فهرست مطالب محمد نیکروان

The aim of this study was to design a model for development of personal social responsibility of professional athletes in Iran. The method of the study was qualitative research based on Grounded theory, and the Strauss-Corbin model was used to identify the phenomenon and collect data through interviews. The research participants were experts and researchers in the field of social responsibility and sport management, and professional coaches and athletes, were selected using snowball sampling method. The data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews that continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The validity of the research was confirmed by showing the process of analyzing the interviews to the experts and research reliability in terms of methodology and content, the accuracy of different aspects of research from collection to data analysis, was investigated by asking two experts who had no connection to the research. Findings showed causal factors: social culture, social status, sports privileges, sports philosophy; Underlying factors: ethics, spirituality, organizational support, family-centered, responsibility; Interfering factors: awareness, planning, support, macro limitations; Central phenomenon: participation, empathy, authority, benevolent presence, communication, support for the deprived, environmental support, appreciation. Also strategies: social relations, support, awareness, motivation, validation, planning; Implications also include: athlete brand, health-oriented sport, social improvement and culture building. Implementing the athlete’s social responsibility model and focusing on development of its components, sports managers can influence the athletes participation and subsequently the participation of the society in social activities and achieve the social goals of sports in society. The application of the model is important since knowing the relationships between the factors of the model can give managers and athletes a better understanding and have a more scientific view of the phenomenon in question.

This article is designed with the aim of designing a model of the success of the sports expedition convoy of the Iranian military in the 2023 Sizem tournament. This issue can help improve the sports performance of this caravan.

The present research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative type. In the qualitative stage, by using the foundational data theory, the factors affecting the success of the system have been identified. In the quantitative stage, with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, these factors have been confirmed. The statistical population of this research is all the sports experts of the Olympic military champions or Sizm. Information was collected by in-depth interview method.

The results showed that the success of the sports caravan of Iran's military in the 2023 Syzem tournament depends on optimal governance and operational strategies. These factors are affected by causal, contextual and intervening conditions. Also, the use of appropriate strategies leads to the development of human capital and the development of socio-economic capital.

Using a combined qualitative-quantitative approach, this article has identified and analyzed the causal categories and the factors affecting the success of the sports convoy of the Iranian military in the 2023 Sizem competitions. This article can be used as a theoretical model for planning and implementing military sports activities in international competitions. Also, this article can be considered as a basis for conducting future research in this field.

The media is considered as one of the most influential factors in attracting viewers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach. This research is based on a quantitative method, based on exploratory implementation path and applied purpose. Participants included all experts in sports management and media management, and in a small part included all football coaches, football managers, players, referees, journalists in football leagues and media communication experts, as well as the audience of the country's Premier Football League, which numbered 384 people (with emphasis on Sample adequacy were the formula for determining the sample size of Cochran). The sampling method in this study was stratified random. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire evaluating the performance of emerging media in relation to the Premier Football League. The construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by heuristic factor analysis and hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha of the instrument using structural equation method. Data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance and modeling based on SLPS software. Based on the obtained results, considering the three values of 0.02, 0.15 and 0.35 as values indicating the predictive power of the model for GoF, the calculated value of 0.563 indicates a strong overall fit of the model.

(The present research was conducted with the purpose of building and validating the questionnaire of emerging sports media.) (The method of the current research was descriptive of the correlation type and confirmatory factor analysis type, and it was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research consisted of all experts and experts in the field of sports and media with a bachelor's degree or higher in the year 1400. A simple number of 384 people (with emphasis on the adequacy of the Cochran sample size formula) was selected as a statistical sample.) (The results showed that the newly developed sports media questionnaire has 62 questions and 7 components (information, social participation, educational nature, culture building, media independence, legitimacy and motivational nature) and in terms of psychometric It has good reliability, validity and fit.) (Considering the importance of emerging sports media, factor analysis questionnaire of emerging sports media can be used for identification and studies related to emerging sports media.)

military sports have special complexity and characteristics that require new analytical models and methods to identify factors affecting the success of military athletes. In this research, we presented a theoretical model using foundational data theory to identify and analyze these factors in the sports convoy of the Iranian military in the 2023 Sizem tournament.

