محمد مطلبی

The issue of determinism alongside human will in the performance of actions stands as a historical dilemma within Islamic sciences. From the advent of Islam, due to its close connection with concepts such as the system of cause and effect, divine decree and predestination, human actions, and free will, Muslim scholars have approached this matter from various perspectives. Allameh Tabataba'i, a prominent Shiite scholar, addresses and examines the issue of determinism in his exegesis Al-Mizan. The findings ofthis study, conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach emphasizing Al-Mizan, indicate that Allameh classifies determinism into types such as religious determinism, philosophical determinism, and materialistic determinism. The consequences of these include the denial of the innate principle of cause and effect, the contradiction between divine decree and human actions, the inherent misery of disbelievers, belief in materialism, attributing disgraceful actions to God, and the futility of human deeds. Reasons such as divine commands and prohibitions, reference to divine attributes, repentance, and blame are tools that Allameh uses to refute the theory of determinism and its proponents. Overall, in Allameh’s view, determinism leads to the denial of the intellectual goodness and badness of actions and to legitimizing the imposition of unbearable duties.

Students' learning during their study period is one of the most important educational goals in the universities. During the corona pandemic, universities were forced to change traditional methods and turn to virtual education. However, this new method had not been investigated comprehensibly. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the learning efficiency of students in virtual versus face-to-face education during the outbreak of the corona pandemic in the faculties of health and paramedicine of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study included 210 students with different disciplines via convenient sampling. For data collection we used a two-part questionnaire: demographic data including nine questions and a standard learning efficiency questionnaire consisting of 45 questions. Data were entered into SPSS version22 software and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests.

The mean scores of learning efficiency in face-to-face and virtual training were 165.96 ± 32.07 and 104.79 ± 25.39, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two training methods (P=0.000). Based on the Wilcoxon test, the total score of learning efficiency and all indexes in the questionnaire were significantly higher in the face-to-face training group compared to those in the virtual training group (p<0.05).

In this study, students in the face-to-face training group had higher learning efficiency. We recommend this method in the future programs.

The Former Dialect of Shirāz is among a few New Iranian dialects of which considerable written texts are remained from 5th till 11th century A.H. Sa'diʼs Mosallasāt (7th century A.H.), a trilingual ghazal of Hafez (8th century A.H.), the Divān of Shams Pos-e Nāser (8th century A.H.) and the books Kān-e Malāhat and Se Goftār by Shāh Dā'i Shirāzi (9th century A.H.) and Bos'haq At'ema (9th century A.H.) are typical samples of this linguistic variety. The Former Dialect of Shirāz (called Shirāzi or Sherazi) has been changed in phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels in its evolution from Middle Shirāzi. The authors of this article try to compare the phonetic and phonological characteristics of this linguistic variant with Middle Persian as well as introducing the most important phonetic changes from Middle Persian to The Former Shirāzi and also the major phonetic processes of Shirāzi based on the works of Shāh Dā’i Shirāzi.

 Ardalani dialect belonging to the central group of Kurdish dialects, is mainly spoken in Sanandaj and its suburbs. The word “Ardalani” is derived from the name of Ardalan family who had ruled over the city. The dialect is also known as “Sanandaji (Sene’i)”. This article is devoted to the verb conjugation in Ardalani dialect. At the first, verb components such as stems, personal endings, verb inflectional affixes are discussed. Then the formation of in different tenses, modes, and voices, as well as the modals and auxiliaries are discussed. According to the results of this research, the most important characteristic of Ardalani dialect is preserving the passive stem of Old and Middle Iranian which distinguishes it from other Iranian languages. Another characteristic is that Ergative structure is used in conjugation of the past tense of transitive verbs.

Childbirth is a completely natural event; however, when the life of the mother or child is in danger, a cesarean section is performed. Due to the lack of awareness of the complications of cesarean section, we are faced with an exponential increase in cesarean; therefore, this research aims to compare the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior with the routine method on the intention to choose the method of childbirth in women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad, Iran.

