محمد محبوبی

Studies have shown that comprehensive urban and rural health centers can provide 80% of the health needs of the elderly population. However, elderly individuals often do not utilize these services. The present study aimed to investigate the reasons why elderly individuals do not access services provided by comprehensive rural and urban health centers in the southwest of Khuzestan province, from the perspective of health center staff.

This descriptive-analytical study utilized a multi-stage random sampling method to select 338 employees of comprehensive health centers in southwestern Khuzestan. A survey questionnaire was developed and administered to collect information, including demographic data and 39 questions regarding reasons for non-attendance at health centers. The validity and reliability of the survey questionnaire were assessed prior to data collection.

The majority of participants in this study were female (77.81%), married (74.26%), and had a bachelor's degree (32.25%). From the healthcare providers' perspective, preference for the private sector and personal factors related to the elderly or their families were identified as the main reasons for non-attendance at health centers. However, factors related to the physical condition of the centers, the quality of services provided, and the level of trust between elderly patients and healthcare providers were not found to have a significant impact on utilization of health center services.

The elderly population's willingness to utilize first-level services in the health and treatment networks was not viewed favorably by healthcare providers. Integrating some level two and level three services into the first level of service could potentially incentivize the elderly to make greater use of these services. In addition, healthcare providers suggested that traditional medicine services should be considered and incorporated at the first level of service, given the interest in traditional medicine among the elderly population.

A healthy organization makes greater efforts in dealing with problems to solve them. In these organizations, human resources are also committed and conscientious, and this commitment leads to their loyalty and retention in the organization. Additionally, it can have an impact on the performance of employees. Hospitals are among the important organizations in society, and the performance of their employees can be effective in improving service delivery. The emergency department is one of the important units in the hospital, and the purpose of this study is to investigate the organizational health, commitment, and performance of emergency personnel.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 emergency room staff members of Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals using a convenience sampling method in 2024. The data collection tools were three questionnaires: organizational health, organizational commitment, and emergency performance. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), as well as independent t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

In this study, the majority of the participants were female (54%), had postgraduate education and above (52%), and were married (60%). The average scores for organizational health, organizational commitment, and emergency performance were 2.76 ± 0.33, 63.84 ± 13.84, and 240.44 ± 28.96, respectively. Organizational health and organizational commitment had a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001), but emergency performance was not significantly related to organizational health or organizational commitment (p > 0.05).

Creating a healthy organizational environment can lead to improved employee commitment. When an organization meets the needs of its employees effectively, they become more committed, leading to the promotion and progress of the organization. Therefore, improving the organizational environment is very important.

Reluctance to have children is one of the major challenges facing the world and Iran. Objestives: Due to the lack of sufficient information regarding the motivation and preferences of young couples regarding fertility, this study was conducted to determine the desire of women on the verge of marriage to have children.

252 women on the eve of marriage in Khorramshahr, Abadan & Shadegan cities were selected by convenience sampling method. Information about the attitude toward childbearing was collected using the Attitude Towards Childbearing Questionnaire (AFCS).

The women in the study were on average 25.75 ± 7.97 years old. Most of them lived in the city and half of them were housewives. The score of attitudes toward having children in women aged 40 years and above, women looking for work, and women with Persian and Arab ethnicities were higher than other groups (P < 0.001). Also, women who considered government support "very effective" had a higher attitude score (P < 0.001). On the other hand, women with "no income" and women with "postgraduate and doctorate" education had a lower attitude score (P≥ 0.001).

The attitude towards childbearing is positive in most women, but the impact of various personal and social conditions of childbearing is worth considering and requires careful policy-making in this field. It is recommended to strengthen and change childbearing policies in the government according to the provincial conditions (geographical, political, cultural, economic, and welfare conditions).

Uncertainty in the choice of medical speciality is one of the challenges of medical students' decision-making throughout the country, so this study investigated the uncertainty in the preference of clinical speciality among medical students of medical universities in Iran in 2023.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 188 medical students aged 5th and above by available sampling method in 2023. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire of clinical hesitancy with 38 questions in 4 dimensions (general doubt, decision postponement, decision-making barriers and indecisiveness). A tree map diagram was used to describe the samples and to compare the uncertainty in selecting clinical expertise and its components in the demographic subgroups of students, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used using SPSS version 27.

