country exhibiting differences in the aspects of cultures, social, political, economic, technological, personnel and personal.

The use of new agricultural technologies such as bio-elicitors is a valuable approach to reduce effects of drought stress. The present study investigated the prospects of enhancing yield and some physiological properties in quinoa under different levels of plant water requirement using elicitors, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) elicitors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative effect of elicitors MeJA and SA foliar application on the yield and yield component of quinoa under drought stress. This experiment was conducted during 2020-21 cropping season as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Zabol University, Iran. The main plots was irrigation regimes at three levels: 100, 75, and 50 percent of crop water requirement and sub-plots of foliar spraying in six levels including: Control (sprayed with distilled water), 70% ethanol, 0.5 mM SA, 0.5 mM MeJA, 1 mM SA and 1 mM MeJA. In this study fertile branches per plant, sterile branches per plant, panicle numbers per m2, seed numbers per panicle, 1000 seeds weight, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and seed yield were measured. Determination of irrigation cycle and crop water requirement was based on CROPWAT 8.0 software and Penman-Mantis equation. For plant coefficients used FAO default data. Irrigation planning was determined with 85% efficiency and water volume of each plot calculated using a digital water meter.

The physiological response of the plants in terms of relative water content (RWC) was improved by 100 and 75 percent of crop water requirement conditions. The relative water content of the leaves decreased significantly under the influence of drought stress, although there was no significant difference between the control treatment and the supply of 75% of the water requirement of the plant, by increasing the stress intensity to 50% of the water requirement of the plant, a decrease of 31.6% in the relative water content of the leaves was observed. Additionally, doubling the elicitors concentration increased the yield and non-yield traits. Foliar application of MeJA and SA significantly increased the seed yield and fertile branches and sterile branches per plant, panicle number per m2, seed number per panicle and chlorophyll index treats. The use of 1 mM SA gave the best response after MeJA. Despite providing 50% of the plant's water needs, plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate produced 45% more fertile shoots than plants sprayed with distilled water. Drought stress increased the number of infertile shoots by 77% compared to control plants. Increasing the intensity of drought stress and decreasing water availability decreased the filling rate and ultimately the seed weight. The application of 1 mM concentration of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid increased the chlorophyll index compared to the control. Based on the results of comparing the averages, the highest level of this trait (46.84) was observed in the concentration of 1 mM methyl jasmonate. The positive effect of methyl jasmonate on the chlorophyll concentration of leaves may be due to the increase in the number and size of chloroplasts. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and foliar application had a significant effect on all traits except 1000 seeds weight, RWC and chlorophyll index. The highest seed yield (2929.3 kg ha-1) was obtained from 100 percent of crop water requirement (4662 m3 ha-1) with 1 mM MeJA treatment.

Our results showed that impaired water supply of quinoa with significant loss of relative water content endangers cellular health and reduced yield. In general, it can be said that, to achieve maximum yield of quinoa it is possible to use 100% of crop water requirement with 1 mM MeJA foliar application.

Drought condition is one of the most important abiotic stresses through the world. In the first place, the best way to prevent the reduction of crop yields in drought conditions is to use natural compounds that play a key role in growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) belongs to the Chenopodiaceae family, a plant with high nutritional value and rich in protein as a future crop. Due to the high resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, global demand for quinoa is currently increasing and its global production is less than market purpose.

This experiment was conducted during 2020-2021 cropping season as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Zabol University (UOZ), IR. Iran. The main plot factor was irrigation regimes at three levels: 1- Irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement (control), 2- Deficit irrigation equal to 75% crop water requirement (mild stress), 3- Deficit irrigation equal to 50% crop water requirement (severe stress) and six levels of foliar application were assigned to the sub plot: Control (sprayed with distilled water without ethanol), 70% ethanol, 0.5 mM SA, 0.5 mM MeJA, 1 mM SA and 1 mM MeJA. In this study plant height, stem diameter, panicle dry weight, root dry weight, dry matter, seed yield, harvest index, stomatal conductance, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll florescence and water use efficiency were measured. Determination of irrigation interval and crop water requirement was based on CROPWAT 8.0 software and Penman-Mantis equation. For plant coefficients used FAO default data. Irrigation planning was determined with 85% efficiency and water volume of each plot calculated using a digital water meter.

The results revealed that the irrigation 50% crop water requirement (severe stress), regime increased electrolyte leakage, water use efficiency and root dry weigh, whereas it did not significantly affected Fv/Fm, stomatal conductance and harvest index. The highest plant height with mean 144.02 cm was obtained from 100% crop water requirement and 1 mM SA and the lowest with a reduction 71.5% was obtained at 50% crop water requirement and no spraying conditions. Quinoa had 54.3% higher seed yield than control under drought stress conditions owing to unaffected Fv/Fm and stomatal conductance and less electrolyte leakage. Spraying 1 mM MeJA and SA increased chlorophyll fluorescence (22.4%), stomatal conductance (53.4%) and harvest index (38%). In severe drought stress (supply 50% crop water requirement), foliar application significantly increased the water use efficiency (from 0.2 to 1.1 kg m-3). In severe drought stress, increased quinoa seed yield was due to to increase in water use efficiency. According to the results drought stress decreased physiological and seed yield traits, 1 mM MeJA could increase the seed yield (292.93 g m-2) and then partially compensated for the reduction caused by drought stress. Also, seed yield with mean 281.96 g m-2 was in the second rank at 1 mM MeJA application and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) conditions. Fv/Fm ratio was not significantly affected in drought stress. The highest harvest index was observed in 1 mM MeJA and SA compared to the control. Therefore, for minimizing the effect of drought stress, we could recommend the use of 1 mM MeJA.