The present study was a field trial that was conducted on 76 pregnant women in 2022. People were selected by two-stage random cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control). Data were collected using a demographic and fertility questionnaire and a valid and reliable questionnaire related to the construct of the theory of planned behavior for both intervention and control groups in three stages, before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. The training program for the intervention group was given to people based on the theory of planned behavior in 6 sessions and the control group received routine training. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model statistical tests.

In this study, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and fertility variables. The results of the GEE model showed that the average score of the variables of awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and behavioral intention immediately and one month after the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

The intervention by the theory of planned behavior has an effect on the choice of natural delivery method; therefore, it is recommended to use these trainings along with pregnancy care in order to reduce caesarean section.

The current urban runoff management approach in Tehran is a structural approach which its main purpose is to collect and transfer runoff out of the city. However, nature-based approaches emphasize the maximum absorption as near as the source of runoff and apply interdisciplinary perspectives to achieve it. This research pursues two main goals in order to provide the basis for the application of nature-based approaches in the local streets of city of Tehran, Iran: 1) identifying of disciplines and main variables of the nature-based urban drainage approaches, and 2) identifying the role each variable plays in implementing these approaches in Tehran in the current situation. First, a theoretical model of the disciplines and variables has been develops based on literature review. Second, the role of each variable from the point of view of experts was investigated by using Cross Impact Analysis (CIA) method with the tool of MicMac software. The results show that in the current situation, ‘runoff speed and volume’ as an influential variable has the most important role on implementation of these new approaches in urban runoff management in Tehran local streets. And variables of ‘street profile’, ‘land use’, ‘activities’, and ‘planting’ as well as ‘economic feasibility’ are linkage variables. Other variables are either dependent or do not have high priority in the current situation. The results of the research place special emphasis on interdisciplinary teamwork between the specialties of water sciences and urban landscape as well as economics to provide the basis for the application of these approaches.IntroductionFlash Floods are intensified in Tehran and the change of natural permeable surfaces to impervious constructed areas is one of the main reasons. So, nature-base approaches investigated in this research. There are some different terms that represent nature-based approaches: Alternative Technique (AT), Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Low Impact Development (LID), Best Management Practices (BMPs), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Green Infrastructure (GI), Sponge City. Investigating show that although each of them pursue different objectives but all of them are the same in these two aspects: a) applying interdisciplinary viewpoint and b) trying to runoff usage in place it produced. Regarding to these, the research is focused to maximize runoff penetration in local streets as a place that its flow start from there. Two main goals of this paper are: 1) identifying of disciplines and main variables of the nature-based urban drainage approaches, and 2) identifying the role each variable plays in implementing these approaches in Tehran in the current situation. Figure 1 shows the research structure diagram.Figure 1Research Structure Diagram, Source: (Authors)Materials and MethodsIdentifying of disciplines and main variables of the nature-based urban drainage approaches by Expert Panel MethodDisciplines and main variables of the nature-based urban runoff management approaches were extracted from literature review of new approaches and guidelines and finalized by Expert Panel Method as follow:• Urban landscape: Street Profile, Adjacent Land Use, Activity, Planting;• Facility: Underground Utilities, Overhead Utilities;• Soil: Surface Permeability, Ground Sinkhole;• Water: Runoff Pathway, Runoff Speed and Volume;• Environment : Runoff Purification, Garbage; and• Socio-economy: Social Acceptance, Social Participation, Social Behavior, Security, Economic Feasibility.Then a theoretical model of the disciplines and variables was developed. (Figure 2)Figure 2Proposed theoretical model of the disciplines and variables of implementing nature-based urban drainage approachesCross Impact Analysis with MicMac To identifying of disciplines and main variables of the nature-based urban drainage approaches, and the role each variable plays in implementing these approaches in Tehran in the current situation, a questionnaire was designed based on the proposed theoretical model. To test the content validity of the questionnaire, Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was used. The formula of content validity ratio is CVR=(Ne - N/2)/(N/2), in which the Ne is the number of panelists indicating "essential" and N is the total number of panelists. The numeric value of content validity ratio is determined by Lawshe Table. In this research CVR=0.75 and the panel size was 8. Therefore, the questionnaire had face validity. 16 urban runoff drainage specialist from different disciplines answered the questionnaire. Then collected data analyzed by Cross Impact Analysis (CIA) method using MicMac software tool. Hence, the research approach of this paper is mixed qualitative and quantitative. Discussion of ResultsUsing MicMac software, the runoff management variables have been categorized into four quarters based on their influential and dependence power, as shown in Figure 3.Figure 3Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MicMac) analysis of variables of implementation of landscape-based urban runoff management approach in local streets of TehranAnalyzing figure 3 indicates: • Influential variable (top left quarter): runoff speed and volume;• Linkage variables (top right quarter): street profile, land use, activities, planting, and economic feasibility;• Dependence variables (bottom right): Social Behavior, Security, and Surface Permeability;• Autonomous variables (bottom left): Ground Sinkhole, Underground Utilities, Overhead Utilities, Runoff Pathway, and Runoff Purification; and• Regulative variables (center): Garbage, Social Acceptance, and Social Participation.ConclusionThe cross impact analizing results which taken by use of experts viewpoints and technically derived by MicMac, shown that ‘runoff speed and volume’ as influential variable with other five variables ‘street profile’, ‘land use’, ‘activities’, ‘planting’, and ‘economic feasibility’ as linkage variables that play important role in functionality and stability of nature-based methods, are the main variables which should be attended for runoff management in Tehran’s local streets. The results asserted the other variables are not determinant and priority and don’t play and important role in present situation. Overlapping the result of cross impact analyze and presented theoretical model in this research shows that water science discipline, because of runoff speed and volume defined as influential variable, and urban landscape discipline, according to determinant role of its variables on stability and function of nature-based approach, are two core disciplines which play an important role in implementation of nature based approach in local streets urban drainage. Also the results emphasis on use of economical knowledge for feasibility study of applying the mentioned methods. However should be considered that the result of research is just embraced the local streets of Tehran and could not be generalized for other type of streets and roads and for other cities.

Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the high rate of mortality due to the disease, it seems that performing COVID-19 preventive behaviors is a suitable solution to reduce the damage caused by the disease. Since office employees are at the high risk of morbidity, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on the promotion of COVID-19 preventive behaviors in the office employees in Bajestan City, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

This study was a randomized controlled trial with a control group. 164 employees working in governmental offices in Bajestan were selected using multi-stage random sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The designed educational program based on the PMT was conducted for the experimental group for one month, and the measurements were taken in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up using a questionnaire designed to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors based on PMT. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The mean age was 38.21 ± 6.44 years in the experimental group and 36.73 ± 5.18 years in the control group. The majority of subjects in the experimental group (65, 79.3%) and in the control group (58, 70.7%) were men. The results of repeated measures ANCOVA indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of all constructs of PMT (P < 0.05) after adjusting the effect of pre-test scores. But significance of correlation between time and educational group in all constructs except self-efficacy suggested that the effect of educational intervention on these constructs varied over time.

The results of this study support the effectiveness of educational intervention in changing attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 prevention based on PMT.

This paper examines the level of attention to water sensitive urban design approach in Iran, leading to two questions: a) What are the objectives of WSUD? b) To what extent is attention paid to the objectives of WSUD in teaching landscape architecture and urban design fields? The research methodology of this research is combined (qualitative-quantitative). In the first step of the research, the qualitative strategy and content analysis method were used to extract the main and secondary objectives of WSUD from resources. Then, the extracted objectives were examined as measured components, based on the opinions of the panel of experts. In the second step, in order to evaluate the level of attention to the objectives of WSUD in the academic education in landscape architecture and urban design fields, the opinions of academicians in landscape architecture and urban design were collected. In the third step of the research, Shannon quantitative entropy strategy was used to analyze the answers to the questionnaires. Shannon entropy is one of the quantitative methods based on multi-criteria decision making and has an important role in information theory for data processing in content analysis. The analysis of the answers to the questionnaires using Entropy Method shows that among the five main components of WSUD, in urban design and landscape architecture education, the performance component is much more important than other components and the two components of water amenity and water supply are in second rank, water quality is in third place and water quantity is in the fourth position. Among the 20 sub-components, the weight of 14 components (equivalent to 70% of the components) is the same and insignificant, which shows that little attention is paid to them in the process of landscape architecture and urban design education in Iran. The results indicate that the components with quantitative nature have a low position in landscape architecture and urban design education, while many of the qualitative components had attained higher weight than the quantitative components. This shows that the education of landscape architecture and urban design in Iran, especially in water field, is mainly based on theoretical concepts and qualitative issues, and is not successful in preparing graduates of these fields to face the challenges in real projects. To close this gap, it is recommended to review the course descriptions of these two fields and determine how to enhance the knowledge of the teachers about the importance of water for further studies.

