فهرست مطالب محمد مرادی

Mohammad Shahrour is one of the contemporary religious scholars, whose works are full of contemporary interpretations, with the approach of Quranic sufficiency and to resolve the conflict between religion and the modern world. One of his topics is the analysis of the Quranic concept of "Shahīd" and its derivatives in the Holy Quran. He did not consider Shahīd as the common meaning of being killed for the sake of God, but he considers its interpretation in today's world to be "inventors" and "reporters"! Using the analytical-critical method, this research tries to analyze the methodology of contemporary interpretation from Shahrour's point of view. His research may be evaluated in the four models of data mining, analysis of text elements, analysis of subtext elements, and analysis of meta-text elements. After examining all verses in the data mining stage, stagnation on the lexical etymology of the words of the Quran does not play a role in knowing the truth of the Quranic words. Verbal commonalities of Quranic terms are transformed and found in truth in the light of evidence such as the context of the text and historical and religious usages. The word "shahīd" and its derivatives, according to commentators such as Sheikh Tousī, are used in seven ways in the Holy Quran, one of which is the common meaning. The origin of the difference of opinion in the interpretation of words and the extension of the essence of the meaning of words to their other uses is related to the difference of opinion in the discussion of the placement of words. On the other hand, the absence of a declining sign in a certain instance and the non-change of the nature of the word are among the conditions of adherence to the generality of the word in the process of modernizing religious texts. Also, in the process of modernizing religious texts, it is necessary to avoid istihsān matching and adaption. The semantic connection of the appearance of the text with the contemporary meaning is a criterion of contemporary interpretation.

The tropopause is part of the fundamental structure of the atmosphere, separating the dynamically and chemically distinct troposphere and stratosphere. Based on the concepts as, thermal, dynamical, and chemical or ozone, three different tropopauses are defined. The thermal tropopause is defined as the lowest level above 500hPa at which the lapse rate decreases to 2 K/km or less, provided that also the average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed 2 K/km. The dynamical tropopause is defined in terms of sharp changes in the potential vorticity which be a measures of the stratification and wind shears in air masses. The original concept of the dynamical tropopause is based on the isentropic gradient of potential vorticity which is typically determined in a thin layer with absolute potential vorticity values within 1 and 4 potential vorticity units. Chemical tropopause is another type of tropopause that is defined based on the vertical concentrations of the trace gases such as ozone mixing ratio and water vapor. In tropical latitudes, a useful reference for distinguishing the tropopause from the stratosphere is the cold point, where the temperature minimum occurs. The cold-point tropopause is the temperature minimum in the tropopause region. The cold point tropopause this acts as the thermal boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere whose height varies from 18 km in the tropics to about 8 km in the poles. This boundary plays a crucial role in the troposphere-stratosphere exchange. In the present study, radiosonde data used are obtained from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Daily temperature profiles in January and July 2000-2022 are taken from two radiosonde stations in the central and south of Iran including Tehran (51.31°E, 35.56°N), and Shiraz stations (52.60°E, 29.53°N), and are analyzed. Using radiosonde temperature profiles (green lines) at Tehran stations in a) January and b) July 2021, cold-point tropopause and monthly mean temperature (black lines) are here presented (see text). The blue plus signs are cold point tropopauses from individual profiles and the red plus sign is the average of all blue plus signs. The black thick line is the mean temperature profile and the purple plus sign is the coldest point of the mean temperature profile. ΔT is the difference between the red and purple plus signs. Although we only showed two months of data in January and July here to visualize the difference between the mean of cold point tropopause and the coldest point of the mean temperature profile, our calculation for ΔT is for the 2000-2022 period. The results showed that Shiraz station's lowest temperature of the tropical cold point tropopause is colder than the Mehrabad station of Tehran, and the lowest temperature of the tropical cold point tropopause is estimated in July. This difference is related to combining geographical-latitudinal characteristics of the two stations and the development of thermal low pressure in July over Iran, which has caused an increase in height and a decrease in the temperature of the tropical tropopause. Also, the results showed the average tropical cold point tropopause temperature in the stations is 2.5 degrees kelvin lower than the average cold point of the vertical temperature profile, and the thermal low pressure and cold high pressure are the cause of this difference.