The least stress treatment for quinoa economic yield supply was 100% crop water requirement (control) and 1 mM MeJA application. Also the average seed yield (281.96 g m-2) was at the second rank, in 1 mM MeJA and 75% crop water requirement (mild stress) treatment. It seems that stress tolerance mechanisms study and MeJA foliar application is necessary, especially in areas with less water and we need to develop crops that possible to produce high quantity with require low water in farm.

The solar greenhouse uses solar energy as the main source of heat and reduces fossil fuel production in off-season crops. In this research, a comprehensive review has been presented about the energy saving and yield aspects of cucumber in solar greenhouse and tunnel greenhouse. In order to evaluate temperature and fuel consumed, were built tunnel and solar greenhouses in research institute of Zabol, Iran. Sampling included comparison of cucumber yield, greenhouse temperature and fuel consumption in two structures. The results showed that 10,247 and 4,017 liters of diesel were consumed in tunnel and solar greenhouse respectively from December to March, which is a 60.7% saving in fuel. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the solar greenhouse in December was more than 10°C and the temperature inside was constant in this time. The inside temperature of both structures was increasing rapidly from 8:00 am, but the tunnel greenhouse inside temperature fluctuations were more from 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm during winter. The yield of the solar greenhouse was 30 kg m-2, which was not different with the tunnel greenhouse. Therefore, according to the temperature changes curves and consumption fuel of two greenhouses, solar greenhouse was more efficient than the tunnel. It is suggested that by using only one heater and a cover, the temperature inside of solar greenhouse is approximately 10°C and 20°C warmer than the tunnel greenhouse and ambient respectively.

 Today, due to the costly and risky nature of projects and resource constraints in pharmaceutical companies, the correct decision-making of managers for selecting projects to form the final portfolio and implementation of projects is necessary. The huge investment of companies in the drug makes the industry more important. pharmaceutical companies with the development, introduction and construction of existing and new drugs try to maintain their competitiveness, which is an efficient management process of drugs. For this reason, the design and selection of an optimal portfolio of projects that are entered into the company and with a larger perspective is vital to designing the optimal structure of project portfolio management in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to design an optimal structure of project portfolio management in the pharmaceutical industry with a case study.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research embarks on identifying new criteria based on a literature review and interviews with experts. The proposed structure offers four kinds of criteria according to which the required standard measures for the evaluation of the project portfolio design are customized and extracted. Criteria include institutional theory, stakeholders’ theory, dependency of resources theory, and sense-making theory. After determining the evaluation criteria related to each perspective, the mentioned criteria have been validated. Then, by using the existing methods, such criteria have been quantified. Finally, the identified measures have been employed in the proposed structure. The weight of each criterion was determined using the FAHP method and by using the Fuzzy TOPSIS method (FTOPSIS), and the best type of structure for the selected pharmaceutical industry was selected according to portfolio components. 

 In this paper, a real case was studied in Iran’s pharmaceutical Industries, and the result of the configuration was illustrated. Quantitative values ​​of validated criteria were determined with the help of academic and industry experts and existing methods. After calculating the quantitative values ​​of the criteria for the evaluation of pharmaceutical project portfolio designs, such values were used in the FTOPSIS model. Finally, based on the findings, projects such as innovation and improvement of existing products indicated that research and development in pharmaceutical companies can provide the ground for progressive growth; in other words, the development of products that have proven their efficiency can be the shortest path for achieving the objectives. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies relying on these products, innovation in offering new products in the family of these products or improving them, can shape their projects in the best way possible. furthermore, firms with a far-reaching view of monopoly can take more effective steps in drug production using the intellectual capacity of other companies. The production of medicines is a common practice in pharmaceutical companies, confirmed the results.

Research limitations/implications: 

The main limitation of this study is the lack of accurate information in the early stages of product development in pharmaceutical industries. In this research, it was assumed that the information provided by the experts and designers of the relevant industry is correct and real. For future research, the method of calculating the priority of components considering the technical ability of the industries is suggested. It is also suggested to decide according to the categorization and identification of criteria with other approaches. Comparing the results of this study with other studies is another subject of future study.

Practical implications:

 Finding comprehensive criteria to evaluate project portfolio designs and proposing an effective structure for evaluation can lead to selecting the best portfolio for the pharmaceutical industries. The proposed structure can increase profit and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Originality/value: 

Based on the literature review, particularly the internal research, a method that evaluates project portfolio designs with comprehensive criteria including institutional theory, stakeholders’ theory, dependency of resources theory and sensemaking theory has not been found.