Rudani (= Rūdāni) Dialect is spoken in Rudan county of Hormozgan province. The center of this county is Rudan city, located 90 kms away from BandarAbbas, the capital of Hormozgan province. Rudan is restricted to Hajiabad from north, to Faryab from the northeast, to Kerman province from the east, and to Minab from the southeast and south. Rudani dialect has several varieties, including Jaghini, Pakuhi, Rudkhanei, Berentini, Abnemayi and Khuraji.
Rudani is a sub-branch of Bashakardi (Baškardi) dialect group, and hence, genealogically belongs to the new south-west Iranian dialects. Gershevitch divides Bashkardi dialects into 3 subdivisions: 1. Dialects outside of Baškard proper; 2. North Bashkardi 3. South Baškardi. According to him, Rudani as well as Minabi, Bandari and Rudbari, belongs to the first subdivision. (quoted by Skjærvø, 1988: 846)
This research aims at describing the verb conjugation system in this dialect.

This study is based on the descriptive analysis method with a synchronic approach. The data, that is the linguistic corpus of Rudani, was mainly collected through interviewing with informants. These informants were male and female native speakers living in the area, chosen from different age and education status. Analyzing the data, the verb conjugation system of verb was described, including verb components (stem and inflectional affixes), types of verb according to tense, mode, aspect, voice as well as word formation. Modal verbs were also discussed.

3-1. verb components 3-1-1. stem: verb has 3 stems: present stem (also denominative and causative), past stem (also secondary) and perfect stem (past active participle and past passive participle). Causative affix is -on, attaching to the non-causative present stem. Secondary past stem is made by adding -id and rarely -(e)st or -âd to the present stem. 3-1-2. Inflectional affixes of the verb: be- and its allomorphs bo- and bi- are used for subjunctive and imperative modes. The continuity prefix is a-. In present perfect continuous, -ē comes after the personal endings. Na- and its other allomorph, ne-, are used for negation. The negation prefix for the imperative is ma- and me-. Personal endings are -om, -ī and -t(e) for singular, and -eng, -ē and -end for plural. 3-2. verbal derivatives The suffix for infinitive is -en which attaches to the past stem. Past active participle and past passive participle that are also the perfect stem, are formed by adding -a, respectively to the past stem of intransitive and transitive verbs. 3-3. tense, mode and aspect Present indicative and present subjunctive are made respectively by a- and be- + present stem + personal endings. Present progressive is made by a- + the infinitive + present enclitic forms of hasten, ‘to be’. Imperative is only for 2nd person, and is made by present stem and the personal endings, -Ø (singular) and -ē (plural). Past conjugation for transitive verbs is different from that of the intransitive; Transitive verbs have the ergative structure somehow. The enclitic personal pronouns have the function of the personal endings, and come at the end of the past stem as the personal endings do. They can also attach to some words before the verb, such as the subject, object, adverb, negation prefix. Simple past is made by past stem + personal endings (intransitive) or the enclitic personal pronouns (transitive). In continuous aspect, a- comes before the simple past. In present perfect of intransitive verbs, present enclitic forms of hasten, ‘to be’ follow the perfect stem but in the case of the transitive verbs, present perfect is made by the perfect stem + the enclitic personal pronouns + -e, present 3rd person singular of hasten, ‘to be’. In the continuous aspect, a- precedes the stem and -ē comes after the personal endings. In past perfect of intransitive verbs, past enclitic forms of hasten, ‘to be’ follow the perfect stem but in the case of the transitive verbs, past perfect is made by the perfect stem + the enclitic personal pronouns + -a, past 3rd person singular of hasten, ‘to be’. Past subjunctive is only for the intransitive verbs, which is made by perfect stem + present subjunctive of the auxiliary verb, buden, ‘to be’. Passive voice is made by perfect stem + the auxiliary verb buden, ‘to become’ appropriate to the tense, mode and aspect. hasten, ‘to be’ in present indicative has enclitic forms, composed of present stem, h-, and personal endings. Personal endings attach to hast- and make the free forms. In past tense, hasten also has enclitic forms, composed of past stem, ar-, and personal endings. These enclitic forms attach to hast- and make the free forms. The conjugation of xâsten, ‘to want’ and butesten, ‘can, to be able’ in present tense is similar to that of the transitive verbs in past tense; Personal pronouns are used instead of personal endings. 3-4. Modal verbs xâsten, ‘to want’ and butesten, ‘can, to be able’ are personal modal verbs. The main verb is present subjunctive. Bāya, ‘must’ is impersonal. The main verb is either present subjunctive, past perfect or past continuous. 3-5. types of verbs according to word formation There are 4 types: simple, derivative, compound and phrasal. Verb derivational prefixes are dar-, fer-, vor-, vâ- and vo-. The most frequently used verbs in making compound verbs are respectively kerden, ‘to do’, zaden, ‘to beat’, buden, ‘to be, to become’, dâden, ‘to give’, vā geten, ‘to take’ and gesten, ‘to throw’.