Stratified sampling is one of the most widely used sampling designs. In some cases, it is up to the researcher to determine the boundaries of the strata, and in some cases, the population is already stratified. The optimal classification is obtained for a situation of strata boundries, where the variance of the population mean (or total) estimator reaches its lowest value. In traditional methods, the variance of the estimator is considered as a function of the strata boiundries for the response variable, in order to reach the minimum of the variance, equations are obtained which are often solved by numerical methods. The first deficiency of this method is not considering all auxiliary variables. For example, in estimating the average income, classifying the society based on factors such as gender and job history can not only increase the efficiency of the estimator, but also make the interpretability and generalizability of the results easier. The second one is complex equations that do not have a closed and understandable solutionsn this paper, we have tried to construct the optimal classification based on a new criterion that is a combination of variance and a penalty for increasing the number of strata, so that important auxiliary variables in the formation of the decision tree determine the boundries of the strata. The classification process starts from the saturated tree and with successive pruning until reaching the root node, the number of strata decreases, the optimal stratification is achieved based on the introduced combined criterion.

The wave breaking on the upper levels troposphere effect on the wave activity flux and the influence of trough on the lower levels troposphere. In this research with using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data that covered span the years 1979-2018 for the winter months (15December to 15April). First the Hovmoller diagram of potential vorticity and temperature at 200hPa level in the cyclonic (anticyclonic) wave breaking was shown was assessed. the result showed that during the five days before to five days after the wave breaking the potential vorticity in the downstream trough increase to 6.5PVU alternatly. It is accompanied by alternative anomalies of temperature in 200hPa level. The influence of the stratospheric atmosphere to troposphere is causes to increase upper levels temperature and vorticity at trough area. And the influence of the tropospheric atmosphere to stratosphere is causes to decrease upper levels temperature and vorticity at ridge area. Previous study showed that Rossby wave breaking mechanism is similar in the different area at east of Atlantic ocean until west Asia. In these regions the meridional wave activity flux due to anticyclonic wave breaking is more than in the cyclonic wave breaking. But equatorward (poleward) wave activity flux in the anticyclonic (cyclonic) wave breaking on the east of Atlantic ocean and Europe is similar to (twice as many) in the east of Mediterranean and west Asia. During anticyclonic (cyclonic) wave breaking, jet in the upstream of trough is weaken and Also equatorward (poleward) wave activity flux in the downstream of trough is weaken and divergence region of wave activity flux split in two region over Europe and Meditranean area. It is seemed that during the wave breaking firestly upper part of wave passes from midlatitude then lower part of wave passes from subtropical latitude. In this research for appearing the mater The ensemble mean of vertical average of the eddy kinetic energy and the forcing terms of the eddy kinetic energy tendency as well as The baroclinic convergence (BCC), baroclinic generation (BCG) representing the generation of available potential energy, barotropic convergence (BTC), ageostrophic geopotential height flux convergence is calculated and studied for the breaking waves events on the east of Mediterranean sea. The results showed that during the five days before the wave breaking event, the eddy kinetic energy tendency is positive on the downstream trough and the eddy kinetic energy has intensified in the different latitude over the Europe and Mediterranean sea until wave breaking days. In the Anticyclonic (cyclonic) wave breaking events day the energy tendency was reduced in the downstream of trough and the energy center separate into two center at different latitude across the line north westerly-south-easterly (north easterly-southwesterly). Energy center is stronger on the lower latitude over the east of Mediterranean sea in the anticyclonic break and in the upper latitude over the Europe in the cyclonic break. during the five days before the wave breaking event, The ageostrophic geopotential height flux eddies Formation in different latitude causes the energy advection from upstream to downstream trough and intensify the energy centers. Also vertical motion and temperature gradient increase causes the formation of eddy kinetic energy tendency terms as well as BCC, BCG terms on the downstream of troughs. The jets settlement in downstream of troughs causes formation the BTC term. The ageostrophic geopotential height convergence has the most effect on the energy tendency magnitude that during the wave breaking day decrease similar to the another terms. The magnitude of the ageostrophic geopotential height convergence is twice as large as the BCC element and fourfold as large as the BCG and BTC elements. almost In the wave breaking days the eddy energy center diverge into two region with different latitude and the wave convert to two separete waves at different latitude across the north easterly-south westerly (north westerly-south easterly) axes. In the five days after wave breaking, firstly the waves in the upper latitude pass to the east and their energy centers are weaken then the waves in the lower latitude pass. however the forcing terms and the energy centers are weaken after wave break but almost during the fifth days after wave break the ageostrophic geopotential height convergence forcing term intensify again that caused to increase the eddy energy and the other wave pass across two latitude.