This research is a survey type. The statistical population and statistical sample of this research includes military sports caravans participating in the 2023 Sysem competitions. Random sampling method was used to select the sample. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews and were analyzed using the foundation's data analysis method. Statistical software such as SPSS was used for data analysis.

The data analysis showed that physiological, psychological and social factors are the key factors affecting the success of military sports caravans. We presented a theoretical model based on the obtained results to identify and analyze these factors in the military sports convoy in the 2023 Syzem tournament.

The results of this research show the importance of physiological, psychological, and social factors in the sports success of military personnel and the need to provide resources and budgets to improve these factors. Also, increasing awareness and sports culture in the military community and paying attention to the mental and physical health of soldiers can help improve their performance and success in sports competitions.

The purpose of this research was to future studies the critical drivers of Iranian sports network governance in the horizon of 2035.

The current research strategy is prospective and has been carried out in three steps. The participants of this research were experts. The selection of these people was purposeful, and 19 people were selected based on the criteria of expertise. In this research, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data, and Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation indices were used to evaluate the research, including validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. To analyze the data in the interview analysis section (first step) using the coding method, in the area determining the importance and uncertainty (second step) using the arithmetic mean and in the future research section (third step) using the structural analysis method with The help of MICMAC software was used.

The findings showed that the future of network governance of Iranian sports in the horizon of 2035 is affected by 14 variables. Still, only four variables of actor relationships, network centrality, and consensus-centeredness network management are the key drivers of the future of network governance in. They change the sport.

Therefore, the result of network synergy between the mentioned drivers is suggested to create a desirable future in the field of network governance in Iranian sports.

Observing ethical principles in sports requires effort, having a strong personality, knowledge and understanding of ethical principles, correct understanding of situations and opportunities, heartfelt faith and respect for social norms. Due to this important, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ethical behavior on success in sports with regard to the moderating role of patience among track and field athletes.               

The design of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The population of the present study was all the elite track and field athletes of the country, from which 330 people were selected as a sample group by random sampling method. The tool for analyzing the questionnaires was the ethical behavior scale and patience and success in sports. Finally, the data were analyzed by structural equation method in Amoss software.

The results of this study show that moral behavior (5.36) and patience (5.28) have a positive and significant effect on success in sports among track and field athletes and the higher the level of moral behavior and patience, the higher the success rate. It also increases in sports. (0.61) and the results also showed that the variable of patience modulates the relationship between moral behavior and success in sports.

By strengthening patience and moral behavior, increased success in sports in order to achieve the goal in elite athletes. And sports psychologists, coaches, sports experts, and athletes are advised to use ethical behavior and patience strategies to increase success.

The purpose of this study was to design a comprehensive model for human resource management with an entrepreneurial approach. The method of the present study was mixed research. In this research, the foundation data method was used in the qualitative section. The statistical population of this research was senior managers of sports organizations, including managers of sports and youth departments and sports teams of Lorestan province. The number of statistical samples in the qualitative part was selected based on the purposeful method and 20 people and in the quantitative part the statistical sample included 289 people. Data collection tools included a semi-structured interview and a closed questionnaire. In order to analyze the qualitative data, coding was used as open, axial and selective coding and in a quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that the causal conditions include the attitude and responsibility of sports organizations to entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial resource management is a central phenomenon; Strategies Having individual and organizational strategies; Interfering conditions for having an administrative and management system; Underlying conditions are the development and encouragement of entrepreneurship and the consequences are individual and organizational development. The final model of this research can be considered as a guide and model in the field of human resource management in sports organizations by sports managers.