According to the description given, on the conjugation system of verb, the most important features of Rudani can be summarized as follows. verb stems are similar to those of Persian, regarding the type and formation. Rudani has the prefix of continuity a- instead of mi-. Using -ē as the suffix of continuity in present perfect, is one of the characteristics of Rudani. In Rudani hasten, ‘to be’ has two form, both in present and past: enclitic foms and free forms.Rudani lacks future verbs; present tense is used for future either.The construction of present progressive by means of the infinitive is a charactristic of Rudani and other Bashkardi dialects. This verb which is made in Persian with the auxiliary verb dâštan ‘to have’ is a newly borrowed construction.The main feature in the conjugation system of the verb is the use of ergative construction in the past tense of the transitive verbs. In this construction, enclitic personal pronouns have the function of the personal endings and are an integral part of the verb; Even when the subject is mentioned, they are not deleted. There are only 3 modal verbs. Unlike Persian, the main verb does not appear as infinitive. Rudani and Persian have the same types of the verb according the word formation.

Breast Self-examination (BSE) is one of the effective ways of early diagnosis of breast cancer. This study surveyed the effect of a BSE training program and intervention on women referred to health centers in Gonabad, Iran.

In this field trial study, 140 married women aged 20-49 from Gonabad were chosen randomly and divided into two groups of control and experiment. The BSE skill was examined in both groups before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests like analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test, and multivariate ANOVA in significant level of α = 0.05.

The mean age of the participants was 37.27 ± 6.69 years. Before the the intervention, nearly half of the women in both groups had not performed BSE or they were not familiar with its proper technique. After the intervention, the evaluation score of the BSE skill increased significantly in the experiment group (P < 0.050). The follow up controls after three months showed statistically significant effect of the intervention (P < 0.001), but changes in the control group were not significant.

Training interventions based on the BSE technique was effective in promoting self-care and early diagnosis of breast cancer among women. Thus, it is essential to design a BSE training program and integrate it into the National Women's Health Program.

In this paper, a quantitative-qualitative methodology has been used through the Futures Study approach in order to identify the factors affecting tourism development in Iran. Four main steps have been taken to this end. These steps are: (1) extracting factors from written sources, (2) holding expert panels to analyze factors, (3) identifying interactions between factors by experts, and (4) software analysis to determine factor interactions. The findings of this study show that "statistics and information" and "zoning" are factors affecting tourism development and "organization" and "management" have a regulatory role in tourism development. In order to achieve a balanced development in the field of tourism and carry out zoning and determining the capability of each area of the country in the field of tourism at different national and international scales, statistics and information should be updated and efficient. Accordingly, serious attention to management structures and, if necessary, their modification and improvement can help Iran develop its tourism industry.