The phenomenon of precipitation is the final product of several complex atmospheric processes that are different in terms of time and place, and it can be considered one of the climatic characteristics of each region. The diversity of origin, temporal-spatial changes of rainfall systems, ground conditions such as altitude and topography, and distance and proximity to moisture sources cause precipitation behaviors, including continuity, to have temporal-spatial changes. Heavy and continuous rains are significantly effective in supplying water, feeding the underground water table, and storing it in the soil. It can also cause landslides, destruction of vegetation of forests and pastures, severe soil erosion, destruction of water structures, and waste of high volume of surface water resources in arid and semi-arid areas; therefore, it has always interested climate and meteorology researchers. In Iran, heavy and moderate rainfalls have been investigated from different perspectives. Some researchers have investigated heavy rains leading to floods in different regions of the country, and others have zoned rains lasting several days using the clustering method. Despite the various analyses conducted by the researchers, due to the difference in the selection of rainfall amounts and the different behavior of synoptic systems, the factors affecting rainfall lasting several days remain in the veil of ambiguity. This research aims to identify the synoptic patterns of rainfall lasting more than 4 days and to investigate the horizontal flux of specific moisture so that by identifying the behavior of this variable and its related fluctuations, accurate and comprehensive planning can be carried out in the direction of managing the country's water resources. What distinguishes this research from other studies is the method of estimating the limited rainfall of the study stations and the selection of the statistical period leading to 2022.

Methodology (Materials and Methods):

This research used two series of data; the first series was the daily rainfall data of 120 synoptic stations of the country from its establishment until 2022, which was taken from the National Meteorological Organization. First, the total four-day rainfall of weather stations from October to March was calculated. Then, based on the Andersen-Darling index, the best probability distribution function was fitted to the obtained data, and precipitation values above 99% of the fitted curve were obtained, among which the heaviest precipitation was selected. Five distinct clusters were identified using the hierarchical clustering technique based on the height of the middle level of the atmosphere. From each cluster, a precipitation system was chosen for synoptic analysis based on three criteria - intensity, continuity, and comprehensiveness of precipitation.The second series of data used in this research, which was used for the case study of synoptic systems, was taken from the NCEP/NCAR archive. These data in a regular grid are limited to 0 to 80 degrees east longitude and 10 to 60 degrees north latitude with a grid step of two and a half degrees, including an area where synoptic waves can be detected. From this series of data, we can refer to the average sea level pressure, altitude, temperature, and relative humidity of the pressure level of 850 hPa, the wind field and specific humidity of the pressure levels of 925 and 700 hPa, the height and the vertical component of the wind level of 500 hPa and the wind field of the level of 200 hPa.

Five specific patterns were obtained in the hierarchical clustering of the middle level's height. In the four obtained patterns, mid-level troughs with different depths are located in different geographical positions, and in the other pattern, a cut low pressure with a cold core was revealed in the north of the Black Sea. From examining the uncovered troughs, it was seen that in two cases, in the eastern part of the trough, there was a strong pile of height, which prevented the eastward movement of the trough and made it last. In these cases, the stack becomes more profound as the ship's depth increases and the ship's movement becomes slower. In two cases, short and low-amplitude waves caused by the rotating movement of the ship periodically passed through the study area and caused the instability of the atmosphere. In the case of a low-pressure cut, a deep ridge has caused the system to last and continue to rain. Since the water vapor is more in the lower levels above the water sources, the upward movement caused by the eastern circulation of pressure systems has caused the water vapor to be transferred into it and increased the amount of precipitation. Therefore, the persistence and transfer of water vapor have caused the continuation of precipitation in the study area.

Investigations showed that the synoptic systems of mid-latitudes, when passing over the warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea, caused an upward movement due to the gyre circulation and transferred a large amount of moisture on the sea to higher altitudes. In addition, the eastern winds of the high-pressure southern part over the Oman Sea have transferred a large amount of special moisture to the south of the Red Sea, which has been transferred to the south, southwest, and western regions of Iran with the southern winds of the eastern part of the Red Sea pressure trough. As a result of the upward movement, these values have participated in the precipitation process and increased the amount of precipitation and the continuity of rain in the western half of Iran.

