محمد مصلی نژاد

The present study aimed to investigate the interplay between gender and personality types in shaping the tendency to study physical education at university. A descriptive survey methodology was employed for this study. The sample comprised 382 candidates (238 males and 144 females) aspiring to study physical education, selected through random sampling across various examination centres. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and a bespoke physical education questionnaire were utilised to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and the reliability was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. The findings indicated that the interactive effect of gender and personality on the proclivity of candidates for physical education was statistically not significant (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed between male and female candidates in their inclination towards physical education (P>0.05), although a notable variation was found among different personality types (P>0.05). The variance in the propensity for physical education across various personality types highlights the pivotal role of personality in this regard. It is therefore advisable to consider students' personality traits in academic advising and during the selection process for physical education programmes.

The Iranian handball premier league needs to understand the engagement pattern of league fans to retain fans, develop league products and develop league-related strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to developing the pattern of engagement behaviors of fans in the Iranian handball premier league. This research was a type of mixed research that was done by modeling method. Based on the existing authoritative literature, the initial conceptual model of the research was developed and then evaluated with data from the Iranian Handball Premier League. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.872 and the composite reliability for all constructs were higher than the suggested cutoff point of 0.60. 306 questionnaires were included in the final analysis. The partial least squares method was used to evaluate the study's conceptual model. The findings showed that the study's conceptual model is a good fit with the data obtained from the field of Premier Handball League. Fans of the Iranian Handball Premier League showed the greatest tendency towards non transactional extra-role behaviors. Therefore, the managers of the Iranian Handball Premier League can expand their fan base as well as social exchanges between fans by providing engagement opportunities for fans.

The purpose of this study was to comparison study to the factors affecting on institutionalization of sport among students. This research is an empirical descriptive survey. The population of this study consisted of all the students attending Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (24078 students). Using Cochran Formula and an alpha level of 0.05, 380 students were selected as the sample of the study. Jami's questionnaire (2015) including economic, social, cultural, managerial, infrastructural, and motivational factors and also sports places was used to gather the data of the study. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and also the mean internal reliability for the five factors included in the questionnaire was 0.812. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation, normal probability curve) and inferential statistics (Including one sample t test and repeated measure and Bonferroni post-hoc) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that all the five factors mentioned before are effective for the institutionalization of sport among the students and the authorities should pay attention to such factors.

The aim of the present study was to assess behavioral intentions of spectators of Iran handball premier league based on functional and result quality. This study was a descriptive survey research. The population consisted of spectators who participated in the games of 4 handball teams of Iran premier league in 2014-2015 season. Based on Cochran (α=0.05), 380 spectators were selected as the sample. Theodorakis et al (2012) Questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 professors and handball experts. The internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.91). Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that result quality (β=0.232) and functional quality (β=0.318) could predict 0.170 percent of the variance of spectators' behavioral intentions. Therefore, the officials and tournament organizers should pay more attention to functional and result quality to attract more spectators to sport halls.

The purpose of this study was evaluated the hierarchy of values and source of influence on beliefs of candidates entering the field of physical education. The research method was survey. The Statistical population were participants in the physical education practical test. 180 boys and 120 girls were randomly selected as the statistical sample (n= 300). Data collection tools was the Allport, Vernon and Lindzey (1970) values standard questionnaire which has been used in several research and in various communities. Reliability of this questionnaire were estimated 0.84, 0.75, 0.87, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.84 for each of the six values of the Theoretical, Economic, Aesthetic, Social, Political and Religious respectively. The Shapiro_Wilk test to check data distribution and the friedman ANOVA test to rank the hierarchy of values and the source of influence on beliefs was used. All statistical analysis were performed by SPSS20 statistical software. The results showed that Theoretical value was the highest ranking (MR=4.15), Political value was the lowest ranking (MR=2.89), In addition, Social, Religious, economic and Aesthetic values were second and fifth positions respectivly. It was also observed that the family had the greatest impact on the volunteer's beliefs (MR=7.91, p

The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to the privatization of the sport facilities of the Iranian public universities and prioritization of them, that was conducted the survey method. The statistical sample of this study were members of the parliament economic and 44 principle commission, expert of the privatization organization, faculty member of economic and physical education and sport sciences field of the Iranian public universities, a member of the industrial town company, member of the commercial room's province, and investors that selected by purposeful. Qualitative and quantitative methods such as the study of the literature, Indepth interview, systematic coding, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were formed the research process that was properly combined. The results showed that barriers of the privatization of the sport facilities inside of the policy – making and executive is priority order political (0.261), planning – strategic (0.226), management – administrative (0.158), cultural – social (0.133), legal (0.090), macro fund's investment (0.055), economy (0.052) and marketing (0.025). As well as the identified barriers inside of device quitter, are priority order planning - strategic (0.316), management - administrative (0.239), political (0.197), institutional modernization (0.117), cultural – social (0.101) and personal (0.030). Identified barriers inside of the private sector are priority order economic (0.482), micro fund's investment (0.295), cultural – social (0.170) and professional – expertise (0.053). Privatization policy needs to determine vision and creating a long – term and short – term plans to achieve them. The only in situations which privatization will be as an effective strategy for reforms and increasing the productivity of the university sport facilities.