Nutrition is one of the factors affecting children’s health and empowering mothers is the most important way to prevent underweight. This study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior on the nutritional education of mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months in Gonabad City, Iran.

The study was of a field trial type carried out on 93 mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months. The mothers were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The data collection instruments included two researcher-made questionnaires whose validity and reliability were established and were self-administered. The intervention was performed based on the above-mentioned models. The data were collected immediately and three months after the intervention and were analyzed through SPSS software (version 22, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), using analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Bonferroni test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, and Shapiro Wilk test at 0.050 level of significance.

The mothers’ mean age was 31.24 years old in the three groups and they were homogeneous with regard to other demographic variables. After the intervention, all the constructs of both models, except for the perceived barrier construct, in the two experimental groups showed a significant increase in comparison with those of the control group.

The educational intervention based on the theory and model had a considerable effect on increasing mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the factors affecting underweight. The results also showed that the theory of planned behavior was more effective than the health belief model.

 Fertility is an important factor for population growth and its proportion. Regarding the overall decrease in the total fertility rate in Iran and reaching below the replacement rate, this study aimed at determining the effect of the education based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on women’s fertility intention.

This interventional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women of reproductive age covered by the Gonabad community health centers. The subjects were selected through two-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups (n=50 per group). Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 20 and Independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test.

 There was no significant difference between the demographic characteristics of the subjects in the experimental and control groups. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean score of the theoretical constructs between the two groups. After the intervention, the mean score of attitude (P=0.014), perceived behavioral control (P=0.042), and behavioral intention (P=0.005) were significantly different between the two groups.

 The results showed that the educational intervention based on TPB could positively affect the fertility intention of single-child women. Hence, it is suggested to use this model in educational programs related to population growth policy and to plan interventions encouraging couples to have another child.

Brucellosis is one of the most common animal-to-human transmissible diseases and one of the major health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on Theory of Planned Behavior on preventive behaviors concerning with brucellosis in farmers.

This research is a quasi-experimental study with two groups of intervention and control. The target population of the ranch was covered by Zaveh Comprehensive Rural Health Service Centers, using multistage random sampling method, 104 individuals were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=52) and control (n=52). A researcher-made questionnaire based on Structured Theory of Planned Behavior was used for data collection. Its validity and reliability were confirmed before the study. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher tests and SPSS  24.

Demographic variables were homogeneous in both groups. Also, the mean scores of all the constructs of the theory of planned behavior in the immediately after the intervention and three months after the intervention were significantly different between the control and intervention groups (P-value <0.001).

The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory of planned behavior in prevention of brucellosis. According to the results of this study, the theory of planned behavior can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions to prevent and control joint diseases between humans and animals, especially brucellosis.

Brahui dialect of south Roudbar is a common dialect in "Tom-meyri" village, located in south Ruedbar city in Kerman province. This dialect is one of the non-Iranian dialects that is exist in Iran. Most of them live in Sistan and Baluchistan province, but a minority group with fewer than 1,000 people live in south Ruedbar , And some of them live in Faryab city in southern of Kerman province. This dialect is one of the species of Brahui language, belonging to the Dravidian family. The subject of this article is the descriptive study of phonomes in this dialect and its purpose is to recognize and introduce phoneme system in that. The research area is Tom-meyri. The data of this research have been gathered from different levels of educated and age male and female speakers in the fieldwork and interviews with them. Then, by extracting the phonemes and using substitution, their phonological examination, along with numerous examples, is discussed. Each phoneme has been attempted to contrast with the phoneme with the same place and method of production.