Sports development should be in line with better design and more effective ways to promote and increase interest, Karate is one of the hopes of winning a medal in the upcoming Olympics; The purpose of this study is the designing a developmental model of the contextual factors of the karate championship sport of the Iran. It is a combined exploratory mixed study. The first phase (qualitative phase) was a qualitative study using grounded theory method. The participants of the study were selected from the experts in the Karate field of the country. Data were collected through the semi-structured interviews. Then, the data were analyzed through grounded theory method. The second phase of the study (quantitative phase) was done quantitatively using structural equation modeling method. For this purpose, 21questions of the questionnaire were used based on the model of sport for all in Iran. The samples were selected among the Iranian athletes, coaches, sport staff involved in Karate Premier League using stratified random sampling method and 278participants were selected based on Morgan table.The data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling through using LISREL software. The results showed the special role of cultural, social, economic, political, international and environmental factors in order to provide a suitable contextual for the development of the karate in Iran. The results of the present study pointed out the environmental factors and its priorities for planning of managers in order to achieve the desired level of development of Iranian karate championship.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two leadership styles sports on sports motivation among the students. The population included 2056 female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group involved task-oriented motivational climate (participatory and voluntary activities) while the second experimental group experienced the self- oriented motivational climate (competitive and compulsory activities) and The control group kept up doing the usual physical education program in school . the sports motivation questionnaire Malta et al (2007) was used to collect the data. Kruskal-wallis and will coxon statistical tests were identified, sports motivation including: intrinsic motivation, Integrated regulation, External regulation and decreased amotivation was raised significantly on account of creating a motivational climate according to task-oriented method. but meaning growth statistically was not observed in the other two groups, Therefore participation in physical activities through creating a task-oriented motivational climate to plays an important role in responding to their motivational needs and persistence in sports experiences

This research using a mixed approach was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the motivations of fans to follow the pages of Premier League clubs in social media. The research was applied in terms of purpose and carried out in a descriptive-survey way. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes university professors familiar with virtual space and fandom, as well as selected fans of Persepolis and Esteghlal sports clubs. In order to select the interviewees, the purposeful sampling method was used; This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally, 20 people were selected as samples. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part of the research included all fans who follow the pages of Persepolis (7.8 million people) and Esteghlal (3.5 million people) on Instagram. The maximum number of samples (384 people) was used based on Morgan's table by random group sampling method. The research tools to ghater data was semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire with 24 items and 4 main components in the form of a Likert scale. Open, axial, and selective coding was used to examine the data of the qualitative part, and the method of structural equation modeling was used in the quantitative part. The results showed that the fans' motivations for following Premier League clubs' pages on social media are: information and awareness, identity, social and entertainment, respectively. Identifying the motivations for following the virtual pages of famous clubs can provide a perspective to other clubs.

Currently, sports is one of the effective educational and moral methods for the young generation and future-builder, whose scientific face is becoming more and more evident day by day. On the other hand, winning in international sports arenas is a useful tool for promoting national pride and international prestige, and for this purpose, every year, spending large amounts of money and human resources, for the advancement of sports and success in the arenas. To be looking at sports as a social necessity and need, and the health and vitality of the society depend on it, and you should try to promote it because it is one of the important social phenomena that is necessary for all ages. Inclination to sports will prevent the young generation from being spoiled and deviant and will eradicate issues and problems such as drug addiction and social anomalies. Sports activities and related environments have always faced various events and incidents for specific reasons. These incidents have started from the least important crimes such as insults and assaults and the most severe ones such as rape and murder. The lack of knowledge of the sports community about the legal consequences of violations and crimes in sports environments due to the lack of training and the absence of written collections that include the types of sports crimes and their punishments has always increased the quantitative and qualitative expansion of crimes. In recent decades, sports has become a big and popular industry in the world, and the legal issues related to it have become more complicated, and on the other hand, athletes generally believe that their illegal actions in sports activities; finally, it ends with disciplinary punishments, which are referred to by the disciplinary committees of sports boards or federations. The range of knowledge of professional sports managers about their responsibilities and knowledge of legal laws is usually not more than this. Knowledge of the set of legal rules and regulations of sports teaches the sports community how to participate in sports activities so that the resulting accidents do not make them aware of the legal responsibilities that ultimately lead to punishment, deprivation of social rights, and compensation and losses. Health-oriented laws should lead to the expansion of public welfare, the elimination of deprivation, and the implementation of justice. Health-related laws are firstly a sign of the genius of a nation, secondly, they are a model of natural laws. In history, nations that have succeeded in establishing the best laws for their society have had legislative and social genius. Knowing the legal rules and regulations of sports is one of the generalities of legal science, just as saving an injured athlete requires knowing first aid. Therefore, knowledge of legal laws is mandatory in the professional empowerment of managers to reduce accidents caused by sports operations. Considering the importance of knowledge of legal laws in reducing the occurrence of accidents caused by sports activities, the study aimed to investigate the role of knowledge of legal laws in empowering professional managers to reduce accidents caused by sports operations.