Characteristics such as excellent mechanical properties, high heat resistance, corrosion resistance and low density have made composites like carbon fiber widely used in various industries including medical, aerospace and automotive. However, due to characteristics such as poor thermal conductivity, low cutting surface quality and high strength, it is difficult to cut it using conventional methods. The aim of this article is to design and build a type of cutting tool that uses ultrasonic waves to reduce the cutting force and improve the cutting surface quality of carbon fiber workpieces. In this research, the design and construction of the horn part of the cutting tool is specifically discussed. First, a stepped horn is designed by performing analytical calculations, and then by adding a conical part with different angles to it, the effect of changing the angle on the amplitude amplification, modal spacing and stress distribution has been investigated by finite element simulation method.The results of numerical simulation show the insignificant effect of changing the angle of the conical part on the result. Finally, the optimized design is built.The results of experimental tests show that the use of ultrasonic waves has a significant effect in reducing the cutting force up to one-sixteenth and significantly improving the quality and straightness of the cutting edge of the carbon fiber workpiece compared to the case without ultrasonic assistance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the budget deviation of the acquisition of capital assets with performance, the consequences of this deviation and to find a solution to reduce it in the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts.This research is of applied type and has been done in four phases. In the first phase, the significance of budget deviations is investigated. The collected data are based on the information of the agreement and reports within the organization during the years 2005 to 2021. In the second phase, by studying scientific texts and conducting interviews with experts and using theme analysis, the factors affecting the deviation were determined. These enumerated factors were measured with a quantitative index and a budget deviation model was developed through regression test. the third phase and the fourth phase the results were extracted using the method of interviewing experts and theme analysis. Findings indicate that there is a significant deviation between budget and performance and among the factors affecting budget deviation that were extracted by reviewing scientific texts and interviewing experts, factors such as sanctions, exchange rates, public expectations, national income, inflation International relations, factors, natural disasters, political interventions and were identified. The following are the effects of these deviations and solutions to reduce it.By specifying this factors of , decision makers can consider the above in their proposed budgets for each of the executive app plans and take steps to further improve the performance of the app.

Suasio est finis scientiae communicationis, et Qur'an est optimus communicationis existendi. Ultimus finis persuasionis est ut actio per visum et inclinationem perficiat. Praecipua nvestigatio ventura huius condicionis est exponere nuntium religionis auditores.narrationem et intellectualem sustentationem habet et latissimum eius applicationem Ab abusu discretionis, quae est negatio tollendae poenae discretionis cohibitionis in modo adimplendi officium religiosi. Investigatio ventura huic quaestioni respondere studet per informationem collectionem bibliothecae et methodum analyticam describit, quaenam est notio et applicatio regulae recusationis abusus discretionis in persuasione religiosa? Regula recusationis adhibetur in theoria ac principiis iurisprudentiae persuasione religiosa? Regula recusationis adhibetur inet iurisprudentiae et narrationem et intellectualem sustentationem habet et latissimum eius applicationem. In eventu religiosae persuasionis, Sancti narrationem et intellectualem sustentationem habet et latissimum eius applicationemQuran emphasi, applicatio huius regulae in duas provincias, singularem et gubernationem dividi potest, et quaestiones quales anasat in singulis dominiis hac regula fundari possunt. circulus anasat a silentio ad audiendum explicabitur.

Considering different definitions of game, one can categorize them into different types. Inevitably, games have influenced everyone's life at different ages. Games not only entertain individuals, but also reflect the concerns and problems of life. Furthermore, players both repeat such concerns and transmit them, too. ''Poetry'' is one of the most important means of transmitting elements. This element can be changed based on the time and place and it can be compatible accordingly. This research has been done based on descriptive- analytical method and it has classified and considered the play-songs of the people of Fars. The results show these songs used in those games with two or more groups of audiences and mostly considered as non-actional/ verbal games which are constructed on four principals of repetition, dialogue, teasing and consonance. Also, they were counted in counter side of actional games. This spectrum of play-songs (verbal to action) also fits with the element of age because the tendency of young people is more towards verbal games as they get older, they move towards action games. Another point is the poem which is the game and is not part of it, that it is in the four initial categories of game. It is underlined that poem is so dominant in the folklore life. Another is that many of the action games have rules and frameworks in poems and these rules are included in seven groups such as: calling out for game, role calling, choosing the head of the game, starter and fellow, selecting the fired one or the reserved one, punishment, not paying the penalty and announcing the end of the game. The players should accept and perform the rules. The order of these rules and in general, all the songs of the game played a big role in the socialization of the players.