Of the 188 participating students, 63.5% (115) were female and the rest were male. The most frequent age of participants (112 people) was 25-29 years old. 47.5% (86 students) had a history of education of 8 years or more. 33.1 (60 students) were willing to start specialisation immediately after completion of the project. Radiology, dermatology, cardiology and ENT specialities were the most popular and forensic medicine, paediatrics, general surgery and emergency medicine majors were the least interested in selecting the speciality.

The popularity of some specialized medical disciplines in the country is a wake-up call for the empty seats of most of the required specialities in the country, which has been sounded. The popularity of some specialized fields for specific reasons will result in the concentration of specialities in some well-to-do cities and deprive cities of some vital specialities. Careful strategic planning is emphasised by health policymakers.

The foundation of medical care is rooted in respect for human dignity. Preserving the dignity of elderly patients is one of the most fundamental aspects of their care. This study aimed to investigate the social dignity of elderly patients hospitalized in hospitals affiliated with Abadan University of Medical Sciences in 2022.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 167 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Abadan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. A 77-question questionnaire was used for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and univariate analyses, including two-sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were performed. Multivariate analyses using multiple linear regression were also conducted. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 24 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The study examined the social dignity of the elderly in terms of age, gender, occupation, education, income, place of residence, ethnicity, type of hospitalization, and hospitalization department. The results showed that only the income level had a statistically significant average difference. In other cases, the observed differences were not statistically significant.

The results of this study indicated that the social dignity of patients admitted to public hospitals affiliated with Abadan University of Medical Sciences was average. Policymakers in the health system need to pay serious attention to the components of the social dignity of hospitalized elderly patients. Although the economic aspect did not significantly impact the dignity of these patients, neglecting this issue could lead to future problems. Therefore, the researchers emphasize the importance of strengthening community support, employee support, and reducing social and economic burdens to enhance the social dignity of elderly patients in government hospitals.

COVID-19 is a new disease and there is limited information about the risk factors. This study aimed to determine epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Abadan.Subjects and

In this case-control study, the patients who died from COVID-19 were selected as the cases and those hospitalized in Taleghani Hospital with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 who were finally discharged from the hospital with a favorable general condition, were considered as control group. Data were extracted from patient records. Logistic regression and Generalized Estimating Equation(GEE) analyses were used to determine the risk factors for death from COVID-19. The analysis was performed using SPSS software version 27 at the significance level of 0.05.

Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 221 discharged individuals and 221 deaths were assessed. 47.5% of control and 40.89% of cases were female. Cases had higher mean age, higher rate of underlying disease, and low oxygen saturation compared to controls, but the incidence of diarrhea was higher in the control group than the case group.

Although the diarrhea are associated with reduced mortality in the studied patients, it is necessary to consider other unexamined hidden factors for correct judgment.

Human milk has properties that can be absorbed in terms of quality and quantity, providing the energy and growth of the child. The theory of planned behavior is one of the patterns of behavior change aimed at determining the main behavior. In this model, the intention itself is affected by three independent constructs: attitude, abstract norm, and control. The present study aimed to assess the factors affecting the tendency towards exclusive breastfeeding based on the theory of planned behavior in mothers referring to comprehensive health centers in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2022-2023.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 nursing mothers in Khorramshahr and Abadan in 2022 using multi-stage sampling. In this study, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to check the reliability of the tool. Data were analyzed in AMOS software (version 24).

This study was conducted on 162 lactating mothers living in Abadan and Khorramshahr. In the descriptive statistics analysis, the highest and lowest mean scores were related to attitude level (34.96) and behavioral intention (11.24). Moreover, the correlation between demographic factors and breastfeeding revealed that some variables, such as parents' education, exerted a marked effect on exclusive breastfeeding.

The results of the study pointed out that more than half of the children under six months were exclusively breastfed, and the initiation of breastfeeding in the first two hours of birth is one of the most important factors affecting breastfeeding. Health policymakers need to devote close attention to strengthening the child's breastfeeding attitude as soon as possible.