This study is a mixed type of research in which 25 people were targeted in the qualitative part of the research and the quantitative part with the cooperation of 210 sports administrative managers, sports club managers, coaches, sports teachers, referees, and sports journalists through 33 questionnaires. A researcher-made question was made in Central Province. Quantitative data were evaluated through SPSS software.

In this evaluation, 132 codes were identified, among the identified codes, the lack of legal and disciplinary laws in the program of coaching and arbitration classes with a frequency of 19, the absence of a legal federation with a frequency of 18, and the lack of specialized knowledge of executive directors and staff managers with a frequency of 19. 15, the absence of a specialized court with specialized judges and the non-responsiveness of legal laws and disciplinary regulations with a frequency of 17 were among the most important codes identified.

In general, it can be said that knowledge of legal laws in empowering professional managers has a significant effect on reducing sports accidents in the province, therefore, knowledge of legal laws teaches the sports community how to participate in sports activities so that accidents resulting from them are punishable. It leads to deprivation of social rights and compensation for losses and doesn't pay attention to them. During the implementation of this research, some limitations can be taken into consideration by future researchers. This research was conducted in the area of the role of knowledge of legal laws in empowering professional managers to reduce accidents caused by sports operations, most of the respondents had minimal legal knowledge, and this made the researcher survey a larger number to access the results.

The purpose of this study was to design a human resource development model in sports organizations with an entrepreneurial approach using grounded theory in Lorestan province. Considering philosophical underpinnings of research in interpretive paradigm, in terms of the purpose, the study was part of an exploratory research.

The method of work was qualitative in which grounded theory research strategy with a systematic approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then open, axial and selective coding was performed. The statistical population of the study was the managers of sports organizations in Lorestan province. Due to the theoretical saturation of the data, the participants of the study included 20 senior managers of sports organizations in Lorestan province.

The findings showed that causal conditions consisted of  the attitude and responsibility of sports organizations to entrepreneurship, central conditions included having entrepreneurial resource management and individual and organizational strategies, intervening conditions was composed of administrative and managerial system, contextual conditions comprised of entrepreneurship development and finding incentives for it and finally, consequences were individual and organizational development (job performance, job satisfaction and job quality).

Considering the increasing importance of human resources as an important factor in the transformation of organizations in the era of competition, the continuous development and improvement of human resources and their cultivation seems inevitable. Managers of sports organizations should plan for human resource training and pay special attention to entrepreneurial skills.

Leadership is one of the most important pillars in global competition, and creativity and innovation are valuable resources for gaining a competitive advantage in this field. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation of genuine leadership, individual creativity and gaining competitive advantage by explaining the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Tehran in 2020.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study was the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Tehran in 2020 with 890 people, the number of research samples was equal to 485 people was determined by simple random method by lottery type. Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire, "Authentic Leadership Questionnaire", "Rand Sip's Creativity Questionnaire", "Competitive Advantage Questionnaire" and "Psychological Empowerment Scale". Face validity and reliability were verified by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of instruments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 20 and Amos .16.