Cultural security is very important in any society, whether Islamic or non-Islamic. In every religion and belief, based on the beliefs of the same religion and belief, cultural security is formed according to that society, and the people and officials of the society are required to maintain that cultural security. Cultural security is very important in Islamic society. In the Islamic civil society, if people understand religion and religious beliefs well, the cultural security of the society will be ensured, and internal and external enemies and malicious people will not be able to deal with this cultural security.The best help and guide for maintaining cultural security and dealing with cultural invasion is the Holy Quran and then the precious word of Ahl al-Bayt Immaculate and Purity , which is always a bright light in turbulent cultural paths that can be used and applied. In the Islamic society, cultural security is ensured in the society.And the findings of that statement regarding the role of religion and religious beliefs in providing cultural security in the section on the role of religion in providing cultural security include: monotheism, justice, prophecy, imamate and resurrection, and in the section on the role of religious beliefs in providing cultural security it is stated From: Enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, centered justice, taking responsibility, observing rights, keeping the promise, chastity, provincialism, forming a family, Islamic ethics, covering faults, simple living, helping the needy.

In order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probability of non-repayment of facilities and services. Financially, these surveys are generally called validation. The purpose of this research is to rank the groups of customers and determine the best parts of them so that the brokerage company can perform credit allocation in a mechanized way. For this purpose, after the initial pre-processing of the data, they are processed in the form of RFM 1 model. Then, using the SOM 2 neural network as one of the clustering algorithms, the customers will be divided into 10 clusters. In the following, using the proposed model, the clusters are ranked. The best clusters are identified and the operation of granting facilities is done for the members of these clusters. Finally, three clusters 5, 1 and 7 were determined as the best clusters, which are the target customers. The coefficient of facilities granted to these top three clusters is 0.271, 0.173 and 0.556 respectively.

Tourmaline is a borosilicate mineral with general formula of XY3Z6[T6O18](BO3)3V3W. Experimental studies demonstrate a wide range of stability for tourmaline-supergroup minerals to record different geological processes. They occur in metamorphic, granitic pegmatites, and clastic sedimentary rocks and are associated with hydrothermal activities (Dutrow and Henry, 2011; Slack and Trumbull, 2011). Textural and compositional features of tourmaline can be used as an indicator of environment in which it crystallized. Tourmaline from porphyry deposits generally show a. frequently crystal zoning, b. development from Fe-rich to Mg-rich, and c. total Mg content is ~2 apfu in copper deposits and 1-2 apfu in Au deposits (Baksheev et al., 2012). It is believed that the world-class Dashkasan gold deposit records the transformation of porphyry to low-sulfide epithermal (Richards et al., 2006). The Dashkasan gold deposit located in the Kurdistan Province can be a significant region for better understanding the origin and the evolution of ore-forming fluids using chemistry of tourmaline. For the present study, we also tried to apply fluid inclusions data on quartz-tourmaline-pyrite veins from the Dashkasan deposit.

Polished-thin sections of various tourmalines of the Dashkasan deposit were examined using a Cameca SX100 Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) at the Iran Mineral Processing Research Center, Karaj. Fluid inclusion studies were performed on quartz crystals of quartz-tourmaline-pyrite veins. The microthermometric parametes of fluid inclsions were measured by Linkam-THMS-600 stage at the University of Isfahan.

The Dashkasan gold deposit with 52 Mt of oxidized ore and average grades of 1.77 g/t Au is hosted by the Middle-Miocene porphyritic dacite/rhyodacite and dacitic breccia rocks. The main minerals are quartz, K-feldspar, hornblende and biotite mainly altered.. This deposit is characterized by the transition from the porphyry to the epidermal system with the presence of tourmaline minerals in phyllic and silicification alteration associated with gold veins. As petrographic examination shows tourmaline occurs as disseminated, vein/veinlet, and breccia textures in three types: Tur-1 occurred as needle shape in dacitic rocks associated with phyllic alteration; Tur-2 crystallized as radial shape mainly coexisting with silicification; and Tur-3 with elongated shape is present in dacitic breccia with phyllic alteration.

