محمد ناصری

 Satureja hortensis L. is an annual herbaceous plant of the mint family that has numerous raised or creeping stems or arched stems with a height of 10 to 30 cm. The height of this plant reaches a maximum of 60 cm. The stems and branches are usually covered with hairs. The leaves are opposite, have short or almost no petioles. The leaves are opposite, the petioles are short or almost without petioles, there are many small spots on the surface of the leaf called the tuber, which contains the essential oil. Knowledge of environmental, plant and agro-factors play an important role in the success of medicinal plants. One of the factors affecting the growth and development and production of active ingredients of medicinal and aromatic plants is water, the lack of which has a greater effect on reducing production than other inputs. Drought stress is an important global constraint on agricultural production and food security. Recently, there has been a growing interest in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and exploring alternative methods for producing high-quality crops. This is particularly important in arid and semi-arid regions like most parts of Iran, where soil nutrient levels are often low. The use of biofertilizers can help strengthen plants and promote sustainable crop production. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of salicylic acid foliar application, Mycorrhiza-Azotobacter bio-fertilizers, and drought stress on the morphological and physiological characteristics of summer savory, a medicinal plant.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate some traits of summer savory in response to biological fertilizers, salicylic acid and drought stress in Zamanabad village of Rey city (Tehran province) during 2018 and 2017. This experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications, as a factorial split plot. The main factor was irrigation, with three levels including soil moisture potential (as a control), potential of -5.5 atmospheres as medium stress, and potential of -10 atmospheres as severe stress. Sub-factors included four levels of biological fertilizers: No inoculation, seed inoculation with Azotobacter strain, seed inoculation with Mycorrhiza, and concomitant use of Azotobacter + Mycorrhiza. Salicylic acid was also considered at two levels: no foliar application and foliar application with a concentration of 0.6 mM. The following plant characteristics were studied: plant height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll content, proline content, percentage, and essential oil yield. At full flowering stage, the plants were harvested and placed in an oven at 75 ° C for 24 hours to measure the dry weight of roots and shoots. 10 g of leaves and flowering twigs from each replicate were transferred to the laboratory to measure physiological traits. SAS 9.4 software was used to perform a two-year combined analysis of variance for the recorded traits. To ensure the uniformity of variance of errors, the Bartlett uniformity test of variance was performed based on the mean squares and the degree of error freedom in two years. Mean traits were also compared using the least significant difference test (LSD) at the 5% probability level.
The results showed that the effect of drought stress, fertilizer and salicylic acid treatments on the studied traits of plant height and shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll content, percentage and yield of essential oil and proline content were significant. Salicylic acid and the combined application of Azotobacter + mycorrhiza increased plant height, plant dry weight and root, as well as increased chlorophyll content, proline, percentage and yield of safflower essential oil under drought stress. According to the results of this experiment, it can be argued that the response of plant height, plant dry weight and essential oil yield to the increase in drought stress levels was negative, but the root dry weight, total chlorophyll, proline and essential oil percentage were the opposite response. The highest amount of these traits was observed in severe stress conditions and the combined application of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + Mycorrhiza) and salicylic acid 0.6 mM had a positive and increasing effect compared to other levels of bio-fertilizer and salicylic acid in The studied traits of the present study were observed.
According to the results of this experiment, the application of bio-fertilizers and foliar application of salicylic acid causes dehydration and dehydration, as well as the presence of essential oils, nutrients, and the quality of summer safflower under drought stress.

Study of foundation bearing capacity and slope stability has always been a common and practical issue in geotechnical engineering. The combination of these two problems in the presence of pore water pressure adds to the complexity of the problem. In the present study, the effect of pore water pressure on the three-dimensional stability of slopes under concentrated load or the bearing capacity of rectangular foundations located in the vicinity of slopes has been investigated. Then, using a circular rupture mechanism and generalization of the program, the problem is analyzed by the upper boundary limit analysis method, taking into account the pore water pressure in three dimensions. In this regard, with the expansion of the Rosas program as an infrastructure program, it has been able to consider the parameters related to water pressure. Considering that the effective variables, foundation and slope geometry, foundation distance from the sloping edge and soil strength parameters include adhesion and internal friction angle of the soil, the mentioned variables have been analyzed to calculate the bearing capacity of the foundation located on the slope. In the discussion of the bearing capacity of the foundation located on the slope, as the foundation moves away from the edge of the gable, the effect of increasing the pore water pressure on the reduction of the bearing capacity of the foundation also increases.

Oral health programs in primary schools in Iran were extended by varnish fluoride therapy in 2015. Having a secured relation and cooperation between parents and schools is very important; while Parents’ knowledge and attitude could be strongly affective. The aim of this study was to shed light on the vague perceptions or beliefs that would prohibit parents to include their children in oral health program in Fardis, Karaj, Iran.
Methods and Materials: During this descriptive study randomly selected students’ mothers from elementary schools participated in group discussions, and shared the reasons and beliefs which would discourage them to enter their children into varnish fluoride therapy program. They also conversed about the sources of their beliefs. A list of the data were developed and used for data analysis.
Results illustrated wide variety of perceptions, rouging from “No need to do varnish fluoride therapy in schools” to “Fluoride can be cancerous”. Some other statements included “Developed countries don’t have such programs” and “Fluoride Therapy can harm the kids”; however, the most common beliefs amongst mothers were “Fluoride Therapy decreases kids’ intelligence”. Furthermore, dentists, social media, and online Search Engines were the main sources of mothers’ knowledge.
Discussion and Dentists can have an essential rule on oral health education, and the oral health of the community can hugely benefit from appropriate program and continuous education. Never the less this requires great attention from related authorities.

Numerous studies have emphasized on the importance of developing an ideal educational system for high-quality dental education. The present study sought to assess the perception of dental students on operative dentistry education in Department of Restorative Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 220 students were selected and given a questionnaire including demographic, grades in operative dentistry clinical and didactic courses, the efficacy of preclinical courses in preparing students for clinical practice, ways to improve competency and expertise of students for clinical setting, student’s opinion on relating the assessment tests with the taught topics, required instructional resources for assessment of students’ proficiency in restorative dentistry and satisfaction rate of students with clinical courses offered in the current curriculum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (SPSS 18). The Clinical Operative Dentistry 3 and Preclinical Dental Anatomy received a mean satisfaction score of 3.31 and 2.74, respectively. Furthermore, 57.3% of students highly emphasized the necessity of studying textbooks of restorative dentistry. 50.5% of students believe that lectures by instructors along with active participation of students were the best method for didactic operative dentistry courses. In addition, 60.5% were in favor of using a combination of textbooks, lectures, and class notes for the assessment of students’ learning. The present study revealed that Department of Restorative Dentistry in Shahid Beheshti Dental School is successful in its teaching and achieving students’ satisfaction. However, some revisions need to be made in educational methods and contents and active participation of students in class discussions should be encouraged as well.