The Tudeh Party is one of the most powerful and persistent political parties in the contemporary history of Iran, which was founded after September 1941 when the political space of Iran was opened, and continued its activities for several decades. However, the Tudeh Party experienced many ups and downs in its political life. According to a classification by Ehsan Tabari; member of the Central Committee of the Tudeh Party, this party went through its golden age between 1941 and 1947, and from 1947 to 1953 it entered a period of decline and failure. In this study, the relationship between the institutionalization and the performance of the Tudeh Party in these two sections is examined. To this end, the Huntington's institutionalization indexes of political organization were applied on the Tudeh Party. The results of this study shows that Huntington's institutionalization indexes are directly related to the performance of the Tudeh Party, and the party faces multiple failures when its institutionalization indexes decreases.

According to studies, aggression has many physical, psychological and social effects that cause feelings of helplessness, loneliness, social incompatibility, disregard for the rights of others, depression, anxiety and academic failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prejudice and aggression and loneliness in students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, 134 students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences were studied by available sampling method in 2020.Data collection tools were UCLA Bias, Aggression Inventory and Loneliness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive and analytical tests. Feeling lonely had a positive and significant correlation with stubbornness, aggression, anger and rage, aggression (p-value <0.05), Feelings of loneliness, aggression, anger, rage, and aggression were all inversely related to prejudice, and this relationship was not statistically significant. Stubbornness was inversely and significantly associated with bias (p-value = 0.002). In this study, the amount of prejudice, aggression and loneliness in students showed that they are free from these things. Since students are exposed to different cultures, prejudices and ethnicities in the university environment and this issue can lead to their incompatibility and aggression in some cases, so it is necessary for cultural administrators to intervene in this regard. Apply.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and the meaning of life in the employees of Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional-correlation study, 313 employees of the University of Medical Sciences were included in the study using the available sampling method. The questionnaire on religious attitudes and the meaning of life was used with Iranian validity and reliability. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Analyzes were performed using SPSS version 27 software at a significance level of 0.05.

About half (48.88%) of the participants were male employees. The highest score of the religious attitude component was related to the experiential component (religious emotions) (p<0.001). The components of religious attitude and meaning of life were different in different subgroups of employees. A positive and weak correlation was observed between the "existence of meaning" component and religious attitude components.

The results of the study showed that there is a weak relationship between the meaning of life and religious attitudes in employees. It is obvious to strengthen the ritual and belief dimension in the employees and to provide its infrastructure in the offices of the organizations. Although religious attitude is one of the determinants of the meaning of life, other factors affect the meaning of people's lives

The founding of the United Arab Emirates in the early 1970’s was the product of a political will to unite a set of tribal communities in which their dominant identity was a combination of tribal and Islamic identity. The conversion of the emerging country from a disintegrated collection into a cohesive political unit required the creation of elements that constructs national identity and its internalization and generalization as an identity beyond tribal belongings and below national belongings that binds citizens together and gives them a sense of nationhood. Given to the chronological precedence of the state establishment over the nation, and to the centrality of political institutions and elites, the nation building experience in the UAE is an obvious sample of a nation building pattern that can be called "state-sponsored nation building". State-sponsored nation building as a form of nation building in modern age is a process "from above" during which the state and its institutions try to shape elements and components of national identity and to develop it among their citizens, through the design and implementation of targeted projects; and thus create a new basis for social belonging. The present article attempts to examine the dimensions, elements, and technics of such a process in the United Arab Emirates at the Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan era. Based on the "modernist" theorists’ studies about nationalism, this article categorizes and studies the technics of nation building under four axes: a. tradition-constructing; b. history-constructing; c. symbol-constructing; d. alter-constructing.

The Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. Elearning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software.

76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management.

A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management.

High blood pressure is one of the common main preventable risk factors for many diseases. This study aimed to psychometric properties of the cognitive determinants of hypertension self-management questionnaire among Iranian hypertensive patients based on the Intervention Mapping approach.

This psychometric study was conducted in Abadan in 2019. Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index of the questionnaire were calculated by ten hypertensive patients and 12 experts. Construct validity was investigated using Classical Item Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis by the participation of 315 hypertensive patients. The internal consistency was measured by using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha of the various cognitive determinants of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.