The multitude of projects and the complexity of making decisions about them, as well as planning and allocating the organization's limited resources to the selected projects, are the main challenges that many project-oriented organizations face. Considering all organizational aspects in obtaining projects is the most key point in the success of project-oriented organizations. For this reason, choosing a portfolio of projects in a way that can meet the goals and strategy of the organization, in addition to considering the organizational limitations, is very vital. For this reason, in this research, while emphasizing the implementation of the portfolio management process in organizations, a two-stage model is presented for evaluating and prioritizing projects to form an optimal portfolio. By examining the life cycle of projects, first, 12 influential indicators in the evaluation of projects are extracted with the help of previous research, and after the confirmation of 8 important indicators by experts, they are analyzed with the help of fuzzyDematel technique, and the weight of each indicator is determined. In the next step, the proposed projects are evaluated and prioritized using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique. Finally, taking into account the capabilities, assets and limitations of the organization, the optimal portfolio of projects is formed and approved by the decision makers. By implementing the above model in a construction company active in public and private projects, it was found that the analysis of relationships between indicators helps a lot to choose the optimal portfolio and prepares the ground for achieving the set goals.

One of the issues and problems facing the research cycle is the integration of design and production. Research institutes design products that are made without the cooperation of the construction engineering firm. The manufacturing institution does not have a common language in the production of the designed product and therefore no production takes place. Design without considering production and supply considerations seems beautiful only for the designer, but in some cases, the production organization is either not able to produce it or has problems in supplying some parts. This research deals with the issue of coordination of design, production and supply, which by examining the literature, its key indicators at the level of research projects and industrial development were extracted and finally ranked with decision models. For the first time, this research examines concurrent engineering in the defense industry and provides a model for the integration of design, production and supply. The indicators of this issue are divided into 4 criteria of product structure and architecture, management, quality and organizational cooperation. The criteria of product structure and architecture are the most important.

Developing a life cycle model of R&D projects is one of the key factors for the success of research organizations. Using a standardized model leads to the creation of a common language between the organization and external providers of products, services and processes. The purpose of this paper is to present a general life cycle model for research and development in research organizations that is approved by various executives, supervisors and auditors. The model presented in this study provides a basis for evaluating the activities of executors and facilitates the evaluation and audit of research and development activities. The model has 4 dimensions, 17 components, 3 key decision points and 156 indicators. Model dimensions include need assessment processes, sample design and construction, manufacturing engineering and production management, and operation and support. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was evaluated by 9 experts and 3 questions were omitted. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.982 was also used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. These results support all the research hypotheses and the rank of the components in each dimension is also determined. According to the results, the need assessment dimension is more important in the life cycle of research and development of research organizations. Using this research model enables research organizations to effectively implement the processes needed for research and development and assists managers and stakeholders in decision making and decision making.

Forage millet is a crop of tropical and subtropical regions which is considered due to abundant tillering, rebuilding ability, resistance to environmental stresses and diseases, high yield in poor soils and absence of prussic acid. Low amount of available water to plants results in drought stress and inappropriate morphological and physiological changes in the plant. Plants under environmental stress conditions accumulate low molecular weight organic solutions such as amino acids and sugars. Plant hormones affect plant growth in multifarious ways affecting a number of physiological and biochemical processes in plants subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is one such plant growth regulators, which participates in the regulation of a number of physiological events in plants. The use of salicylic acid in wheat increased the photosynthesis rate, protein and sugar content of shoots, roots and leaf chlorophyll under drought stress conditions. Tomato and amaranth treatment with salicylic acid in different stages of growth during drought stress prevents reducing the production of dry matter of the plant.

To evaluate the quantity and quality fodder traits of foxtail millet Bastan cultivar under the influence of drought stress levels and salicylic acid concentrations in Sistan climate, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University during 2017. Treatments included three irrigation levels as main plot (45, 65 and 85 percent humidity of field capacity) and sub plot including salicylic acid in four levels (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mM). Spray application was considered for salicylic acid. Dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fiber, insoluble fiber in acid detergent, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and ash were measured. Measurement of forage quality characteristics in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands was performed with NIRS device made in Sweden.

Results revealed that drought stress caused significant differences on dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, insoluble fiber in acid detergent and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent at 1% significance level and on ash at 5% significance level. Drought stress increases water soluble carbohydrate, insoluble fiber in acid detergent and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent and decreases dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, crude protein, crude fiber and ash. The effect of salicylic acid on dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fiber and insoluble fiber in acid detergent at 1% significance level and on dry forage yield and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent were significant at 5% level. The interaction effects of drought stress and salicylic acid on dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fiber, insoluble fiber in acid detergent and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent were significant at 1% probability level. Maximum dry forage yield (12.34 t.ha-1), dry matter digestibility (68.85%) and crude fiber (40.79%) were obtained from full irrigation and application of 3 mM salicylic acid treatments. The highest water soluble carbohydrates (13.81%) and crude protein (18.93%) were obtained from intense tension × 1.5 mM salicylic acid and control× 1.5 mM salicylic acid, respectively. The highest insoluble fiber in acid detergent (41.31%) and insoluble fiber in neutral detergent (81.51%) were observed under severe drought stress conditions without salicylic acid.