Mineral Chemistry:

The geochemical composition of three types tourmalines points to the nature and the evolution of ore-forming fluids. Electron microprobe analyses of the studied tourmalines indicate that the Tur-1 and Tur-3 are dravite, and the Tur-2 is dravite to schorl in composition and they belong to alkaline group. The third type, unlike the other two, is characterized by poor zoning and higher values of Na, K, Fe, Mg and lower values of Ca. On Fetot-Ca-Mg ternary diagram, they plotted in the Ca-poor metapelites, metapsammites, and quartz-tourmaline rocks host. Magmatic genesis inferred from the higher Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio for Tur-1 and Tur-2, while this ratio in the Tur-3 is different and shifted towards hydrothermal source.

Microthermometric Study:

Richards et al. (2006) present the fluid inclusion assemblages from quartz-tourmaline veins in sericitized wall rocks in the Dashkasan deposit consisting of hypersaline and rare vapor-rich inclusion. They have homogenization temperatures of 246° to 360 ℃, yielding salinities of 34.4 to 46.1 wt% NaCl equiv. (Richards et al., 2006). Fluids inclusions studies on quartz-tourmaline-pyrite veins related to transition between stage-1 and stage-2 of mineralization in the Dashkasan shows a salinity values from 15.9 to 16.8 wt% NaCl equiv. and homogenization temperature values between 185° to 254 °C.

On the basis of optical and scanning electron microscopy, three tourmaline types(Turs -1,-2 and -3) in the Dashkasan deposit, can be distinguished. Despite the lack of zoning in Tur-1 and Tur-2, the third type displays the poor zoning. The first-and the third-types of tourmalines are dravite (Mg-rich), whereas the second-type is dravite to schorl in composition. Magmatic genesis is reflected by higher Ʃ(Fe+Mg) and FeO/(MgO+FeO) ratios for the first two types. While these ratios in the Tur-3 is different and shifted toward hydrothermal source. To sum up, the occurrence of quartz-tourmaline-pyrite veins in the Dashkasan deposit is due to the existence of a fault system under the physicochemical performance of the ore-mineralized fluid by a sudden depressurization and probably gradual mixing with shallow water.

The sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.

This research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software. Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research model Model fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DF The amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3< Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94 Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.

Considering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation.

Durum wheat is the only tetraploid plant that has high commercial value. Drought is the most important abiotic stress that significantly affects the growth, physiology and reproduction of plants. Simplifying the selection procedure to improve yield of new genotypes of wheat is necessary. Performance is a complex trait that is influenced by many factors, and usually due to its low heritability, direct selection for performance is not very effective, so it is better to use indirect selection to improve yield. By using some statistical methods, it is possible to obtain the relative share of each of the yield components in the yield amount.

In this study, in order to investigate recombinant inbred lines of durum wheat with their parents (Shotordandan and Dena) the experiment in the form of alpha lattice design in two replications for two crop years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz branch in two conditions of full irrigation and no irrigation after the pollination stage done. In this research, morphophysiological and phenological traits were measured. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between traits and factor analysis of relationships between traits were investigated and genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis by WARD method using standard data and Euclidean distance using SPSS ver 20 software.

Based on the results of composite analysis, the interaction effect of genotype × year was significant only for spike length trait. The results of phenotypic and genotypic correlations in full irrigation and stress conditions showed that the grain yield in all conditions had a positive and significant correlation with spikes. plant-1 and biological yield. Based on the results of factor analysis in the conditions of full irrigation and drought stress at the end of the season, six and five factors were identified, respectively, and these factors explained 89.3 and 79.7 percent of the changes in the data. The results of cluster analysis put the evaluated recombinant pure lines in four clusters under full irrigation conditions and five clusters under stress conditions.

In total, genotypes 38, 11, 2, 8, 49, 34, 50, 41, 9, 63, 47, 59, 57, 1, 4, 35, and the parent of Shotordandan were introduced as better genotypes in terms studied traits. Selection based on grain yield is not enough due to low heritability, especially in drought stress conditions, so traits that have a high and significant correlation with grain yield in drought stress conditions can be used in breeding programs in prioritized. The results of this research showed that there is a high diversity in relation to all the evaluated traits in the studied lines, which indicates the high breeding value of this population.