The mean age of patients was 57.53±11.30 years, ranging from 30 to 70 years. Five factors (attitude, outcome expectation, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and barriers) and behavior were confirmed. The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test was generally satisfactory (calculated: 0.817). The factors explained 61.86% of the variance of the hypothesized model. Estimated reliability using alpha Cronbach coefficient for each cognitive determinants were as follows: attitude (α=0.75), outcome expectations (α=0.79), self-efficacy (α=0.80), subjective norms (α=0.85), barriers (α=0.88), behavior (α=0.82).

The application of the intervention mapping approach in questionnaire development offers a useful questionnaire to measurement self-management hypertension behaviors, and psychometric analysis shows that it could be useful for related planning programs.

The study of educational environments in teaching hospitals has been recommended by many countries on an ongoing basis. In medical science education environments, in order to organize students' behavior, it is necessary to adjust and adapt the content and educational environment to each other as two important factors in the development of medical sciences. The aim of this study was to determine and study the atmosphere of teaching hospitals in Abadan University of Medical Sciences from the perspective of clinical students and its relationship with the performance of managers.

the present cross-sectional study was conducted in educational hospitals under the auspices of Abadan School of Medical Sciences in 2019. Research tools were two valid and reliable questionnaires. The “Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire” was used for the educational environment and the “managers' performance questionnaire” was used to evaluate the managers of the departments. Sampling was done by census and 204 students and 32 heads of clinical departments were included in the study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical tests of t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation.

The performance of managers was strong (mean score was 68.75±7.39). Each of the different areas of managers' performance had a positive and significant relationship with each other. Educational atmosphere was also favorable (mean score 113.35±22.59). There was no significant relationship between educational atmosphere and managers 'performance and each of the managers' performance areas.

Due to the dissatisfaction of one third of students with the educational atmosphere in Abadan University of Medical Sciences in clinical departments and not so high score in the dimension of planning in the performance of managers, educational processes need careful planning and implementation of standards.

Providing quality services and meeting the needs of clients in the health system of countries are emphasized by policy makers. In order to stay competitive, it is important to introduce the organization to others. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between accountability and quality of health services and their relationship with organizational prestige in public hospitals in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2019.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed by the census method in three hospitals under the auspices of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a questionnaire of health care quality from patients and questionnaires of fast-response organizations and organizational prestige from hospital staff. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation test.

The quality of medical services in the studied hospitals was moderate (63.54±15.42). Findings also showed that the response rate of hospitals was very good (62.12±15.59). Finally, the status of organizational prestige has been evaluated very well in terms of hospital staff (26.44±5.45). There was no statistical relationship among organizational prestige, service quality, and accountability.

In summary, in addition to responding quickly to patients' needs, improving the quality of services for hospital recognition and hospital prestige is also important and should be considered.

Previous research on the causes of the occurrence of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran have concentrated on the analysis of the political and economic components of this significant political event. Others have considered  the social, historical and even broader contexts surrounding the popular uprising which led to an unforeseen political change in a revolutionizing country.  However, some scholars have shown the importance of the core ideological component of this revolt. In the first part of this paper, the authors examine the three main theoretical approaches used for explaining the cultural features of Iranian Revolution, i.e.,  symbolism (symbolic interpretation), culturism (interpretation based on assumptions about Iranian culture),  discourse-based (interpretation based on discourse analysis). A comparative analysis of these approaches shows serious and fundamental weaknesses in their explanatory power to determine the impact of the cultural factors on the Iranian Revolution. The authors assert that symbolism, culturism, and discourse analysis are not compatible with the past events, and are incapable of explaining the complexities of this political phenomenon. Accordingly, in the second part, the  "Islamic liberation theology" as an alternative theoretical framework is introduced, and the impact of Islam and Shi’ism is studied to make the advent of the revolution at that time clear and understandable. They attempt to find answers to two research questions: 1.What is the most appropriate theoretical framework to explain the cultural component of the Iranian revolution? 2. Why and how did the Islamic liberation theology as the most important cultural component, lead to the revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi regime in Iran? In the research hypothesis, it is stated that Islamic liberation theology is the most appropriate explanatory factor of the 1979 revolution in Iran. The qualitative single- case study of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was carried out by the interpretation of past events and the analysis of arguments contained in the previous studies of the revolution and contemporary Iranian politics. Given the social context of  the 1950s and 1960s conditions in Iranian society, Shi’ism as a form of Islamic liberation theology was understood and accepted by the majority of Iranians, because it promised freedom from oppression, justice, and independence,  just to name a few social and political rights. The Shiite scholars presented  the idea of the creation of a new socio-political order to replace the old order which was centered on an absolutist monarchical system of government. The overwhelming Iranian support in a national referendum which led to the declaration of Iran as an Islamic Republic after the overthrow of the Pahlavi regime in the country is an indication of the importance of the role of Shiite religion as the main variable of the cultural component of the revolution. In the months leading up to the Iranian revolution, Islamic liberation theology replaced the foremost competing ideologies, forcing the opposition groups to form an asymmetric alliance with Islamist revolutionaries. Finally, the discussion of the merit of the "Islamic liberation theology" as a useful framework to explain the cultural aspect of the 1979 revolution is the main focus of the concluding part. The use of this theoretical approach is suggested to provide better understanding and explanation of how the revolutionary change occurred in Iran.