The results of this study represent the adverse impact of drought stress on the quantity and quality traits of foxtail millet Bastan. Application of salicylic acid has a positive role in modulating the effects of drought and improves quantity and quality forage. Therefore, can be expressed that irrigation of 85% moisture filed capacity and spraying 3 mM salicylic acid as growth regulator can produce quantity and quality desirable performance in Sistan climatic conditions.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of organizations that use the project management approach to advance their goals. In spite of improving the effectiveness, this approach has led to some problems. For this, during the years in which project management knowledge has been formed, various standards and institutions have been formed to improve effectiveness in project management. Due to challenges in the field of project management, especially monitoring and steering R & D projects, the study sought to design an optimum model to solve challenges and improve index of the success in R&D projects. Comprehensive review of literature reveals that one of the solutions for these challenges is establishment of an Organizational Unit called Project Management Office (PMO). For this purpose, the concept of the project management office, models, structures and functions has been studied and parameters for effective monitoring and steering research and development projects are identified. In order to design an optimum model for organizations with the nature of such activities, a questionnaire was prepared and after approval and completion by experts of a related organization as a case study and also analyzing the results, a project management office model for covering the above needs is presented

Isabgol belongs to the plantaginaceae family. It is known for its gentle laxative, cooling and diuretic properties. Some recent researches have shown that they may be effective in lowering cholesterol and controlling certain types of diabetes. Water is the limiting factor for biomass production in many countries around the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. On the other hand, drought has been a serious problem in Iran in recent years. Drought stress reduces the biomass of many crops and medicinal plants as well as decrease of the concentration of nutrients in plants. Several scientists have shown that a plant under stress will produce secondary metabolites that may influence its medicinal properties. Water is one of the most important environmental factors that have a significant influence on the growth and active ingredient of medicinal plants. Water shortages cause serious damage in plant growth and development. During drought and salinity absorption will decrease due to the high concentration of salts in the root zone and increasing the osmotic potential of the soil nutrients. Therefore, a decrease in the soil moisture reduces rate and amount of nutrient absorption by plants. Organic fertilizers under drought stress mitigate impact of drought stress by increasing proline, soluble sugars and absorption of potassium and phosphorus and increase crop yield (Rahimzade, 2009). Bio-fertilizers are inputs containing microorganism which are capable of mobilizing nutritive elements from complex and non-usable form to simple and usable form through biological processes. Also, bio-fertilizers can be substituted and an ideal candidate for commercial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. The present investigation aims to study the use of deficit irrigation and different bio-fertilizer treatments in an appropriate manner, to achieve the highest quantitative and qualitative yield of isabgol.

A field experiment was conducted based on split-plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Darmian city, South Khorasan in 2014-2015 growth season. The main-plots were levels of drought stress including 40, 60, 80 of field capacity (FC) and sub-plots were different bio-fertilizers including nitroxin, phosphate barvar 2, combination (nitroxin + phosphate barvar 2) and control (spray with water). In this experiment traits measured including plant height, number of tiller per plant, number of spike per plant, number of seed per spike, thousand–seed weight, seed yield, turgid index, mucilage percentage and mucilage yield.

The results indicated that the number of tiller and spike per plant and thousand-seed weight were significant (p≤0.01) under drought stress and bio-fertilizer. The highest number of seeds per spike was obtained from 80% field capacity with nitroxin application and the lowest was obtained from 40% FC and non-application fertilizer. By increasing drought stress, the number of seeds per spike decreased. Interaction of drought stress and bio-fertilizer had significant effect on plant height, number of seed per spike, seed yield, swelling index and mucilage percentage. The highest 1000-seed weight was obtained from 80% FC, which did not have significant difference with 60% FC. The highest numbers of seed per spike and seed yield were obtained from 80% FC along with nitroxin application and the lowest of them were obtained from 40% FC and no fertilizer (control), which increased by 47.4 and 54.3 percent, respectively. The maximum mucilage percentage was achieved from 80% FC along with phosphate barvar 2 application, although not significant across other fertilizer treatments.

In general, for achievement of maximum isabgol yield, inoculate seed with bio-fertilizer and providing plants water requirements would be appropriate.

Nowadays, different solvents are used to extract plant antioxidants. Each solvent has a special ability to extract antioxidants materials. Accordingly, in this research, some medicinal herbs were collected from different vegetation zones of Iran and evaluated based on the majority of useful solvents. The best solvent for the extraction of antioxidants can be identified and used to determine the best herbal medicine.
 

In order to investigate the type of solvent extraction on the amount of antioxidant material of some indigenous medicinal plants of different regions of Iran such as Mentha asiatica, Ziziphora persica, Otostegia persica, Crocus sativus, Achillea millefolium, Mentha longifolia, Hyssopus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Fumaria officinalis and Teucrium polium, were done the experiment in The factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. DPPH was used to measure antioxidant activity.
 

Results showed that the extract (hydro, hydroalcoholic, acetone and methanolic) and the interaction of extract and plant on antioxidant properties had a different effect on phenol and flavonoid content (P<0.05). The highest flavonoids in the aqueous extract (87.6 mg/gDW), hydroalcoholic (147.48 mg/gDW), methanolic (277.48 mg/gDW) and acetone (171.98 mg/gDW) and also, the highest amount of phenol in aqueous extracts (15.33 mg / gDW), hydroalcoholic (20.18 mg/gDW), methanolic (51.47 mg/gDW) and acetone (31.59 mg/gDW) were found the Achillea millefolium from Ilam. The highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH test in aqueous extract (8.29% at a concentration of 16 μg/ml) belonged to the Achillea millefolium from Ilam, In hydroalcoholic extract (34.49% at a concentration of 64 μg/ml) was belonged to Mentha asiatica in Kashmar and then Achillea millefolium in Ilam, In the extract of Estonia (62.009% at a concentration of 64 μg/ml) was belonged to Mentha asiatica of Kashmar and then Teucrium polium of Kashmar and Achillea millefolium of Ilam, Finally, in the methanolic extract (95.633% at a concentration of 16 μg/ml), was belonged to the Achillea millefolium of Ilam.
 