The research is to design an organizational dynamics model for the Ministry of Sport and Youth. This research had a qualitative approach, which was carried out using data foundation theory. The statistical population included professors of sports management and managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which were sampled purposefully, using the snowball method. The data reached theoretical saturation after 14 interviews. To analyze the data, the coding method was used in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. The number of open codes was 382 and the core codes were 40, which included causal conditions (human resources, growth areas, management style, organizational culture, technology, acceptance of change, competitiveness, organizational policies, strategy, structure and flexibility) Underlying conditions (self-actualization, brainstorming, rapid change, competence, evaluation and control, collaboration, communication and creativity), intervening conditions (leadership style, poor human resources, rejection of change, dynamic complexity, high speed of change, poor response and lack of Flexibility), strategies (employing creative managers, continuous training, new leadership styles, flat structures, new ideas and new technologies) and consequences (organizational productivity, organizational performance, quick response, flexibility, organizational agility, taking advantage of new opportunities, Survival in the competition arena and customer orientation).
Therefore, the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations are advised to use the proposed model derived from the research, in order to develop dynamism in their organizations to respond faster and adapt to new rules and conditions, creatively and discover innovative processes and achieve the desired goals of the organization.

Aristotle’s Poetics has valuable information in various sections which needs to be interpreted owing to its particular structure. One of these sections is Aristotle’s judgment on the tragedians’ innovations. Thus, the interpretation of Aeschylus’ plays is particularly significant because he is the earliest of the three great tragic poets. Aristotle has attributed four innovations to Aeschylus: increasing the number of actors, decreasing the importance of chorus, attention to dialogue, and best-selecting the mythos. Although except the latter, the other are approximately close to each other, Aristotle has separated them into sections based on different perspectives. The main purpose of this research is to analyze to what extent Aeschylus’ plays are in line with Aristotle’s Poetics and to identify the flaws of the Aristotelian model. The method which is used in this article consists of perusing all Aeschylus’ survived works and Aristotle’s Poetics for identifying Aristotle’s direct analyses of him and analyzing the elements which have been mentioned above and reviewing their development based on the date of their composition. The results of the research show that among all four mentioned elements, Aristotle`s judgment on the mythos applies to the plays; but as for the other two elements, namely increasing the number of actors and decreasing the importance of chorus, there are several instances that refute the Aristotle’s arguments in Poetics regarding these plays. It seems one of the most eminent reasons for this contradiction is that in compiling Poetics all Aeschylus’ plays have not been analyzed and other great Greek poets have been taken into consideration.

Peste des petitis (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease with high incidence and mortality rate, which is endemic in the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Africa. This disease has been causing economic losses in sheep and goat flocks in these areas. The aim of current research was to study of seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goats in Guilan province in 2022. In this cross-sectional study, blood samples from 368 sheep and goats from different rural areas of Guilan province were analyzed using competitive ELISA test. Risk factors including sex, age, species and the geographic location were taken into consideration. From a total of 368 serum samples that analyzed for the presence of antibody against PPR virus, 85.32% (n=314) samples were positive for PPR virus antibody, and 14.68% (n=54) were negative. Except for the geographical area, there was no statistically significant difference between risk factors and PPR virus antibody seroprevalence (p>0.05). According to the results, PPR was proven to be an endemic disease in north of Iran and the environmental risk factors have a greater impact on the seroprevalence of disease than host risk factors. Therefore, in order to control the disease in endemic areas, further attention should be paid to environmental risk factors and minimizing the risk of epidemics through vaccination at sensitive timescales and areas before high-risk environment changes.

 Corruption and fraud are two of the most important chllenges in each society. Fraud is any deliberate and deceptive act by one or more of the executives، employees or third parties to enjoy an undue or illegal advantage and includes two distortions resulting from fraudulent financial reporting and misuse of assets.In the literature, the effect of various factors on fraudulent financial reporting has been studied, However, the influence of behavioral dimensions has not been. Managers personality properties and behavioral characteristics are affecting factor on corrupt actions of managers. This study seeks to investigate the effect of manager's risk attitude and expectations on fraudulent financial reporting  and this is the reason why this study is included in behavioral stydies which examine the effect of behavioral properties on different variables.It is the manager who decides whether or not to commit reporting fraud. If the manager chooses cheating, there is a chance that the fraud will be discovered. As a result, this decision is made under uncertainty because if fraud is not detected, the manager will gain more benefits, but discovering it can cause loss of the manager's interests and reputation.