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a territorial conflict –with ethnic and religious streaks- over the ownership of the mountainous region of Karabakh. All the multiple mediations to end this conflict were futile till 2020 and the most important disagreement is over the "eventual state of the mountainous heights of Karabakh". When the balance of power shifted in favor of Azerbaijan in 20 November, Russia managed to end the war by a three-sided agreement and assert itself as the dominant power in the region. Since this peace deal also failed to solve the problem and was merely signed as a result of the shifting of the power balance, it seems that the 2020 peace deal would prove to be precarious again and get violated when the balance is restored. All the analysts are firmly certain that the tensions and competitions will remain in Transcaucasia (or South Caucasus) and the tentative 2020 peace agreement is only a continuation of the frozen conflict. On the one hand, the Armenian public opinion demands the reclaiming of the lost regions and the fall of the unsteady Pashinyan cabinet and the coming to power of a more leftist Prime Minister raises the probability of violating the agreement. On the other, the national sovereignty of both parties of the conflict has been breached and practically, only the Russian military is guarding the South Caucasus. The Western players are also expected to make a move and try to have a role to compensate for their lost interests in the region.

Promoting community health and improving health status requires training and clarifying health information seeking behavior in the community. In this regard, due to the caring role parents have in the family, they can play an important role by improving their health information acquisition skills. This study aimed to identify the components related to parental health information seeking behavior.

This was a library review study using a hybrid approach. After determining the keywords and searching in internal and external databases, 5574 articles were found. Applying filters and examining the content, the codes were extracted from 22 articles. Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) indices were used to review the articles, and Shannon entropy table, expert opinion, and kappa coefficient were employed to extract the codes.

In this study, 4 main and 12 subcategories were identified. Information needs, sources of information, cognitive factors and barriers to class information acquisition, and health-oriented information as well as child health assessment, conventional and non-conventional sources, social support, communication infrastructure, information validity were among the subcategories.

Facilitating the access to credible health-oriented information has a great impact on promoting health literacy and ultimately improving the level of health of individuals, including parents of children under 5 years old. Therefore, considering physical infrastructure, search skills, and individual and social differences as well as health information literacy training are among the factors affecting health promotion and improving its two-way relationship with health-information seeking behavior.

The need for social support, especially in the elderly who has less physical and mental health, has a special place, given that he has lost much of his ability to manage his life and experience some degree of frustration. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to factors such as social support and its impact on the satisfaction of this vulnerable stratum.
 In this study, we decided to examine the relationship between social support and life satisfaction in southwestern Khuzestan.

In this descriptive-analytical study, all elderly people living in Abadan and Khorramshahr who had inclusion criteria were selected through available sampling. Measurement instruments were Vaux social support questionnaire (SS-A) and Diener life satis faction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using spss-21 software.

In this research, 392 elderly respondents answered the questionnaire. The mean life satisfaction of these people was 4/56 ± 1.07 and the mean social support was 3/04 ± 0/32. Life satisfaction has a significant correlation with social support and with a single subscale of social support (P <0/005). The correlation between life satisfaction and social support is strongly estimated to be 0/324.

Considering all of the above, social support as a factor affecting mental health and morale of the elderly can be considered as a cheap resource and as a social capital in line with the dynamics and improvement of quality of life and the spirits of the elderly.