In general, the results of this study showed that the most important solvent for the extraction of phenolic substances and the evaluation of oxidative properties was a methanol solution and the most effective plant with more substances and antioxidant activities were Achillea millefolium from Ilam region.

Fennel or green badian is one the oldest medicinal plants of Iran, with its different parts are used in drugs, cosmetic and traditional medicine industries. Elicitors' application increases the yield and secondary metabolites production in medicinal plants. Considering the increasing demand and the economic importance of plant metabolites types, the use of biotic elicitors in sustainable agricultural systems is necessary in order to quality improve and the maximum yield and essential oil yield of native medicinal plants of Iran. This research was concluted at the agricultural research istitute of Zabol University in a completely randomized design with three replications and 16 treatments in 2016. In this study, foliar spray of salicylic acid and chitosan were in three stages of vegetative, flowering and reproductive with different combination by sprays. Characteristics of height plant, number of umbrella per plant, number of umbellate per plant, thousand –seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were evaluated. According to the results, increasing chitosan and salicylic acid concentrations increased the number of umbellate and umbrella per plant. The results showed that the highest number of umbrella per plant was obtained from chitosan= 200 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 1.5 mM (A15) and the lowest value from chitosan= 0 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 0 mM (A0) treatment. The chitosan and salicylic acid foliar application had a significant effect on thousand –seed weight, so that the treatment chitosan= 150 mg.l-1, salicylic acid= 1.5 mM (A14), increased the thousand –seed weight by 41.1% compared to the control. The highest seed yield was obtained from A15 treatment with the mean of 1551 kg.ha-1 and lowest in control treatment with the mean of 11.22 kg.ha-1, which showed a decrease of 27.7% (480.4 kg) compared to the control. Also, with increasing levels of chitosan and salicylic acid, biological yield and harvest index increased significantly compared to control. The highest percentage (2.86%) and essential oil yield (14.2 kg ha-1) were observed in A14 treatment. Without elicitors application significantly decreased amount of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids. The 200 mg.l-1 chitosan and 1.5mM salicylic acid application the phenol, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzym activity increased to 76.3, 71.4 and 55.7% respectively, in comparison with the control. The results showed that the chitosan and salicylic acid spraying by enhancing photosynthesis pigments and soluble osmolites, also protection against the damage of electrolyte leakage, improved the ability plant and increased seed yield of fennel. With regard to this fact that the drought is characteristic feature of the Sistan region, it seems that the integrated application of biotic elicitors at 1.5 mM salicylic acid and 200 mg.l-1 of chitosan increased yield, yield components and secondary metabolites of fennel. Therefore, salisilic acid and chitosan are recommended spraying application for planting and development of fennel and alternative for chemicla fertilizers.

  The use of medicinal plants for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils is an economical, cheap and effective strategy. The widespread transfer of natural materials and pollutants to different parts of the environment (soil, water and atmosphere) has imposed great pressure on the self-purification ability of the soil. Accumulation of pollutants is a concern regarding both humans and ecosystems. Among pollutants, heavy metals are particularly important because they are not decomposable and also have harmful physiological effects on organisms even at low concentrations. Soil pollution with heavy metals in human societies is one of the major environmental problems and the transfer of these elements via crop production to men affecting human population health. One of the modern and low cost methods for remediation of contaminated soils, is the use of plants. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology which utilizes plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere to delete, modify or limit the toxic chemicals in soil, sediment, groundwater, surface water and even used the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability Thymus daenensis Celak. symbiotic with mycorrhizal fungi in polluted soils of Lead and Cadmium was by herb with. This study was conducted as a factorial exam in the greenhouse conditions. The first factor was four levels of heavy metals: lead (100 mg kg), cadmium (15 mg. Kg soil), concurrent use of lead and cadmium + control (zero) and the second factor was fungal treatments (at five levels: G. intraradices, G. Mosseae, G. fasciculatum, the simultaneous use of all three species and control-non inoculated -) in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of mycorrhizal fungi on Pb and Cd concentration in shoots and roots of thyme. The highest cadmium concentration in polluted soil was observed in Shoot(62/1 mg.Kg DW) inoculated with G.mosseae and root (56/1 mg kg dry weight) ) inoculated with G. fassiculatum respectively. The results showed a high ability of Thymus daenensis Celak. to absorb heavy metals from contaminated soils. Other findings of this study was more accumulation of lead in root than shoot. Based on the results, this plant is able to absorb significant amounts of lead and cadmium of bed and accumulate in roots or transfer to shoots. Mycorrhizal fungi especially G.mosseae and G. fassiculatum can improve the Cd and Pb phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Keywords: Mycorrhizal fungi, Cadmium, Lead, medicinal plants , Phytoremediation