Genuine leadership has a positive and significant correlation with employee creativity (0.47) and gaining a competitive advantage (0.47). Also, there is a significant correlation between genuine leadership and psychological empowerment (0.54). On the other hand, psychological empowerment as a mediating variable has a positive and significant correlation with creativity (0.37) and gaining a competitive advantage (0.70). 

Genuine leadership and psychological empowerment correlate positively, meaningfully with creativity and gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, it is suggested that the Ministry of Sports and Youth use programs that empower and strengthen the creativity of employees.

The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate the effect of trust, privacy and service quality on the success of e-customer relationship management in bodybuilding clubs with the role of mediating customer loyalty. The research method was survey. The statistical population of the present study included all customers of sports clubs and physical fitness and health centers in Tehran. Based on Morgan sampling table for the unlimited community, 384 customers of sports clubs were selected. The sampling method in the present study was easily accessible. The research measurement tools included the standard questionnaire of Dehghanipour et al. (2020). In order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation modeling method was used. The whole process of analysis was performed in the form of SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that trust (impact = 0.166; t = 2.037), privacy (impact = 0.436; t = 4.344) and service quality (impact = 0.394; t = 7.740) ) Had a significant effect on customer loyalty. The results also showed that service quality (effect = 0.229; t = 3.494) has a significant effect on the success of electronic customer relationship management; But in the meanwhile, trust (effect = 0.078; t = 1.570) and privacy (effect = 0.094; t = 1.213) did not have a significant effect on the success of electronic customer relationship management. On the other hand, the results of the present study showed that considering the significant effect of loyalty (effect = 0.607; t = 6.680) on the success of e-customer relationship management, it can be stated that loyalty mediates the relationship between trust, privacy and Service quality is successfully associated with e-customer relationship management. For the success of e-customer relationship management in sports, the formation of loyalty is very important and can provide the basis for the implementation of this management.

The recent structures of sport in any countries should be cohesive and comprehensive and the current goals and activities and their consistency should have logical scientific stability.The importance of the activities, goals, programming and the organizational structures must be explicit in the structures and plans of a sport organization. The purpose of this study is to formulate a developmental model of the structural factors of the championship sport of the Karate Federation and it is a combined exploratory mixed study which was done in two steps. The first phase (qualitative phase) was a qualitative study using grounded theory method. The data were collected through the snow ball method, deep and semi-structured interviews.Then, the data resulted from twenty interviews were encoded and analyzed through grounded theorymethod. The data were analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. The second phase of the study (quantitative phase) was done quantitatively using structural equation modeling method.For this purpose, 29 questions of the questionnaire were used based on the model of sport for all in Iran (derived from the qualitative phase of the study).From Karate Premier League 278 participants were selected based on Morgan table. The data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling through using LISREL software. The results show that the media, financial resources, rules and regulations play important roles in top organizational decisions. They also show their special roles in preparing a suitable structure in sport developments of Iranian Karate Premier sport.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of patience dimensions on the success of elite athletics athletes. This research was applied research in terms of purpose and field implementation method in terms of descriptive-correlational analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of all field athletes. The sample size was determined based on the cluster model of 273 elite field runners. Data collection tool included a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation test was used to examine the research model. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and AMOS software. According to the results of the table, it can be said that the path coefficient between patience and success in sports among elite runners is equal to 0.36. Also, the statistical value of t (significant coefficient) for these two variables is equal to 5.28 and because these values Is more than 1.96 96 so this relationship is confirmed. In other words, patience has a positive and significant effect on success in sports among elite runners. And as patience grows, so does your success in sports.