Studies show that ethanol can induce changes in proteomic profile of human fibroblast cells. Some of these proteins are important in promoting cancer. Thus, analyzing function and interaction networks of these proteins are essential for better understanding the carcinogenesis mechanism of ethanol.
In this study the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of six significant down-regulated proteins in human fibroblast cells (HFFF2) treated with ethanol were analyzed by using Cytoscape software and its algorithms.
PPI network analysis showed that the constructed network consisted of 756 nodes and 1166 edges. Results indicated that Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 with degree = 528 and Betweenness Centrality = 0.74 is a hub protein that ethanol can alter its expression. In addition, module evaluation showed that the hub protein has a key role in different overlapped complexes. On the other hand, annotation studies by using DAVID program indicated that this protein is involved in different important biological processes in the cell.
The six down-regulated proteins treated with ethanol may become carcinogenic and can impose vast alterations in other vital biological processes of the cell. Among them, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 is the most important one

As access to mobile phones is growing, dependence on mobile phones is being observed among teenagers and young adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits, loneliness, and identity styles and dependence on mobile phones among students.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 male and female high school students in Qorveh in the academic year 2013-2014. The participants were selected using random cluster sampling. The data were collected by NEO-PI, McCrae and Costa, dependence on mobile phones, Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-6), and loneliness questionnaires. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 16 and were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression.
The results showed a significant positive correlation between dependence on mobile phones and openness, neuroticism, and loneliness (p The results indicated that dependence on mobile phones could be predicted by analyzing personality traits, identity styles, and feeling of loneliness. Thus, appropriate plans should be designed to perform preventive interventions for such individuals.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and is considered as the sixth most common cause of mortality. Hospital readmission in patients with diabetes is important and can impose great costs on the health system. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting the readmission of patients with type II diabetes to selected hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2012.
This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study on 140 patients with diabetes. The participants were selected through convenient sampling from Imam Khomeini, Taleghani, and Imam Reza Hospitals. The validity of the questionnaire used was confirmed through content validity method and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha (86%). Data were analyzed using chi-square test in SPSS software.
Findings: The results of chi-square test showed that hospital readmission had a significant relationship with the variables of sex, educational level, and occupation, number of children, present smoking status, smoking history, substance abuse, and history of disease.
This study provides a clear picture of the causes of hospital readmission for patients with diabetes. Previous studies have evaluated this phenomenon in general. However, this study presents a specific approach to patients with diabetes, thus allowing policy-makers to better plan for this group of patients in order to prevent much of the costs resulting from readmission.

Human capital and equipments are the main components of health care systems. The aim of this study was compare these components with standards of ministry of health for finding deficiencies and remove them. In this Applied - Descriptive study, statistical population consist of Urban and rural health centers and health houses of Dareshahr. The checklist was used to data collection. After completing the checklist and gathering them, results by using descriptive statistics were represented. Findings have shown %26/4 shortage of manpower with the standard of health. The worst situation was rural centers with %55 shortage and the best situation were the heath house with %7 shortages. Current state of Equipment from the Ministry of Health standards was % 31/6 distance. Share existing of facilities in urban centers, rural and the health houses were %81/2, % 62/7and %47/2. Most centers far as Ministry of Health standards. It is necessary for manager to eliminate defection and improve standards of management to ensure balanced development in health care systems.

Academic collaboration is sharing the expertise, resources and abilities by researchers. This study examined academic collaboration among the authors of articles published in Iranian English language journals of ministry of health, indexed in the Web of Science and its correlation with article citations, 2005-2011. This study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The data were collected using a researcher-designed checklist. The study population was 6388 articles from 21 Iranian English language journals of ministry of health, indexed in the Web of Science. Data were collected by referring to each journal and counting the number of authors and citations allocated to any article. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel software. A total of 6388 articles published in 21 journals were analyzed according to the intended criteria. %17.8 of journals was monthly, %19.6 was tow-monthly and% 62.7 was quarterly. On average, 4.37 authors collaborated in writing each article. The mean of collaborative coefficient was 0.67. There was positively significant correlation between the number of authors and the number of citations to each article. The academic collaboration among the authors of examined articles enjoyed a favorable status, which is indicative of spirit of teamwork among the Iranian researchers. However, the rate of citations to articles in the examined journals was not in a good condition; hence, the factors affecting citation to articles, especially academic collaboration between researchers should be taken into consideration.