Choosing an appropriate education method plays an important role in learning, skill training, change of learners’ attitude, and ultimately their satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of application of Team-Based Learning method on learning and satisfaction of Public Health students in the health education and communication course.
This interventional study was carried out on two groups of continuous and non-continuous BSc students of public health. A total of 23 students of the continuous public health selected the Team-Based Learning method and 14 students of the non-continuous public health selected conventional method (lecture). In the last session of the class, the level of student's satisfaction of teaching method, was collected and compared using a valid and reliable questionnaire in both groups. At the end of the semester, the obtained scores of the two groups in the health education and communication course, were compared between the two groups, and 6 and months after the end-of-semester exam, questions of the exam, were applied to both groups and the obtained scores ,were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive indices and Mann–Whitney test at the significance level of 0.05.
In this study, there was a significant difference between the two training groups in terms of the mean satisfaction score (p According to the results of this study, use of team-based Learning method has been more successful compared to the traditional method in increasing students’ satisfaction, and the level of learning achieved by this method was higher based on the students’ scores

Nutritional awareness and other factors affecting blood pressure, and also perception of self-care in hypertension are important factors for controlling blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting self-care in patients with hypertension.
In this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 315 hypertensive patients in Qom city, were selected from patients referring to health centers using multistage sampling. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire: demographic information and self-care. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and Duncan's test.
The mean age of the patients was 53.59 years and the duration of the disease was 7.54 years. Only 5.1% of the patients had removed salt from their diet during the whole week, and 27.9% of the patients had performed no sport activities during the week; 4.1% had never used their medicines on time; Self-care status was reported to be poor in 27.9% of the subjects, in 68.6% moderate, and in 3.5% good. The mean self-care score was not significantly different from gender and marital status, and family history, but had a significant difference with education, occupation, family history of high blood pressure, and history of receiving educational program (p According to the results, the status of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension is not at appropriate level. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the severity and seriousness of these behaviors and possible complications in the educational program with taking into account the above issue.

Aims: Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) is one method for early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in promoting BSE of women in Gonabad, IRAN.
In this clinical trial study, 140 married women aged 20–49 years from Gonabad were chosen randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. Educational needs were determined and the curriculum was developed and presented in 5 sessions. BSE behavior was studied using the constructs of planned behavior theory before, immediately and 3 months after training. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20, using ANOVA, T-test student, Chi-square and multivariate analysis of variance and significant level was set at α=05.0
Findings: The mean age of the subjects was 37.27 ± 6.69 years. After intervention, the average score of BSE skill increased from 17.89 to 18.26 and the mean scores of theoretical constructs in the intervention group increased significantly (P0.05).
This study showed that educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was effective in promoting BSE behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that educational interventions to be designed specifically for and consistent with the constructs of the theory of planned behavior.

Breast cancer is considered as a serious health concern worldwide. The early diagnosis of this disease plays an important role in reducing its associated mortality rate. Regarding this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of training in changing the breast self-examination behavior among the females living in Gonabad, Iran.
This field trial was conducted on 140 married women within the age range of 20-49 years in Gonabad in 2016. The study population was selected using simple random sampling technique, and then assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group was subjected to breast self-examination training. The breast self-examination behavior was investigated using the Stages of Change Model. The participants filled out a questionnaire, covering the demographic information and the stages of changes, before, immediately after, and three months after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 20) using statistical tests, such as repeated measures ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Findings: According to the results, the majority of the women in both intervention and control groups were in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages prior to the intervention. The results of the Chi-square test revealed no significant difference in change stages before the intervention (P=0.609). However, immediately and three months after the training, most of the subjects in the intervention group moved to action and maintenance stages, while in the control group, the majority of the women were in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages.
As the findings indicated, educational intervention based on the stages of change model was effective in the improvement of breast self-examination behaviors. Moreover, training based on this model could lead to the promotion of screening behaviors depending on the stage of changes at which the women are.

Ardestan dialect which is one of the dialects of the northern branch of the group of languages ​​and the dialect of the new Western Iran is common in the central part of Ardestan city of Isfahan province. This dialect alongside the Zoroastrian dialect of Yazd and Kerman, the dialect of Kalimian Yazd and Kerman, as well as, Anarak and Zafra dialects is located in the southeastern group of central dialects of Iran. This article is devoted to verb inflection in which categories such as, stem inflectional affixes, identifiers, the way of constructing different tenses & cases are investigated as well. The required dialect corpus is collected through interviews with male and female speakers of various sex and educational groups. According to this research, the most important feature of this dialect is the distinction between transitive & intransitive verbs in past tense inflection & application of ergative-absolutive construction in the transitive pasts. Passive construction by using passive stem is rarely observed in the speech of some speakers.