One of the most important challenges of today's managers in organizations is the insufficient use of intellectual resources, mental capacity and potential capacities of human resources; In most organizations, the capabilities of employees are not used optimally and managers are not able to use their potential. Certainly, an organization is more successful if it has a capable and committed workforce, because empowerment is one of the newest techniques to increase effectiveness and efficiency by increasing the commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of human resources. However, in general, psychological competence and individual creativity are among the important variables in people's working lives and can play an important role in individual and organizational growth. Researchers believe that these variables are more individual and can be developed through intervention strategies. In this regard, psycho-individual strategies can be one of the effective strategies on the development of psychological ability and creativity of the individual that can provide the field of mental well-being to the field of mastery of job processes. Psychological education generally refers to a set of complementary therapeutic interventions that operate with a systematic, structured and educational approach to the development of mental and psychological aspects. In fact, this method takes steps to create lasting behavioral changes in the target individuals by providing individual and social educational goals. However, in general, considering the job pressures and increasing burnout, as well as psychological problems of employees and reducing innovation and job creativity in organizations, recognizing appropriate strategies for psychological empowerment and individual creativity is noteworthy and important. Therefore, considering the positive effects of psycho-individual mechanisms on various physical and psychological dimensions and research gap in the field of its effects on psychological competence and individual creativity, the aim of this study is to provide therapeutic solutions based on psycho-individual mechanisms on psychological competence and individual creativity.

This research in terms of Purpose is applied and in terms of how to do it is Descriptive correlation type (regression). The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes the elites in the field of organizational psychology as well as some selected managers of sports and youth departments. The interview continued until reaching theoretical saturation (10 people). The sampling method was purposeful. The statistical population in a small part includes all the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, of course, except for the service staff who are working in this organization in 1399. The statistical population was equal to 890 people and the number of samples was equal to 500 people, of which 485 questionnaires were returned correctly. In this study, three questionnaires have been used, including a questionnaire of treatment strategies based on psycho-individual mechanisms, researcher-made and based on theoretical foundations and interviews with experts (20 items and four components), Spritzer Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) (18 items and Five components) and the Creativity Questionnaire Randsip (1979) (30 items).

To evaluate the fit of the structural model of the research, several criteria are used, the first and most basic of which are the coefficients of significance t or t-values. If the value of these numbers exceeds 0.95, it indicates the correctness of the relationship between the variables and thus confirms the research hypotheses at the confidence level of 1.96. Of course, it should be noted that the numbers only show the correctness of the relationship and the intensity of the relationship between the variables can not be measured with it. The value of R2 is zero for exogenous or independent variables. In this section, the value of R2 is equal to a strong value for the two variables of the research model of individual creativity and psychological empowerment. Q2 value: This criterion for both dependent variables of the research model is more than 0.15, which indicates that the exogenous variables (independent) are moderate in predicting the dependent variable and the proper fit of the structural model of the research is somewhat burdensome. Another confirms. General Model Fit (GOF): The general model includes both the measurement and structural model parts, and by confirming its fit, the fit of the model is checked. Considering the three values of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36, which are introduced as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, in both variables, a value greater than 0.36 was obtained, which indicates a strong overall fit of the model. According to the results of structural equation modeling, the T-value of both relationships in the research model is more than 2.58, so at the level of 0.99, therapeutic strategies based on psycho-individual mechanisms on individual creativity and empowerment it is psychologically influential.