 In this study, game theory was used. Game theory as a branch of mathematics has been introduced into the social sciences in the study of situations of social interactions. When the word "game"is used, it means any social situation that involves at least two players in which the interests of the parties are connected or interdependent.Game theory attempts to model the mathematical behavior governing a strategic situation. This occurs when the success of one side of the game depends on the strategies that the other side chooses. The ultimate goal of this knowledge is to find the optimal strategy for players.  Accordingly, the reporting process is also the kind of game that managers play against users. The interests of each individual in the game are not only dependent on their own behavior, but also on the behavior of other players. As a result، the achievable utility of the player depends on the opponent's play.An experimental investigation and a cooperative game were made in this study. In the game, the players must be decided whether to engage in fraudulent behavior or not, in terms of their expectations. lottery choices were used to elicit players' risk attitude and direct belief elicitation to elicit players' beliefs. The game is done in 8 round. Finally, logistic regression was utilized to analyze data.

 It is observed that the risk attitude of the players failed to explain their choices between earnings management and honest reporting. Instead, their expectations appeared to be a better predictor of their decision.In addition, among other variables that have been known to influence cheating are the gender of the manager and professional background of the manager. Moreover, people are more inclined to cheat when faced with a real profit management scenario. The behavior of managers in the last round of the game does not differ significantly from their behavior in other rounds. Morover, manager gender and his/her professional experience are among other variables affecting on doing the fraud. Based on findings, if manager is a man, he is highly likely to do fraud in comparison with a woman. In addition, manager,s experience has negative effect on fraud. It means that more having experience prevents manager to enagage in fraud.

 According to the obtained results, if a person expects to do more fraudulent actions by others, he is likely to do it too. As a result, it can be said that the more common and accepted an action is among the members of a society, and the more people who do it, the more people are encouraged to do it. In other words, the more common fraud is among managers, the more widespread corruption becomes, and other managers will turn to opportunistic behavior. One of the main problems of our country and all societies around the world is the penetration of these kinds of destructive behaviors in different layers of society (not necessarily managers). In the event of repetition and epidemic, such behaviors will gradually become a social norm in the society and the number of corrupt and dishonest people who prefer their personal interests to the interests of a large group of stakeholders such as shareholders of the company.Moreover, according to the findings, if the manager is male, it has a positive impact on the conduct of fraud. Meanwhile, the manager's professional background has a significant reverse effect on fraud. So the more professional history the manager has, the less likely he is to cheat.Inaddition, the results showed that the majority of frauds were done in the form of real profit management. The amount of cheating performed in the last round did not differ significantly with the average of cheats performed in the previous rounds. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the increase in the number of cheats in the last round of the game reflects the increased tendency to cheat in the last round of managers' tenure.

In recent decades, with the recognition of the significance of children’s literature in academia, many institutes in Iran and around the world have turned their attention to the criticism and analysis of works related to the world of children. One of the influential institutes in the field of criticism and theory of children’s literature is the Center for Children’s Literature Studies established in 2005 in Shiraz University. The activities of this center have led to the development of university programs for children’s and adolescents’ literature and its curriculum in 2009 and 2010 (Khosrownejad & Atashi, 2019: 24; Maktabifard, 2016: 26-27). The research-based perspective of this center was accelerated with the publication of a research journal known as Journal for Children’s Literature Studies in 2010 (Maktabifard, 2016: 27). Since then, findings of university critics have been published for those interested in children’s literature through this biannual journal.Considering the influence of this center on the expansion and direction of theory and criticism of children’s literature, the present research analyzes the articles in the first 20 issues of this journal in order to identify the changes in the subject matter and the perspectives of the researchers and critics in the field of children’s literature, as well as to analyze the sources, subjects and works used by researchers, and to offer suggestions in the related fields to researchers and scientific committee of the journal.

The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the key stakeholders of the Football Federation.

This research was done by the descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included football experts and elites, which was considered as a whole number. The Delphi method was used to localize the identified stakeholders and the paired comparison questionnaire was used to prioritize key stakeholders.

The results of this study showed that the league organization with average weight (0.167), sponsors with average weight (0.153), clubs with average weight (0.146), football schools with average weight (0.100), Coaches with average weight (0.092), fans with average weight (0.081), Asian Football Confederation with average weight (0.050), FIFA with average weight (0.047), players with average weight (0.046) are considered as key stakeholders of the Football Federation respectively.

With regards to the importance and the role of each of the key stakeholders in the implementation and the promotion of federation's programs, the policy and planning of the federation should be with emphasis and attention to these key stakeholders.