Rapeseed oil is the third source of vegetable oil in the world. It is considered as safe oil nutrition, due to its lowest and moderate content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. According to the latest statistical reports, its farming area are extending every year (has extended from 60 to 200 thousand hectares, in last year). Using of fertilizers in appropriate time and amount plays key role in production of high quality and quantity agricultural products. Therefore, in this research yield components and seed quality parameters have studied for revealing the best time of boric acid and zinc sulfate fertilization.
All of analysis steps were conducted in the Agricultural Research Institute, University of Zabol, Iran (UOZ). The boric acid and zinc sulfate spray effects on vegetative and reproductive stages of rapeseed were studied in a complete randomized block in factorial arrangement with three replications. Treatments were included foliar spraying in four levels: control (no spraying), boric acid (2 g l-1), zinc sulfate (2 g l-1) and both boric acid zinc sulfate (2 g l-1), and also time of foliar spraying were at 90 days after planting (vegetative stage), 120 days after planting (reproductive stage) and both vegetative reproductive stages. They were evaluated characteristics such as plant height, thousand–seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, SPAD number, protein percentage, oil yield and percentage, seed and straw nitrogen percentage, boron uptake content in seed and straw, and finally zinc uptake content in seed and straw. Nitrogen, protein, Boron and zinc amounts were determined by keldal method, multiplying the percentage of nitrogen in 6.25, Azomtin-H method using spectrophotometer at 420 nm, and atomic absorption, respectively. Also, SPAD number value and oil content were measured by chlorophyll meter SPAD 502 Plus model and Soxhlet extractor, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software and the means comparison was done using Duncan test at the 5% probability level.
Time of foliar spraying of vegetative reproductive showed significant different with other treatments for the most of study characteristics. The time of foliar spraying effect was significant on all of characteristics except thousand seed weight and SPAD number. Also type of foliar spraying showed significant effect on all of characteristics except SPAD number. It was observed Maximum seed yield (2610 kg ha-1), oil yield (1569.6 kg ha-1) and seed protein percentage (42.2%), respectively, in boric acid zinc sulfate and vegetative reproductive stage that increased 66.8%, 76.7% and 52.8% in compared to control. The maximum magnitude of seed and straw nitrogen uptake content with rate 6.7% and 2.9% were obtained from boric acid zinc sulfate in vegetative reproductive stage. Spraying of boron and zinc increased concentration of these nutrients with rate 36.3% and 39.2% in compared with control respectively.
The results of this study indicated, foliar spraying of both boric acid zinc sulfate (2 g l-1) in 90 days after planting (vegetative stage) and 120 days after planting (reproductive stage) stages in order to produce Rapeseed in this region and similar climate conditions are recommended.

Chicory is belongs to the Asteraceae family the leaves colors are blue or pink and valuable medicinal specie that is rich of felavonoeds and inulin and root is only source of inulin production. Drought stress is as an important limitation for yield in the world. Thus, the present study with the aim of evaluating the agronomical traits and root inulin percentage of chicory under different bio-fertilizer treatments and drought stress was carried out.
The study pereset a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Institute (Chah nimeh), University of Zabol, Iran in 2014-2015. The main plots were there irrigation levels (irrigation after 50 (control), 70 and 90% of field capacity) and sub plots were four fertilizer rates (without fertilizer (control), inoculation of nitroxin, effective microorganism fertilizer (EM) and foliar application of nano potassium chelate). Such traits as plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root and shoot fresh weight, leaf N percentage and inulin percentage, were evaluated. To apply drought stress has been used from TDR set. After data collection statistical analysis was performed using SAS program and Means were separated according to the least significant difference (DMRT) at 0.05 level of probability.
The results showed that the interaction of drought stress and bio-fertilizers had a significant effect on all traits except plant height. The results showed with increasing in stress rate, plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root fresh and dry weight, inulin percentage and leaf N percentage, decreased. The bio-fertilizers application improved all traits. The maximum plant height, number of branch per plant, number of flower per plant, flower yield, root fresh and dry weight and inulin percentage were obtained from irrigation after 90% field capacity along with EM application. With increasing in drought rates from control to 50% FC, leaf nitrogen percentage decreased so that the highest leaf nitrogen was obtained from irrigation after 90% FC along with nitroxin application and the lowest was belonged to severe drought stress without fertilizer.
In this experiment, optimum treatment for highest of fresh and dry weight and inulin perceantage was microorganism fertilizer (EM) application in 90% FC condition. In general, the results revealed that to achieve high yield of chicory, irrigation after 90% FC along with EM could be used.

Withania coagolense (Stocks) Dun. is a perennial shrub, belonging to the Solanaceae family. The study species is rich in a group of valuable compounds as steroidal lactones called withanolides. Nowadays, significant pharmacological properties of withanolides have been reported. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and substratewere studied on withania in the greenhouse of Agricultural Institute at the University of Zabol. The study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The main plot was substrate (cocopit perlit, garden soil manure, sand) and the subplot consisted of mycorrhizal fungi (control, Glomusintraradice, G. mosseae,simultaneous use of both fungi). Phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed by HPLC. Statistical analysis was done using Excel and SPSS software. The results indicated that the garden soil manure and simultaneous use of both fungi had the best effect on increased shoot length and fresh and dry weight. According to the results, the garden soil manure resulted in increased production of secondary metabolites. The simultaneous use of both fungi resulted in higher production of secondary metabolites (except withastramonolid and coagolin). Our results clearly showed that the simultaneous use of both fungi in garden soil manure resulted in increased morphological traits and withastramonolid in the study specie.

IntroductionIntercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop. The main aims of intercropping are reduces the insect populations and plant diseases, reduces hillside erosion and minimizes labor cost on the control of weeds. Guar belongs to the legume family and drought resistant plant which is cultivated as a forage and seed crop and vegetable in warm and dry regions of Asia and Africa. This plant is a precious plant in intercropping system, because it had a development root system as a source of fertilizer and located in symbiosis with nitrogen- fixing bacteria. In fact, use guar is necessary for second crop.
Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the physiological aspects of guar and sunflower intercropping under different levels of nitrogen a split plot experiment was conducted as based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm research of Agricultural Research Institute of University of Zabol (Chah nimeh), Iran in 2012-13 growing season -. Main factor was included 0, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen (N) (urea source) and sub factor was different planting ratio including: sole crop of sunflower, sole crop of guar, guar 75% sunflower 25%, sunflower 50% guar 50% and guar 25% sunflower 75%. Traits such as plant height, head diameter, 1000- seed weight, chlorophyll index, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, guar LER, sunflower LER, total LER, soil nitrogen percentage and weeds dry weight were evaluated. Determination of soil nitrogen percentage carried out by using of Kjeldahl apparatus and measured leaf chlorophyll content by SPAD 502 Plus chlorophyll meter.
Results and DiscussionThe statistical analysis showed that different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, planting ratios and interactions between them had significant effect on biological yield of sunflower and guar. The highest seed yield (1633.33 kgha-1) in sowing pattern of sunflower were achieved from 75% guar 25% with consumption of 100 kgN ha-1 and in guar (4356.7 kg ha-1) from 75% guar 25% sunflower and application of 150 kgN ha-1 of . Different levels of fertilizer and planting ratios had significant effect on chlorophyll index in sunflower and guar. The highest chlorophyll index of sunflower were achieved from 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen application and %75 guar %25sunflower treatment with mean of 100 values and in guar plant this trait was 29.6 values from non application fertilizers (control) and sole crop treatment. The maximum and minimum the soil nitrogen ratio were obtained on sole crop of guar and sole crop of sunflower with mean 0.2% and 0.17%, respectively. The highest land equivalent ratio (2.73) was obtained from 75% guar 25% sunflower and the lowest of value was obtained from 25% guar 75% sunflower treatment with mean of 2.5. On account of weed control, the highest weed dry weight were obtained from sole crop of sunflower and sole crop of guar with mean 192.2 and 156.6 g m-2, respectively and the lowest of weed dry weight showed that from 75% guar 25% sunflower with mean 153.3 g m-2. Based on the results of mean comparison, the highest of LER (2.73) was obtained from 75% guar 25% sunflower treatment.
ConclusionThe highest seed yield of sunflower and guar were obtained from mixed 25% guar 75% sunflower and 75% guar 25% sunflower treatment respectively. Also weed dry weight was highest in sole crop of sunflower, but sole crop of guar and all ratios of intercropping reduced weed dry weight. The maximum of soil nitrogen was obtained from sole crop of guar and minimum value from sole crop of sunflower.

The chicory is an economically important member of the Asteraceae family. Chicory has also been used for medicinal applications, useful to liver and gallbladder, which some of its health benefits is scientifically proved. In recent years, drought has been a serious problem in Iran. Several scientists have shown that a plant under stress will produce secondary metabolites that may influence its medicinal properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress and bio-fertilizer application on physiological characteristics and absorption of some nutrients by chicory. Water is one of the most important environmental factors that has a significant influence on the growth and active ingredients of medicinal plants. Water shortage causes serious damage to plant growth and development. In the time of drought and salinity due to the high concentration of salts in the root zone and increase in the osmotic potential of the soil, nutrients absorption will decrease. Therefore, the decrease in soil moisture changes the rate and amount of nutrient absorption by the plant. Organic fertilizers under drought stress by increasing the proline, soluble sugars and absorption of potassium and phosphorus can mitigate drought stress impacts and increase the crop yield. The sharp decline in root growth under the drought stress condition is the main factor reducing the elements absorption capability of the plants. The combined application of Effective Microorganism (EM) and organic fertilizers is a suitable method to supply and release essential nutrients. Results of a study showed that EM inoculation with soil has not only improved the quality and quantity of crop but also enhanced the quality of soil. Application of Nano fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers resulted in slow and controlled release of nutrient in the soil. In addition, nano fertilizers increase the nutrients uptake efficiency and minimize the negative impacts of consuming too much fertilizer and reduce the frequency of fertilizer application. Drought stress decreases the potassium level in soil and consequently in the plant. The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of Bio and nano fertilizers application on physiological traits and absorption of some nutrients in chicory plant under limited irrigation.
Materials and Methods : To study the effects of Bio-fertilizers on physiological traits and absorption of some nutrient of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in response to drought stress, this experiment was conducted in 2014-2015 growing season in a split-plot design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Institute (Chah-Nimeh), University of Zabol, Iran. The main plots were drought stresses regulated with irrigation after 90 (control), 70 and 50 percent of field capacity. Sub plots were different levels of Bio-fertilizer application inclusive of a sub-plot without fertilizer (control), inoculation of nitroxin (1 lit ha-1), effective EM (10 lit ha-1), and foliar application of Nano potassium chelate fertilizer (27%) (10 kg ha-1). The traits such as relative water content, protein percentage, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, flower yield, proline, flavonoid, carbohydrate, carotenoid, phosphor and potassium were evaluated.
Results showed that the interaction of Bio-fertilizer application and drought stress had a significant impact on all the traits except for the chlorophyll b. Increasing the stress rate, decreased the relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, carotenoid, protein percent, flower yield and phosphorus and potassium uptake. However, increase in the stress rate, increased the proline content, carbohydrate, and flavonoid increased. Bio-fertilizers application improved all the traits. The maximum relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, and flower yield were obtained from the treatment irrigated after 90 percent field capacity (FC) with EM application. The highest level of protein was obtained from the treatment irrigated after 90 percent of FC depletion and nitroxin fertilizer application. Maximum protein and carotenoid level were observed in irrigation treatment regulated with 50 percent FC and Nano potassium chelate fertilizer application. Maximum phosphorus and potassium uptake achieved from the treatment irrigated after 90 percent FC and Nano potassium chelate application. It is concluded that the increase in drought stress significantly decreases the photosynthetic pigments and absorption of nutrients.
Conclusions : According to the results, the use of Nano potassium chelate fertilizer, microorganism bio-fertilizer (EM) and nitroxin had a positive impact on efficiency of chicory production.