Reason for the effectiveness of psychological interventions is that psychological training disrupts the processing of dysfunctional thoughts and negative biases due to metacognitive monitoring and the person deals with it more consciously, so this leads to changing defective patterns of thinking and training attention control skills. , Increases the preventive aspect of treatment. Psychological training involves maintaining awareness voluntarily and based on attention to specific topics such as bodily emotions from one moment to the next. HoweverWhen the mind is distracted by thoughts, feelings, sounds, and experiences in general, the content of those experiences is memorized and then attention is slowly but surely turned to specific protected goals. This process is repeated many times. In fact, by using psychological techniques such as conscious breathing practice, it can be used again to return to the present. As in the technique of pervasive observation, thoughts are seen only as an object, not necessarily reality itself, and these factors improve coping and regulation of one's emotions. . However, in general, improving the mental and physical condition of individuals through psycho-individual mechanisms by creating favorable physical and psychological conditions for the individual can lead them to focus on career advancement, personal empowerment and increase creativity and innovation. Psycho-individual mechanisms can improve the process of information processing in the mind and provide the conditions for improving cognitive processes such as attention and memory. However, it is suggested that managers and officials of organizations to benefit from the psychological-individual mechanisms of employees. However, some of the limitations of the present study include the corona virus epidemic and difficult access to the statistical population and limited research background.

Trust in the mass media in a world where there is widespread competition for influencing, affecting and changing tastes and cultures of society, is one of the main challenges in the plans and decisions of government and political leaders of each country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model of trust in sports media based on grounded theory. The research was conducted by qualitative and exploratory method. The statistical population consisted of media professionals with university teaching experience or activists in the field of sports and media, sports promotion specialists in the media, sports experts and officials, producers of sports programs and policy makers and sports consultants of IRIB. The sampling method was non-probabily way, and 16 people were selected purposefully with a maximum variety. The measurement tool was unstructured interview, which was based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The amount of 146 initial concepts, 24 axial codes and 5 selective codes were identified based on data analysis. The proposed model was developed according to the views of experts, and its implementation can build public confidence in sports media and ultimately increase the popularity of sports media in all areas.

The study is to determine the causal relationship between market orientation and customer loyalty in terms of the mediating role of service quality in Tehran's fitness clubs. The method of this research was correlation-survey and was a type of applied research that was carried out in the field. The statistical population included all the people who visited the sports clubs of Tehran. According to Morgan table and random sampling, 384 people were selected as the sample of the study. Data were collected by Alper & Associates (2006), Kuw and Kwan Quality of Service Questionnaire (2006) and Dehdashti et al. Customer Loyalty Questionnaire (2012). These questionnaires were approved in terms of formal and content validity. Using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0/83, the service quality questionnaire was 0/79 and customer loyalty was 0/88. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as table, graph, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of slip and elongation test, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used.  The results showed that the customer orientation component had a direct and indirect relationship with customer loyalty through the quality of service intermediary variable. Also, this component was significant between the competitor's tendency toward customer loyalty directly and indirectly through the quality of service mediation variable. The component of the market environment was directly and indirectly related through the mediating variable of service quality with customer loyalty.  Based on the results of the structural equation model, the main model of the research was fitted out and service quality as an intermediary variable was able to mediate between market orientation and customer loyalty, which attracted the effects of market orientation and then transferred it to customer loyalty.

The purpose of this study was the role of social participation and legitimation of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach. The method of field research is purpose-based development-applied. The statistical population included all football coaches, football managers, players, referees, journalists in football leagues and media communication experts, as well as the audience of the country's premier football league. The research sample consisted of 384 people (emphasizing the adequacy of the sample formula for determining the size of the cochlear sample).The sampling method in this study was stratified random. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire evaluating the performance of emerging media in relation to the Premier Football League, consisting of 2 components (social participation and legitimacy) and 15 items. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test. Based on the obtained results, social participation and legitimacy of emerging media in relation to the Iranian Football Premier League with a 360-degree approach was reported to be desirable (P = 0.0001).

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of traditional methods and sport education method of volleyball training on the knowledge and enthusiasm of male students which has been done in a semi-experimental way. 36 students were selected and divided into two groups of 18 to learn volleyball. They were trained for twelve sessions. A 25-item enthusiasm questionnaire and a 20-item general and professional knowledge questionnaire of volleyball in pre and post stages were used to collect the data. The results showed that sport education method increased the knowledge and enthusiasm of the students significantly in comparison to the traditional method in learning volleyball skills due to the active participation of students in programming, decision making and performing in sport education method.