In order to explore the effect of chemical and Nano bio-fertilizer on quality and quantity of sesame genotypes, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University in 2014-2015 growing season. Treatments included three sesame genotypes (Ardakan, Isfahan and Sistan landrace) as main plot and fertilizer type included 100% of recommended chemical fertilizer, 75% of recommended chemical fertilizer + 1.5 kg.ha-1 of nano bio-fertilizer, 50% of recommended chemical fertilizer + 1.5 kg.ha-1 of nano bio-fertilizer, 25% of recommended chemical fertilizer+ 1.5 kg.ha-1 of nano bio-fertilizer and 1.5 kg.ha-1 of nano bio-fertilizer as subplots. The results showed that using 100% of recommended chemical fertilizer caused significant increase in plant height, number of capsule per square meter, thousand seed weight, seed yield, and biomass. The highest of capsule number per square meter (2256 number) was obtained from Sistan landrace with the application of 100% of recommended chemical fertilizer. The number of capsule per square meter, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, seed yield, biomass, harvest index, chlorophyll index and protein percentage showed significant increase in Sistan landrace in comparison with the other genotypes. The results showed that the highest seed yield was obtained (1428.07 kg.h-1) from Sistan landrace and the highest oil percentage (41.7%) was obtained from Isfahan genotype. According to the results, it could be said that the 100 kg.ha-1 of potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate and urea application can be beneficial in increasing yield and improving growth characteristics of sesame.

Roselle belongs to the malvaceae family, is an annual or biennial plant cultivated for its stem, fiber, edible calyces, leaves and seeds. The crop is used in a variety of ways for home consumption, medicinal and industrial uses. Also used for its antibacterial, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic, antispasmodic and antihypertensive actions. Increasing demand for water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid in the world, has led farmers use the poor quality water, such as drainage water and saline groundwater. The present investigation aims to study the in an appropriate manner, the use of saline drainage water and complete fertilizer to achieve the highest calyx yield.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and yield components of roselle in 2014 at the Agricultural research Institute of Zabol University in a complete randomized block in split-plot design with three replications. Treatments included three levels of irrigation namely, irrigation with fresh water at all stages of grows (control), irrigation with drainage water and fresh water alternately and irrigation with drainage water for all growing stages, as main plot and spraying with three levels of complete fertilizer (NATBA-LIB): non-spraying (control), spraying with 600 gr and spraying with 1200 gr of complete fertilizer per hectare, as subplots. Characteristics plant height, stem diameter, number of fruiting branches, thousand– seed weight, capsules weight, plant fresh and dry weight, number of fruit in plant, calyx yield and flower protein percentage were evaluated.
The results showed that the irrigation treatment was significant effect at 1% probability level in all variables except plant height, stem diameter, thousand–seed weight. Also the highest plant height, stem diameter, number of fruiting branches, thousand seed weight, capsules weight, plant fresh and dry weight, number of fruit in plant, calyx yield were obtained from 1200 gr.ha-1 of complete fertilizer spraying. There were significant affect by interaction irrigation and spraying in other variables except plant height, stem diameter and thousand seed weight. The highest (227.6 kg.ha-1) and the lowest (69 kg.ha-1) calyx yield was produced under the traits irrigation with fresh water at all stages of grows (control) and irrigation with drainage water for all growing stages respectively. The highest of fruit number in plant (59) was obtained from 1200 gr.ha-1 of complete fertilizer application, although not significant differences between control and 600 gr.ha-1 treatments. In drainage and fresh water alternately treatment the weight of the capsule showed 20% increase compared with drainage water application. The highest flower protein percentage (22.5%) was obtained from 600 gr.ha-1 of complete fertilizer application and irrigation with drainage and fresh water alternately treatments.
The results showed that the highest of calyx yield on this plant was related from irrigation with fresh water treatment. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired quantitative and qualitative characteristics in roselle, using the treated irrigation with fresh water at all stages of grows and complete fertilizer has recommended. The best method was used irrigation with drainage water and fresh water alternately method dual with complete fertilizers If hadnt enough fresh water for all stage grows or may not be any more economically feasible and recommendable due to the increasing cost and limitation of renewable water resources.